RhabdomyolysisNCT07361835
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Using Virtual Reality Glasses in Prehospital Intervention Training for Crush Syndrome
A study testing Virtual reality-based crush syndrome training and Traditional theoretical lecture in people with Rhabdomyolysis and Virtual Reality, run by Ege University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This research is a randomized controlled study designed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a video-based virtual reality (VR) simulation for prehospital intervention training of crush syndrome for paramedic students. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Rhabdomyolysis, Virtual Reality, Emergency Medical Services
- What is being tested?
- Virtual reality-based crush syndrome training and Traditional theoretical lecture
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 61 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- Feb 2026to May 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being a second-year student currently enrolled in the first and emergency aid program at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University.
- Voluntarily providing written informed consent to participate in the study. Having basic technological literacy to use virtual reality equipment.
Who cannot join
- First-year students who have not yet reached the relevant stage of the curriculum.
- Students who have previously participated in a similar virtual reality-based crush syndrome simulation.
- Students with medical conditions that may be aggravated by VR use (e.g., severe motion sickness, history of seizures).
- Refusal to participate voluntarily.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Fethiye Health Services Vocational School
Muğla, 48300
Süreyya GÜMÜŞSOY, Assoc. Prof., +90 232 311 20 58, sureyya.gumussoy@ege.edu.tr
Ali AKGÜN, PhD(c), +90 252 211 59 03, aliakgun1980@gmail.com
About this study
This research is a randomized controlled study designed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a video-based virtual reality (VR) simulation for prehospital intervention training of crush syndrome for paramedic students. The study aims to examine the impact of VR simulation on knowledge levels, satisfaction, and sense of presence among second-year first and emergency aid students at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University.
Read the detailed description
The study will be conducted with second-year students enrolled in the first and emergency aid program at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Fethiye Health Services Vocational School. Participants will be assigned to experimental and control groups using simple randomization. The experimental group will receive training via virtual reality (VR) simulation, while the control group will receive traditional theoretical education. Knowledge levels, technology use, satisfaction, and sense of presence will be measured using various validated scales.
- Conditions
- Rhabdomyolysis, Virtual Reality, Emergency Medical Services, Disaster Medicine, Crush Injuries
- Being tested
- Virtual reality-based crush syndrome training, Traditional theoretical lecture
- Keywords
- Prehospital Care, Paramedics, Simulation Training, Virtual Reality Simulation
- Medical subject headings
- Rhabdomyolysis, Crush Injuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Virtual reality-based crush syndrome trainingDevice
A scenario-based three-dimensional virtual reality training program focusing on prehospital crush syndrome assessment and management.
Traditional theoretical lectureOther
Conventional theoretical classroom instruction on prehospital crush syndrome assessment and management.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual reality-based crush syndrome training | Experimental | Participants receive scenario-based three-dimensional virtual reality simulation training for prehospital crush syndrome management using a head-mounted display. Receives: Device: Virtual reality-based crush syndrome training |
| Traditional classroom-based theoretical lecture | Active comparator | Participants receive traditional classroom-based theoretical education for prehospital crush syndrome management. Receives: Other: Traditional theoretical lecture |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Prehospital crush syndrome knowledge level
The knowledge level of participants is measured using the full 'prehospital crush syndrome knowledge level scale'. The scale consists of 32 items covering four sub-dimensions: general knowledge (12 items), treatment (9 items), transport (6 items), and advanced knowledge (5 items). Each correct answer is scored as 1 point, while incorrect or 'no idea' answers are scored as 0. The total score ranges from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 32. A higher total score indicates a better understanding and a higher knowledge level of prehospital crush syndrome management.
Measured: Baseline (pre-test) and immediately after the training session (post-test).
Secondary outcomes (4)
Educational satisfaction level
Participant satisfaction with the educational method (virtual reality or theoretical lecture) is measured using the 'education method satisfaction form'. This is a single-item numeric rating scale ranging from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 10. A score of '0' indicates that the participant is not at all satisfied with the teaching method, while higher scores indicate increasing levels of satisfaction, with a score of '10' representing full satisfaction. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Measured: Immediately after completion of the training intervention.
Sense of presence in virtual environment
The sense of presence in the virtual reality environment is measured using the 'presence questionnaire'. This scale assesses various dimensions such as involvement, sensory fidelity, and adaptation. Each item is scored on a 5-point likert scale, ranging from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 5. For instance, a score of '1' indicates no presence or very poor quality, while a score of '5' indicates a high level of presence or complete naturalness. A higher total score indicates a greater sense of presence and a more immersive virtual reality experience.
Measured: Immediately after completion of the virtual reality training session
Technology usage level
Participants' orientation and interest towards technology are measured using the 'technology usage scale'. This scale consists of 13 items scored on a 5-point likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). The total score ranges from a minimum of 13 to a maximum of 65. A higher total score indicates a higher level of technology integration, interest, and adaptation to technological innovations in daily life.
Measured: Baseline (pre-test)
Attitude toward virtual reality in education
Participants' attitudes toward using virtual reality for learning and professional development are measured using the 'virtual reality attitude scale'. The scale consists of 9 items scored on a 5-point likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). The total score ranges from a minimum of 9 to a maximum of 45. A higher total score indicates a more positive attitude and higher perceived usefulness regarding the integration of virtual reality into educational processes
Measured: Immediately after completion of the training session
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Jan 2026
- Study startFeb 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completionApr 2026 (estimated)
- Study completionMay 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for RhabdomyolysisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Ege UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 61 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ege University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, sureyya gumussoy, Ege University
- Investigators
- Süreyya GÜMÜŞSOY, Principal investigator, Ege UniversitySüreyya GÜMÜŞSOY, PhD, Principal investigator, Ege University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07361835
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 25-11.1T/50
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 12 Jan 2026
- Last updated
- 23 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in this study (text, tables, figures, and appendices) will be made available to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal. The data will be shared to achieve aims in the approved proposal starting 6 months and ending 36 months after publication of the study results.
