Resistance Training AdaptationNCT07337304
Single vs. Multiple-Set Resistance Training in Sedentary Men
A study testing Resistance Training in people with Resistance Training Adaptation and Sedentary Lifestyle, run by Inonu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aimed to compare the effects of single-set versus multiple-set resistance training on neuromuscular performance and muscle morphology in sedentary men. Participants were randomly assigned to a single-set training group, a multiple-set training group, or a non-training control group. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Resistance Training Adaptation, Sedentary Lifestyle, Neuromuscular Adaptations
- What is being tested?
- Resistance Training
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 34 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Aug 2022to 1 Dec 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male participants aged between 18 and 40 years
- Sedentary lifestyle (no structured resistance training in the previous 6 months)
- Apparently healthy, with no known cardiovascular, metabolic, or musculoskeletal disorders
- Ability to participate in resistance training exercise
- Willingness to provide written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Participation in regular resistance or structured exercise training within the past 6 months
- History of musculoskeletal injury or surgery that could limit exercise performance
- Presence of cardiovascular, neurological, or metabolic disease
- Use of medications or supplements known to affect muscle function or performance
- Any condition deemed unsafe for participation by the investigators
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Inonu University, Faculty of Sport Sciences
Malatya, 44280
About this study
Official title: Comparative Effects of Single vs. Multiple-Set Resistance Training on Neuromuscular Performance and Muscle Morphology in Sedentary Men
This study aimed to compare the effects of single-set versus multiple-set resistance training on neuromuscular performance and muscle morphology in sedentary men. Participants were randomly assigned to a single-set training group, a multiple-set training group, or a non-training control group. The intervention consisted of a structured resistance training program performed over a defined training period, while the control group maintained their usual lifestyle without structured exercise. Neuromuscular performance outcomes included maximal strength and functional performance measures, and muscle morphology was assessed using appropriate imaging and anthropometric methods. The findings of this study are intended to contribute to the understanding of optimal resistance training volume for improving neuromuscular adaptations in previously untrained individuals.
Read the detailed description
This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the effects of resistance training volume on neuromuscular performance and muscle morphology in sedentary adult men. Participants with no regular resistance training history were recruited and randomly allocated into three groups: a single-set resistance training group, a multiple-set resistance training group, and a non-training control group.
Both training groups participated in a supervised resistance training program targeting major muscle groups. The single-set group performed one set per exercise, while the multiple-set group performed multiple sets per exercise, using comparable exercise selection, intensity progression, and rest intervals. Training sessions were conducted at a consistent weekly frequency over the intervention period. The control group did not engage in any structured exercise program and was instructed to maintain their habitual daily activities throughout the study.
Neuromuscular performance was evaluated using maximal strength and functional performance assessments conducted before and after the intervention period. Muscle morphology outcomes were assessed using standardized measurement techniques appropriate for evaluating changes in muscle size and structure. All assessments were performed by trained personnel following standardized protocols.
The primary objective of the study was to compare the magnitude of neuromuscular and morphological adaptations between single-set and multiple-set resistance training protocols in previously untrained individuals. Secondary objectives included comparing both training interventions with a non-training control condition. The results of this study aim to provide evidence-based insight into the effectiveness of different resistance training volumes for improving neuromuscular adaptations in sedentary populations.
- Being tested
- Resistance Training
- Keywords
- Resistance training, Single-set training, Multiple-set training, Neuromuscular performance, Muscle morphology, Sedentary men
- Medical subject headings
- Sedentary Behavior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Resistance TrainingBehavioural
A structured and supervised resistance training program performed at moderate intensity using free weights and resistance machines.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Single-Set Resistance Training | Experimental | Participants performed a supervised resistance training program consisting of one set per exercise. Training was conducted at moderate intensity using standard resistance exercises targeting major muscle groups. Receives: Behavioral: Resistance Training |
| Multiple-Set Resistance Training | Experimental | Participants performed a supervised resistance training program consisting of multiple sets per exercise. Exercise selection, intensity, and training frequency were comparable to the single-set group. Receives: Behavioral: Resistance Training |
| Control Group | No intervention | Participants did not participate in any structured exercise training program and were instructed to maintain their usual daily activities throughout the study period. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Maximal Muscle Strength (1RM)
Change in maximal muscle strength assessed by one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing for major upper- and lower-body exercises.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Secondary outcomes (6)
Muscle morphology
Changes in muscle morphology assessed using fat-free mass, body fat percentage, and limb circumference measurements.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Vertical Jump Height
Change in vertical jump height assessed using a standardized countermovement jump test to evaluate lower-body explosive power.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
20-m Sprint Time
Change in 20-meter sprint time assessed using electronic timing gates to evaluate short-distance sprint performance.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Handgrip Strength
Change in maximal handgrip strength assessed using a calibrated handgrip dynamometer to evaluate upper-body isometric strength.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Estimated VO₂max
Change in estimated maximal oxygen uptake derived from performance in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Perceived Exertion (OMNI-RES)
Change in perceived exertion assessed using the OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale during resistance training sessions.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Jan 2026
- Study start1 Aug 2022
- Primary completion1 Dec 2022
- Study completion1 Dec 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Resistance Training AdaptationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to one of three parallel groups: single-set resistance training, multiple-set resistance training, or a non-exercising control group. All groups were followed concurrently throughout the intervention period.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 34 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Inonu University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ilgin Ali Coskun, Inonu University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07337304
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- INU-RT-SSMS-01
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 13 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Coskun IA, Kafkas ME. Comparative effects of single vs. multiple-set resistance training on neuromuscular performance and muscle morphology in sedentary men. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 Jul 18. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01874-8. Online ahead of print.
