Pain ManagementPain ReliefNCT07336719
The Effect of Cartoon and Music Applications on Dental Pain
A study testing Cartoon viewing app and Music intervention in people with Pain Management and Dental Anxiety, run by Selcuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study investigated the effect of showing cartoons or playing music during the procedure on the physiological parameters of pain and fear experienced by children aged 6-12 undergoing tooth extraction treatment. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 6 to 12 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Pain Management, Dental Anxiety, Distraction
- What is being tested?
- Cartoon viewing app and Music intervention
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Apr 2025to 15 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 6 to 12 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Be between 6 and 12 years of age,
- Have no systemic, neurological, or chronic diseases,
- Agree to sit in the patient chair (according to the Frankl scale: 2, 3, or 4),
- Have no mental or neurological problems,
- Understand and speak Turkish,
- Have an indication for tooth extraction
- Willingness to participate in the study,
- No visual or auditory impairments
Who cannot join
- Being a foreign national,
- Not wanting to participate in the study,
- Not agreeing to sit in the patient chair (1 on the Frankl scale)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Showing Cartoons and Playing Music During Dental Treatment on Pain and Treatment Anxiety in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This study investigated the effect of showing cartoons or playing music during the procedure on the physiological parameters of pain and fear experienced by children aged 6-12 undergoing tooth extraction treatment.
Read the detailed description
Pediatric patients are frequently exposed to medical procedures that can cause pain and anxiety. While pharmacological interventions may be used, distraction is a simple and effective technique that diverts children's attention away from distressing stimuli. Distraction is a non-pharmacological pain management technique widely used by healthcare professionals during procedures to reduce pain and distress. It is based on the assumption that by shifting the child's attention to something interesting, their ability to pay attention to painful stimuli is inhibited, thereby reducing pain, distress, and anxiety. However, there are no published studies examining the effect of watching cartoons, listening to music, and the tell-show-do approach during tooth extraction on the physiological parameters, pain, and anxiety of children aged 6-12 years.
- Conditions
- Pain Management, Dental Anxiety, Distraction, Dental Extraction
- Being tested
- Cartoon viewing app, Music intervention, control group
- Keywords
- anxiety, distraction, dental extraction, pain management, nursing care
- Medical subject headings
- Agnosia, Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Cartoon viewing appOther
Before starting the study, a compilation of children's favorite cartoons specific to their age group was prepared. Based on randomization, children in this group were asked before the procedure which cartoon they would like to watch. During the procedure, a tablet was placed in a position where the child could easily see it. The cartoon started being shown one minute before the procedure. Uninterrupted viewing was ensured throughout the procedure.
Music interventionOther
Before starting the study, a list of children's favorite music specific to their age group was compiled. Children in this group were randomly assigned to listen to which music from this list before the procedure. Wireless headphones were placed on the child before the procedure. Music began playing one minute prior to the procedure. The child was allowed to listen to music continuously throughout the procedure.
control groupOther
No interventions were performed on the children in this group outside of routine practice.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimantal Group: Cartoon Group | Experimental | In this group of 20 children, cartoons were shown during the tooth extraction procedure. Before the procedure began, the child's vital signs (heart rate and blood oxygen level), pain level, and fear level were measured. The child watched their chosen cartoon during the procedure. Vital signs and pain level were measured again during the procedure. One minute after the procedure was completed, the child's vital signs, pain level, and fear level were measured again. Receives: Other: Cartoon viewing app |
| Experimantal Group: Music Group | Experimental | In this group of 20 children, music was played during the tooth extraction procedure. Before the procedure began, the child's vital signs (heart rate and blood oxygen level), pain level, and fear level were measured. The music chosen by the child was played during the procedure. Vital signs and pain level were measured again during the procedure, and again 1 minute after the procedure was completed. Receives: Other: Music intervention |
| Control Group | Other | The control group consisted of 20 children who underwent the routine procedure. One minute before the procedure, the child's vital signs (heart rate and blood oxygen level), pain level, and fear level were measured. Vital signs and pain level were measured again during the procedure. One minute after the procedure was completed, the child's vital signs, pain level, and fear level were measured again. Receives: Other: control group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Child Identification Information Form
This form was created by researchers based on the literature to determine the identifying characteristics (age, gender, type and duration of treatment, etc.) of a child undergoing dental treatment.
Measured: Five minutes before the procedure
Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (Heart rate-min)
This is a form developed by researchers to assess the pulse and oxygen saturation of a child undergoing treatment.
