Adult Non-trauma Cardiac Arrest ResuscitationNCT07358793
Effectiveness of In-Situ Simulation Training in Adult Non-Trauma Resuscitation: A Comparison of ISS and OSS Team Performance Using the A-C-L-S Model
A study testing In-situ Simulation (ISS) Training and Off-site Simulation (OSS) Training in people with Adult Non-trauma Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation and Effectiveness of In-situ Simulation (ISS) Training, run by National Taiwan University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
This study employed a two-group non-randomized pre-post design to evaluate the effectiveness of interprofessional ISS training over one year at the National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Adult Non-trauma Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation, Effectiveness of In-situ Simulation (ISS) Training, Effectiveness of Off-site Simulation (OSS) Training
- What is being tested?
- In-situ Simulation (ISS) Training and Off-site Simulation (OSS) Training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2026to Dec 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- The Adult Non-Traumatic Resuscitation Teams in the emergency departments of the Douliu and Huwei (branches consist of approximately 2 to 7 healthcare professionals per team). The healthcare professionals include attending physicians, resident physicians, specialized nurses, and registered nurses from the National Taiwan University Hospital system.
Who cannot join
- Medical students and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) observing resuscitation in the emergency room.
- Healthcare professionals who have not obtained a valid ACLS certification.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Taiwan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch (Douliu)
Douliu, Yunlin, 64047
Dr. Wang, +886 972 656 326, m5867481@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of In Situ and Off-site Simulation on A-C-L-S Teamwork Model Implementation for Adult Non-trauma Resuscitation: A Two-group Pre-post Study
This study employed a two-group non-randomized pre-post design to evaluate the effectiveness of interprofessional ISS training over one year at the National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch. The research implements the A-C-L-S teamwork model for adult non-trauma resuscitation teams, comparing the impacts of ISS versus Off-site Simulation (OSS) on team performance. Emergency department teams are assigned between two campuses: ISS at Douliu campus and OSS at Huwei campus. Each training session follows a standardized protocol: twenty-minute briefing, ten-minute high-fidelity simulation, and thirty-minute structured debriefing. The assessment utilizes the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) scale for non-technical skills evaluation, alongside secondary outcomes including resuscitation process, CPR quality, and patient outcome indicators. External ACLS instructor-qualified experts conduct blinded evaluations of recorded scenarios to analyze team performance and training transfer. The study aims to deliver benefits across three dimensions: establishing evidence-based education models to enhance resuscitation team efficiency and patient outcomes; strengthening institutional teaching and research capacity through standardized assessment mechanisms; and developing systematic data collection processes with localized quality indicators for early error detection and improvement.
- Conditions
- Adult Non-trauma Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation, Effectiveness of In-situ Simulation (ISS) Training, Effectiveness of Off-site Simulation (OSS) Training, Improvement of Teamwork in Emergency Care Settings
- Being tested
- In-situ Simulation (ISS) Training, Off-site Simulation (OSS) Training
- Keywords
- In-situ Simulation, Teamwork, Resuscitation, Interprofessional Training, TEAM Scale
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
In-situ Simulation (ISS) TrainingOther
The ISS group will undergo high-fidelity simulation training conducted in a real clinical environment, such as the emergency department. This training will involve a structured scenario with a briefing (20 minutes), a simulation exercise (10 minutes), and a debriefing session (30 minutes). The goal is to enhance teamwork and improve non-technical skills (e.g., communication, coordination) during adult non-trauma cardiac arrest resuscitation. The training follows the A-C-L-S (Airway-Circulation-Leadership-Support) model for team role structuring.
Off-site Simulation (OSS) TrainingOther
The OSS group will participate in simulation training at a dedicated simulation center, using high-fidelity mannequins and equipment. Similar to the ISS group, the training involves a briefing (20 minutes), a simulation scenario (10 minutes), and a debriefing (30 minutes). However, this training is conducted in a controlled environment away from the real clinical setting. The training follows the same A-C-L-S model for team role structuring and focuses on improving teamwork and technical skills for resuscitation.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| In-situ Simulation (ISS) Group | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: In-situ Simulation (ISS) Training |
| Off-site Simulation (OSS) Group | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Other: Off-site Simulation (OSS) Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Non-Technical Skills Evaluation Using the TEAM Scale
The Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) scale will be used to evaluate non-technical skills. The scale consists of 11 items across three categories (leadership, teamwork, and task management) and a global rating. Total scores range from 0 to 44, where higher scores represent better team performance and non-technical skills.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Secondary outcomes (3)
Time to Key Resuscitation Interventions
This measure assesses the efficiency of the ACLS team. We will measure the time intervals (in seconds/minutes) for critical steps, including:
- Time to initial pulse and rhythm assessment.