Publications
English: Gunduz, F., & Ersoy, G. (2022). Knowledge levels of 112 ambulance service employees regarding field treatment of crush syndrome: Izmir province example. Journal of Prehospital, 7(1), 37-50.
English: Panus, U. (2023). Development of an education program to increase the level of knowledge about crush syndrome in paramedic students. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Ege University.
Usuda D, Shimozawa S, Takami H, Kako Y, Sakamoto T, Shimazaki J, Inoue J, Nakayama S, Koido Y, Oba J. Crush syndrome: a review for prehospital providers and emergency clinicians. J Transl Med. 2023 Aug 31;21(1):584. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04416-9.
PubMed 37653520
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Using Virtual Reality Glasses in Prehospital Intervention Training for Crush Syndrome
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07361835
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 25-11.1T/50
- Conditions
- Rhabdomyolysis, Virtual Reality, Emergency Medical Services, Disaster Medicine, Crush Injuries
- Keywords
- Prehospital Care, Paramedics, Simulation Training, Virtual Reality Simulation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 61 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Ege UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University
- Study start
- Feb 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Apr 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- May 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 23 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This research is a randomized controlled study designed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a video-based virtual reality (VR) simulation for prehospital intervention training of crush syndrome for paramedic students. The study aims to examine the impact of VR simulation on knowledge levels, satisfaction, and sense of presence among second-year first and emergency aid students at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University.
Detailed description
The study will be conducted with second-year students enrolled in the first and emergency aid program at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Fethiye Health Services Vocational School. Participants will be assigned to experimental and control groups using simple randomization. The experimental group will receive training via virtual reality (VR) simulation, while the control group will receive traditional theoretical education. Knowledge levels, technology use, satisfaction, and sense of presence will be measured using various validated scales.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual reality-based crush syndrome training | Experimental | Device: Virtual reality-based crush syndrome trainingParticipants receive scenario-based three-dimensional virtual reality simulation training for prehospital crush syndrome management using a head-mounted display. |
| Traditional classroom-based theoretical lecture | Active comparator | Other: Traditional theoretical lectureParticipants receive traditional classroom-based theoretical education for prehospital crush syndrome management. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Being a second-year student currently enrolled in the first and emergency aid program at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University.
- Voluntarily providing written informed consent to participate in the study. Having basic technological literacy to use virtual reality equipment.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- First-year students who have not yet reached the relevant stage of the curriculum.
- Students who have previously participated in a similar virtual reality-based crush syndrome simulation.
- Students with medical conditions that may be aggravated by VR use (e.g., severe motion sickness, history of seizures).
- Refusal to participate voluntarily.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual reality-based crush syndrome trainingA scenario-based three-dimensional virtual reality training program focusing on prehospital crush syndrome assessment and management. | Device | Virtual reality-based crush syndrome training |
| Traditional theoretical lectureConventional theoretical classroom instruction on prehospital crush syndrome assessment and management. | Other | Traditional classroom-based theoretical lecture |
Primary outcome
Prehospital crush syndrome knowledge level
Time frame: Baseline (pre-test) and immediately after the training session (post-test).
The knowledge level of participants is measured using the full 'prehospital crush syndrome knowledge level scale'. The scale consists of 32 items covering four sub-dimensions: general knowledge (12 items), treatment (9 items), transport (6 items), and advanced knowledge (5 items). Each correct answer is scored as 1 point, while incorrect or 'no idea' answers are scored as 0. The total score ranges from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 32. A higher total score indicates a better understanding and a higher knowledge level of prehospital crush syndrome management.
4 secondary outcomes
Educational satisfaction level
Time frame: Immediately after completion of the training intervention.
Sense of presence in virtual environment
Time frame: Immediately after completion of the virtual reality training session
Technology usage level
Time frame: Baseline (pre-test)
Attitude toward virtual reality in education
Time frame: Immediately after completion of the training session
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Jan 2026.
- BackgroundEnglish: Gunduz, F., & Ersoy, G. (2022). Knowledge levels of 112 ambulance service employees regarding field treatment of crush syndrome: Izmir province example. Journal of Prehospital, 7(1), 37-50.
- BackgroundEnglish: Panus, U. (2023). Development of an education program to increase the level of knowledge about crush syndrome in paramedic students. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Ege University.
- Background: PubMed 37653520Usuda D, Shimozawa S, Takami H, Kako Y, Sakamoto T, Shimazaki J, Inoue J, Nakayama S, Koido Y, Oba J. Crush syndrome: a review for prehospital providers and emergency clinicians. J Transl Med. 2023 Aug 31;21(1):584. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04416-9.
- Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Home Page.Link provided by the sponsor.
- Reports on Crush Syndrome cases after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes.Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in this study (text, tables, figures, and appendices) will be made available to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal. The data will be shared to achieve aims in the approved proposal starting 6 months and ending 36 months after publication of the study results.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Süreyya GÜMÜŞSOY principal investigator
Ege University
Süreyya GÜMÜŞSOY, PhD principal investigator
Ege University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Virtual reality-based crush syndrome training and Traditional theoretical lecture in people with Rhabdomyolysis and Virtual Reality, run by Ege University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Süreyya GÜMÜŞSOY, Assoc. Prof. (+90 232 311 20 58, sureyya.gumussoy@ege.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Prehospital crush syndrome knowledge level (time frame: Baseline (pre-test) and immediately after the training session (post-test).). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07361835, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Jan 2026.