PubMed 42471717
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects of Single vs. Multiple-Set Resistance Training on Neuromuscular Performance and Muscle Morphology in Sedentary Men
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07337304
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- INU-RT-SSMS-01
- Keywords
- Resistance training, Single-set training, Multiple-set training, Neuromuscular performance, Muscle morphology, Sedentary men
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 34 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Inonu UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Aug 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Dec 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aimed to compare the effects of single-set versus multiple-set resistance training on neuromuscular performance and muscle morphology in sedentary men. Participants were randomly assigned to a single-set training group, a multiple-set training group, or a non-training control group. The intervention consisted of a structured resistance training program performed over a defined training period, while the control group maintained their usual lifestyle without structured exercise. Neuromuscular performance outcomes included maximal strength and functional performance measures, and muscle morphology was assessed using appropriate imaging and anthropometric methods. The findings of this study are intended to contribute to the understanding of optimal resistance training volume for improving neuromuscular adaptations in previously untrained individuals.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the effects of resistance training volume on neuromuscular performance and muscle morphology in sedentary adult men. Participants with no regular resistance training history were recruited and randomly allocated into three groups: a single-set resistance training group, a multiple-set resistance training group, and a non-training control group.
Both training groups participated in a supervised resistance training program targeting major muscle groups. The single-set group performed one set per exercise, while the multiple-set group performed multiple sets per exercise, using comparable exercise selection, intensity progression, and rest intervals. Training sessions were conducted at a consistent weekly frequency over the intervention period. The control group did not engage in any structured exercise program and was instructed to maintain their habitual daily activities throughout the study.
Neuromuscular performance was evaluated using maximal strength and functional performance assessments conducted before and after the intervention period. Muscle morphology outcomes were assessed using standardized measurement techniques appropriate for evaluating changes in muscle size and structure. All assessments were performed by trained personnel following standardized protocols.
The primary objective of the study was to compare the magnitude of neuromuscular and morphological adaptations between single-set and multiple-set resistance training protocols in previously untrained individuals. Secondary objectives included comparing both training interventions with a non-training control condition. The results of this study aim to provide evidence-based insight into the effectiveness of different resistance training volumes for improving neuromuscular adaptations in sedentary populations.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to one of three parallel groups: single-set resistance training, multiple-set resistance training, or a non-exercising control group. All groups were followed concurrently throughout the intervention period.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Single-Set Resistance Training | Experimental | Behavioral: Resistance TrainingParticipants performed a supervised resistance training program consisting of one set per exercise. Training was conducted at moderate intensity using standard resistance exercises targeting major muscle groups. |
| Multiple-Set Resistance Training | Experimental | Behavioral: Resistance TrainingParticipants performed a supervised resistance training program consisting of multiple sets per exercise. Exercise selection, intensity, and training frequency were comparable to the single-set group. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Participants did not participate in any structured exercise training program and were instructed to maintain their usual daily activities throughout the study period. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Male participants aged between 18 and 40 years
- Sedentary lifestyle (no structured resistance training in the previous 6 months)
- Apparently healthy, with no known cardiovascular, metabolic, or musculoskeletal disorders
- Ability to participate in resistance training exercise
- Willingness to provide written informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Participation in regular resistance or structured exercise training within the past 6 months
- History of musculoskeletal injury or surgery that could limit exercise performance
- Presence of cardiovascular, neurological, or metabolic disease
- Use of medications or supplements known to affect muscle function or performance
- Any condition deemed unsafe for participation by the investigators
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Resistance TrainingA structured and supervised resistance training program performed at moderate intensity using free weights and resistance machines. | Behavioural | Multiple-Set Resistance Training, Single-Set Resistance Training |
Primary outcome
Maximal Muscle Strength (1RM)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Change in maximal muscle strength assessed by one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing for major upper- and lower-body exercises.
6 secondary outcomes
Muscle morphology
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Vertical Jump Height
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
20-m Sprint Time
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Handgrip Strength
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Estimated VO₂max
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Perceived Exertion (OMNI-RES)
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Jan 2026.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42471717Coskun IA, Kafkas ME. Comparative effects of single vs. multiple-set resistance training on neuromuscular performance and muscle morphology in sedentary men. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 Jul 18. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01874-8. Online ahead of print.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Resistance Training in people with Resistance Training Adaptation and Sedentary Lifestyle, run by Inonu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Maximal Muscle Strength (1RM) (time frame: Baseline and Week 8). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07337304, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Jan 2026.