- Time to first shock (for shockable rhythm).
- Time to first adrenaline (for non-shockable rhythm).
- Time to endotracheal intubation completion.
- Time to established EtCO2 monitoring.
- Time to first ultrasound exam.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
CPR Quality - Chest Compression Fraction (CCF)
The Chest Compression Fraction (CCF) is defined as the proportion of total resuscitation time during which active chest compressions are performed. It is calculated by dividing the total chest compression time by the total duration of the resuscitation event. This indicator is used to evaluate the resuscitation team's ability to minimize interruptions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Data will be collected through systematic observation and analysis of resuscitation performance during both in-situ and off-site simulation training, as well as actual clinical events, to assess the effectiveness of the A-C-L-S teamwork model.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Patient Outcomes - Rate of Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)
The percentage of patients achieving Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest. ROSC is defined as the restoration of a palpable pulse and measurable blood pressure during the resuscitation process. This measure evaluates the clinical outcome of the A-C-L-S teamwork model. Data collection includes comprehensive analysis of patient outcomes and factors influencing resuscitation success, such as initial cardiac rhythm, cause of arrest, and pre-hospital interventions, to assess the overall effectiveness of the simulation training.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Jan 2026
- Study start1 Jan 2026
- Primary completionDec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (23)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Adult Non-trauma Cardiac Arrest ResuscitationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Taiwan University HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07358793
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 202510146RIND
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 2 Jan 2026
- Last updated
- 22 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Mei Q, Zhang T, Chai J, Liu A, Liu Y, Zhu H. Application of In Situ Scenario Simulation in Advanced Cardiac Life Support Training for Eight-year Medicinal Students. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. 2023;14(3):660-664. doi:10.12290/xhyxzz.2022-0676
Cooper S, Cant R, Connell C, Sims L, Porter JE, Symmons M, Nestel D, Liaw SY. Measuring teamwork performance: Validity testing of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) with clinical resuscitation teams. Resuscitation. 2016 Apr;101:97-101. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.01.026. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
PubMed 26875992Maignan M, Koch FX, Chaix J, Phellouzat P, Binauld G, Collomb Muret R, Cooper SJ, Labarere J, Danel V, Viglino D, Debaty G. Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) for the assessment of non-technical skills during resuscitation: Validation of the French version. Resuscitation. 2016 Apr;101:115-20. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.11.024. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
PubMed 26708450Cooper S, Connell C, Cant R. Review article: Use of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure in the rating of emergency teams' non-technical skills: A mapping review. Emerg Med Australas. 2023 Jun;35(3):375-383. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.14184. Epub 2023 Feb 27.
PubMed 36849717Smidt A, Balandin S, Sigafoos J, Reed VA. The Kirkpatrick model: A useful tool for evaluating training outcomes. J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2009 Sep;34(3):266-74. doi: 10.1080/13668250903093125.
PubMed 19681007Cortegiani A, Ippolito M, Abelairas-Gomez C, Nabecker S, Olaussen A, Lauridsen KG, Lin Y, Sawyer T, Yeung J, Lockey AS, Cheng A, Greif R; International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Education, Implementation and Teams Task Force (EIT) Task Force. In situ simulation for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training: A systematic review. Resusc Plus. 2025 Jan 3;21:100863. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100863. eCollection 2025 Jan.
PubMed 39897060Riley W, Davis S, Miller K, Hansen H, Sainfort F, Sweet R. Didactic and simulation nontechnical skills team training to improve perinatal patient outcomes in a community hospital. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2011 Aug;37(8):357-64. doi: 10.1016/s1553-7250(11)37046-8.
PubMed 21874971Hunt EA, Hohenhaus SM, Luo X, Frush KS. Simulation of pediatric trauma stabilization in 35 North Carolina emergency departments: identification of targets for performance improvement. Pediatrics. 2006 Mar;117(3):641-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-2702.
PubMed 16510642Hunt EA, Heine M, Hohenhaus SM, Luo X, Frush KS. Simulated pediatric trauma team management: assessment of an educational intervention. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2007 Nov;23(11):796-804. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31815a0653.
PubMed 18007210Steinemann S, Berg B, Skinner A, DiTulio A, Anzelon K, Terada K, Oliver C, Ho HC, Speck C. In situ, multidisciplinary, simulation-based teamwork training improves early trauma care. J Surg Educ. 2011 Nov-Dec;68(6):472-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2011.05.009. Epub 2011 Aug 3.