Measured: Tooth extraction 1 minute ago
Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (oxygen saturation -SpO2%)
This is a form developed by researchers to assess the pulse and oxygen saturation of a child undergoing treatment.
Measured: Tooth extraction 1 minute ago
Wong Baker Facial Pain Rating Scale
The Wong Baker Facial Rating Scale is one of the scales used to assess pain. This scale consists of six facial expressions, rated from 0 to 10 according to the severity of the pain.
Measured: Tooth extraction 1 minute ago
Child Fear Assessment Scale-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS)
The CFSS-DS scale consists of 15 questions covering different aspects of dental treatment. It can be used with children aged 4-14 years. It is used to determine children's fear of tooth extraction.
Measured: Tooth extraction 1 minute ago
Secondary outcomes (7)
Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (Heart rate-min
This is a form developed by researchers to assess the pulse and oxygen saturation of a child undergoing treatment.
Measured: 5th minute of the process
Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (oxygen saturation -SpO2%)
This is a form developed by researchers to assess the pulse and oxygen saturation of a child undergoing treatment.
Measured: 5th minute of the process
Wong Baker Facial Pain Rating Scale
The Wong Baker Facial Rating Scale is one of the scales used to assess pain. This scale consists of six facial expressions, rated from 0 to 10 according to the severity of the pain.
Measured: 5th minute of the process
Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (Heart rate-min)
This is a form developed by researchers to assess the pulse and oxygen saturation of a child undergoing treatment.
Measured: 1 minute after the procedure
Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (oxygen saturation -SpO2%)
This is a form developed by researchers to assess the pulse and oxygen saturation of a child undergoing treatment.
Measured: 1 minute after the procedure
Wong Baker Facial Pain Rating Scale
The Wong Baker Facial Rating Scale is one of the scales used to assess pain. This scale consists of six facial expressions, rated from 0 to 10 according to the severity of the pain.
Measured: 1 minute after the procedure
Child Fear Assessment Scale-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS)
The CFSS-DS scale consists of 15 questions covering different aspects of dental treatment. It can be used with children aged 4-14 years. It is used to determine a child's fear of tooth extraction.
Measured: 1 minute after the procedure
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Jan 2026
- Study start15 Apr 2025
- Primary completion15 Dec 2025
- Study completion15 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Pain ManagementStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Selcuk UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The G\*Power 3.1.9.2 program was used to calculate the sample size for the study. The G\*Power 3.1.9.6 program was used for the prior sample size calculation. Anticipating potential losses, the sample size was increased by approximately 20%, and the study was planned to be conducted with 20 children in each group.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Selcuk University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Sibel Küçükoğlu, Selcuk University
- Investigators
- Sibel Kucukoglu, Study director, Selcuk University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07336719
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 02-SU.01-2026SA/2025
- Acronym
- Pain Relief
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 2 Jan 2026
- Last updated
- 13 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Koller D, Goldman RD. Distraction techniques for children undergoing procedures: a critical review of pediatric research. J Pediatr Nurs. 2012 Dec;27(6):652-81. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2011.08.001. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
PubMed 21925588
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Showing Cartoons and Playing Music During Dental Treatment on Pain and Treatment Anxiety in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07336719
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Pain Relief / 02-SU.01-2026SA/2025
- Conditions
- Pain Management, Dental Anxiety, Distraction, Dental Extraction
- Keywords
- anxiety, distraction, dental extraction, pain management, nursing care
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Selcuk UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study investigated the effect of showing cartoons or playing music during the procedure on the physiological parameters of pain and fear experienced by children aged 6-12 undergoing tooth extraction treatment.