PubMed 22000533Carayon P, Schoofs Hundt A, Karsh BT, Gurses AP, Alvarado CJ, Smith M, Flatley Brennan P. Work system design for patient safety: the SEIPS model. Qual Saf Health Care. 2006 Dec;15 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i50-8. doi: 10.1136/qshc.2005.015842.
PubMed 17142610Weaver SJ, Rosen MA, Salas E, Baum KD, King HB. Integrating the science of team training: guidelines for continuing education. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2010 Fall;30(4):208-20. doi: 10.1002/chp.20085.
PubMed 21171026Zendejas B, Cook DA, Bingener J, Huebner M, Dunn WF, Sarr MG, Farley DR. Simulation-based mastery learning improves patient outcomes in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2011 Sep;254(3):502-9; discussion 509-11. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31822c6994.
PubMed 21865947Issenberg SB, McGaghie WC, Hart IR, Mayer JW, Felner JM, Petrusa ER, Waugh RA, Brown DD, Safford RR, Gessner IH, Gordon DL, Ewy GA. Simulation technology for health care professional skills training and assessment. JAMA. 1999 Sep 1;282(9):861-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.282.9.861.
PubMed 10478693Merien AER, van de Ven J, Mol BW, Houterman S, Oei SG. Multidisciplinary team training in a simulation setting for acute obstetric emergencies: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 May;115(5):1021-1031. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181d9f4cd.
PubMed 20410778
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of In Situ and Off-site Simulation on A-C-L-S Teamwork Model Implementation for Adult Non-trauma Resuscitation: A Two-group Pre-post Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07358793
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 202510146RIND
- Conditions
- Adult Non-trauma Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation, Effectiveness of In-situ Simulation (ISS) Training, Effectiveness of Off-site Simulation (OSS) Training, Improvement of Teamwork in Emergency Care Settings
- Keywords
- In-situ Simulation, Teamwork, Resuscitation, Interprofessional Training, TEAM Scale
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 22 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study employed a two-group non-randomized pre-post design to evaluate the effectiveness of interprofessional ISS training over one year at the National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch. The research implements the A-C-L-S teamwork model for adult non-trauma resuscitation teams, comparing the impacts of ISS versus Off-site Simulation (OSS) on team performance. Emergency department teams are assigned between two campuses: ISS at Douliu campus and OSS at Huwei campus. Each training session follows a standardized protocol: twenty-minute briefing, ten-minute high-fidelity simulation, and thirty-minute structured debriefing. The assessment utilizes the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) scale for non-technical skills evaluation, alongside secondary outcomes including resuscitation process, CPR quality, and patient outcome indicators. External ACLS instructor-qualified experts conduct blinded evaluations of recorded scenarios to analyze team performance and training transfer. The study aims to deliver benefits across three dimensions: establishing evidence-based education models to enhance resuscitation team efficiency and patient outcomes; strengthening institutional teaching and research capacity through standardized assessment mechanisms; and developing systematic data collection processes with localized quality indicators for early error detection and improvement.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| In-situ Simulation (ISS) Group | Experimental | Other: In-situ Simulation (ISS) Training |
| Off-site Simulation (OSS) Group | Active comparator | Other: Off-site Simulation (OSS) Training |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- The Adult Non-Traumatic Resuscitation Teams in the emergency departments of the Douliu and Huwei (branches consist of approximately 2 to 7 healthcare professionals per team). The healthcare professionals include attending physicians, resident physicians, specialized nurses, and registered nurses from the National Taiwan University Hospital system.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Medical students and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) observing resuscitation in the emergency room.
- Healthcare professionals who have not obtained a valid ACLS certification.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| In-situ Simulation (ISS) TrainingThe ISS group will undergo high-fidelity simulation training conducted in a real clinical environment, such as the emergency department. This training will involve a structured scenario with a briefing (20 minutes), a simulation exercise (10 minutes), and a debriefing session (30 minutes). The goal is to enhance teamwork and improve non-technical skills (e.g., communication, coordination) during adult non-trauma cardiac arrest resuscitation. The training follows the A-C-L-S (Airway-Circulation-Leadership-Support) model for team role structuring. | Other | In-situ Simulation (ISS) Group |
| Off-site Simulation (OSS) TrainingThe OSS group will participate in simulation training at a dedicated simulation center, using high-fidelity mannequins and equipment. Similar to the ISS group, the training involves a briefing (20 minutes), a simulation scenario (10 minutes), and a debriefing (30 minutes). However, this training is conducted in a controlled environment away from the real clinical setting. The training follows the same A-C-L-S model for team role structuring and focuses on improving teamwork and technical skills for resuscitation. | Other | Off-site Simulation (OSS) Group |
Primary outcome
Non-Technical Skills Evaluation Using the TEAM Scale
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
The Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) scale will be used to evaluate non-technical skills. The scale consists of 11 items across three categories (leadership, teamwork, and task management) and a global rating. Total scores range from 0 to 44, where higher scores represent better team performance and non-technical skills.
3 secondary outcomes
Time to Key Resuscitation Interventions
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
CPR Quality - Chest Compression Fraction (CCF)
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Patient Outcomes - Rate of Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Jan 2026.
- BackgroundMei Q, Zhang T, Chai J, Liu A, Liu Y, Zhu H. Application of In Situ Scenario Simulation in Advanced Cardiac Life Support Training for Eight-year Medicinal Students. Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. 2023;14(3):660-664. doi:10.12290/xhyxzz.2022-0676
- Background: PubMed 26875992Cooper S, Cant R, Connell C, Sims L, Porter JE, Symmons M, Nestel D, Liaw SY. Measuring teamwork performance: Validity testing of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) with clinical resuscitation teams. Resuscitation. 2016 Apr;101:97-101. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.01.026. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
- Background: PubMed 26708450Maignan M, Koch FX, Chaix J, Phellouzat P, Binauld G, Collomb Muret R, Cooper SJ, Labarere J, Danel V, Viglino D, Debaty G. Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) for the assessment of non-technical skills during resuscitation: Validation of the French version. Resuscitation. 2016 Apr;101:115-20. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.11.024. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
- Background: PubMed 36849717Cooper S, Connell C, Cant R. Review article: Use of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure in the rating of emergency teams' non-technical skills: A mapping review. Emerg Med Australas. 2023 Jun;35(3):375-383. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.14184. Epub 2023 Feb 27.
- Background: PubMed 19681007Smidt A, Balandin S, Sigafoos J, Reed VA. The Kirkpatrick model: A useful tool for evaluating training outcomes. J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2009 Sep;34(3):266-74. doi: 10.1080/13668250903093125.
- Background: PubMed 39897060Cortegiani A, Ippolito M, Abelairas-Gomez C, Nabecker S, Olaussen A, Lauridsen KG, Lin Y, Sawyer T, Yeung J, Lockey AS, Cheng A, Greif R; International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Education, Implementation and Teams Task Force (EIT) Task Force. In situ simulation for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training: A systematic review. Resusc Plus. 2025 Jan 3;21:100863. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100863. eCollection 2025 Jan.
- Background: PubMed 21874971Riley W, Davis S, Miller K, Hansen H, Sainfort F, Sweet R. Didactic and simulation nontechnical skills team training to improve perinatal patient outcomes in a community hospital. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2011 Aug;37(8):357-64. doi: 10.1016/s1553-7250(11)37046-8.
- Background: PubMed 16510642Hunt EA, Hohenhaus SM, Luo X, Frush KS. Simulation of pediatric trauma stabilization in 35 North Carolina emergency departments: identification of targets for performance improvement. Pediatrics. 2006 Mar;117(3):641-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-2702.
- Background: PubMed 18007210Hunt EA, Heine M, Hohenhaus SM, Luo X, Frush KS. Simulated pediatric trauma team management: assessment of an educational intervention. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2007 Nov;23(11):796-804. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31815a0653.
- Background: PubMed 22000533Steinemann S, Berg B, Skinner A, DiTulio A, Anzelon K, Terada K, Oliver C, Ho HC, Speck C. In situ, multidisciplinary, simulation-based teamwork training improves early trauma care. J Surg Educ. 2011 Nov-Dec;68(6):472-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2011.05.009. Epub 2011 Aug 3.
- Background: PubMed 17142610Carayon P, Schoofs Hundt A, Karsh BT, Gurses AP, Alvarado CJ, Smith M, Flatley Brennan P. Work system design for patient safety: the SEIPS model. Qual Saf Health Care. 2006 Dec;15 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i50-8. doi: 10.1136/qshc.2005.015842.
- Background: PubMed 21171026Weaver SJ, Rosen MA, Salas E, Baum KD, King HB. Integrating the science of team training: guidelines for continuing education. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2010 Fall;30(4):208-20. doi: 10.1002/chp.20085.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing In-situ Simulation (ISS) Training and Off-site Simulation (OSS) Training in people with Adult Non-trauma Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation and Effectiveness of In-situ Simulation (ISS) Training, run by National Taiwan University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Liang-wei Wang (+886 972 656 326, m5867481@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Non-Technical Skills Evaluation Using the TEAM Scale (time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07358793, which also lists 23 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Jan 2026.