Detailed description
Pediatric patients are frequently exposed to medical procedures that can cause pain and anxiety. While pharmacological interventions may be used, distraction is a simple and effective technique that diverts children's attention away from distressing stimuli. Distraction is a non-pharmacological pain management technique widely used by healthcare professionals during procedures to reduce pain and distress. It is based on the assumption that by shifting the child's attention to something interesting, their ability to pay attention to painful stimuli is inhibited, thereby reducing pain, distress, and anxiety. However, there are no published studies examining the effect of watching cartoons, listening to music, and the tell-show-do approach during tooth extraction on the physiological parameters, pain, and anxiety of children aged 6-12 years.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- The G*Power 3.1.9.2 program was used to calculate the sample size for the study. The G*Power 3.1.9.6 program was used for the prior sample size calculation. Anticipating potential losses, the sample size was increased by approximately 20%, and the study was planned to be conducted with 20 children in each group.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimantal Group: Cartoon Group | Experimental | Other: Cartoon viewing appIn this group of 20 children, cartoons were shown during the tooth extraction procedure. Before the procedure began, the child's vital signs (heart rate and blood oxygen level), pain level, and fear level were measured. The child watched their chosen cartoon during the procedure. Vital signs and pain level were measured again during the procedure. One minute after the procedure was completed, the child's vital signs, pain level, and fear level were measured again. |
| Experimantal Group: Music Group | Experimental | Other: Music interventionIn this group of 20 children, music was played during the tooth extraction procedure. Before the procedure began, the child's vital signs (heart rate and blood oxygen level), pain level, and fear level were measured. The music chosen by the child was played during the procedure. Vital signs and pain level were measured again during the procedure, and again 1 minute after the procedure was completed. |
| Control Group | Other | Other: control groupThe control group consisted of 20 children who underwent the routine procedure. One minute before the procedure, the child's vital signs (heart rate and blood oxygen level), pain level, and fear level were measured. Vital signs and pain level were measured again during the procedure. One minute after the procedure was completed, the child's vital signs, pain level, and fear level were measured again. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 6 to 12 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Be between 6 and 12 years of age,
- Have no systemic, neurological, or chronic diseases,
- Agree to sit in the patient chair (according to the Frankl scale: 2, 3, or 4),
- Have no mental or neurological problems,
- Understand and speak Turkish,
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Being a foreign national,
- Not wanting to participate in the study,
- Not agreeing to sit in the patient chair (1 on the Frankl scale)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Cartoon viewing appBefore starting the study, a compilation of children's favorite cartoons specific to their age group was prepared. Based on randomization, children in this group were asked before the procedure which cartoon they would like to watch. During the procedure, a tablet was placed in a position where the child could easily see it. The cartoon started being shown one minute before the procedure. Uninterrupted viewing was ensured throughout the procedure. | Other | Experimantal Group: Cartoon Group |
| Music interventionBefore starting the study, a list of children's favorite music specific to their age group was compiled. Children in this group were randomly assigned to listen to which music from this list before the procedure. Wireless headphones were placed on the child before the procedure. Music began playing one minute prior to the procedure. The child was allowed to listen to music continuously throughout the procedure. | Other | Experimantal Group: Music Group |
| control groupNo interventions were performed on the children in this group outside of routine practice. | Other | Control Group |
Primary outcome
Child Identification Information Form
Time frame: Five minutes before the procedure
This form was created by researchers based on the literature to determine the identifying characteristics (age, gender, type and duration of treatment, etc.) of a child undergoing dental treatment.
Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (Heart rate-min)
Time frame: Tooth extraction 1 minute ago
This is a form developed by researchers to assess the pulse and oxygen saturation of a child undergoing treatment.
Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (oxygen saturation -SpO2%)
Time frame: Tooth extraction 1 minute ago
This is a form developed by researchers to assess the pulse and oxygen saturation of a child undergoing treatment.
Wong Baker Facial Pain Rating Scale
Time frame: Tooth extraction 1 minute ago
The Wong Baker Facial Rating Scale is one of the scales used to assess pain. This scale consists of six facial expressions, rated from 0 to 10 according to the severity of the pain.
Child Fear Assessment Scale-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS)
Time frame: Tooth extraction 1 minute ago
The CFSS-DS scale consists of 15 questions covering different aspects of dental treatment. It can be used with children aged 4-14 years. It is used to determine children's fear of tooth extraction.
7 secondary outcomes
Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (Heart rate-min
Time frame: 5th minute of the process
Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (oxygen saturation -SpO2%)
Time frame: 5th minute of the process
Wong Baker Facial Pain Rating Scale
Time frame: 5th minute of the process
Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (Heart rate-min)
Time frame: 1 minute after the procedure
Physiological Parameter Follow-up Form (oxygen saturation -SpO2%)
Time frame: 1 minute after the procedure
Wong Baker Facial Pain Rating Scale
Time frame: 1 minute after the procedure
Child Fear Assessment Scale-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS)
Time frame: 1 minute after the procedure
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Jan 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 21925588Koller D, Goldman RD. Distraction techniques for children undergoing procedures: a critical review of pediatric research. J Pediatr Nurs. 2012 Dec;27(6):652-81. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2011.08.001. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Sibel Kucukoglu study director
Selcuk University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Cartoon viewing app and Music intervention in people with Pain Management and Dental Anxiety, run by Selcuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Child Identification Information Form (time frame: Five minutes before the procedure). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07336719, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Jan 2026.