StrokeNCT07328867
Combined Effects of Dual-task and Perturbation Based Training on Balance and Cognition in Stroke Patients
A study testing Perturbation-Based Training and Perturbation + Dual-Task Training in people with Stroke and Balance, run by Foundation University Islamabad at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
This study aims to evaluate the Combined Effects of Dual-task and Perturbation Baesd Training on Balance and Cognition in Stroke Patients. Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disorder that can impair cognitive, motor, and balanace abilites. Stroke is the second largest cause of death and disability globally. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 25 to 80 years
- What is being tested?
- Perturbation-Based Training and Perturbation + Dual-Task Training
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 33 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 14 Jun 2025to 10 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 25 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- No limitation of genders.
- Age between 25-80 years
- Participants diagnosed with chronic stroke
- Participants being able to walk with or without walking aid independently or under supervision
- Participants with impaired balance as indicated by a score of <=41 on BBS
- Participants with Montreal Cognitive Assessment Score <26
Who cannot join
- Patient with sinificant co morbidties or secondary complications including orthopedic or rheumatological disorders were excluded
- Patients with severe cognitive impairment or dementia
- Apraxia or hemi-neglect
- Participants with body weight >100kg
- Participants with significant visual or hearing impairments
- Patients with epilepsy or pacemaker
- Participants with peripheral or central neuropathies that could impair balance
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site
Foundation University College of Physical Therapy
Islamabad, 44000
About this study
This study aims to evaluate the Combined Effects of Dual-task and Perturbation Baesd Training on Balance and Cognition in Stroke Patients. Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disorder that can impair cognitive, motor, and balanace abilites. Stroke is the second largest cause of death and disability globally. According tp studies, people who have had a stroke are more likely to fall than others who are same age and gender. PBBT is known as artificially induced balance training technique that can mimics the loss of balance that can occur naturally in freal life. Reduction in falls has been reported broadly by the use of perturbation based balance training. Current study will be and RCT on 33 participants based on the inclusion critieria. Participants will be randomly and equally divided into two groups; group B receiving Perturbation Based Training Alone and Group A receiving Dual-task and Perturbation Based Balance Training. The treatment will be given for 40 minutes, 3 days a week for 6 consecutive weeks. The assessment will be conducted at baseline, for cognition by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), for initial treadmill speed 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT), for balance by Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and for fall riak by Fall Efficacy Scale (FES). Final assessment will be conducted after 6 weeks.
Read the detailed description
Stroke is a multifaceted disease that can be caused by a variety of risk factors, disease processes and causes. Stroke results in the change of cognitive function, which effects resulting in minor impairment to the development of post-stroke dementia. The cognitive deficiencies in a stroke survivors have significant influence on their daily productivity. In addition, falls are a prevalent and potentially fatal issue for as many as 47% of all stroke patients admitted to the hospital.Some studies suggest that Dual-task training when paired with mechanical action of treadmill could maximize the constraint on the cognitive control processes for gait.
- Being tested
- Perturbation-Based Training, Perturbation + Dual-Task Training
- Keywords
- Physical therapy, Stroke, Perturbation Based Training, Dual-Task Training, Balance, Cognition, Fall risk
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Perturbation-Based TrainingProcedure or surgery
The control group will participate in a structured six-week intervention program consisting exclusively of the Perturbation Based Balance Training. Participants will attend three supervised sessions per week, ensuring consistent oversight and proper technique throughout the program. Each session will began with a warm-up period, followed by two 8-minute segments of perturbation-based treadmill training, with participants allowed a rest period of 60 second to 2 minute between repetitions to prevent fatigue and maintain the quality of each movement. The frequency is maintained consistently, however, perturbations dosage was progressively increased across all six weeks to provide a standardized exposure, allowing for accurate comparison with other intervention groups. Over the entire six-week period, participants will complete a total of 18 supervised sessions, each with three repetitions, summing up to 108 bouts across the intervention.
Perturbation + Dual-Task TrainingProcedure or surgery
The intervention program spans six weeks and involves both supervised Perturbation sessions and Dual-Task training exercises. Participants will attend three supervised Perturbation based training per week, with each session consisting of two 8-minute segments of the training.
In addition, participants will perform Dual-Task training and perturbations on treadmill, with each cycle consisting of two segments. This combination of supervised practice will be increased progressively throughout all six weeks. Across the entire program, participants will complete a total of 18 supervised perturbation based balance training and 18 Dual-task training sessions.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Dual-task and Perturbation Based Training | Experimental | 1. Participants in the experimental group received combined perturbation and dual task training
2. The intervention was conducted for 3 days a week for 6 consecutive weeks
3. Each treatment session lasted approximately 40 minutes including 5 minute of warmup and 2 minutes of rest between 2 segments
4. Primary training modality was treadmill
5. Initial walking speed was determined individually for each participant by using 10MWT
6. Perturbations were applied manually during treadmill walking
7. The intensity of treadmill was progressively increased across sessions by change in directions of perturbations, unpredictability, walking speed and reducing hand support when safe
8. Dual-task training is added after 3 session and will be performed concurrently with perturbation training.
9. Cognitive tasks include counting backwards, naming animals, subtracting 3 from 100.
10. The complexity of the task will progressively increased
11. Safety should be ensured by using the harness Receives: Procedure: Perturbation + Dual-Task Training |
| Perturbation Based Training | Active comparator | 1. Participants in control group received Perturbation Baesd Training Alone
2. The intervention was conducted for 3 days a week for 6 consecutive weeks
3. Each treatment session lasted 40 minutes including 5 minute of warm up and 2 minute of rest between segments
4. Primary training modality was treadmill
5. Initial walking speed was determined individually for each participant by using 10MWT
6. Perturbations were appllied manually during treadmill walking
7. The intensity of treadmill was progressively increased across sessions by chanfe in directions of perturbations, unpredictability, walking speed and reducing hand support when safe
8. Safety should be ensured by using the harness, keeping emergency stop at reach, and use of handrails when necessary Receives: Procedure: Perturbation-Based Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Balance
Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used, Maximum Total=56 points (41-56=Low fall risk, 21-40= Medium fall risk, 0-20 High fall risk)
Measured: 6 weeks
Cognition
Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, Maximum score=30 (26-30= normal cognition, 18-25= mild cognitive impairment, 10-17 moderate cognitive Impairment, <10=severe cognitive impairment
Measured: 6 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Fall Risk
Fall Efficacy Scale (FES), Total score=10-100 (higher score = greater fear of falling
Measured: 6 Weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Jan 2026
- Study start14 Jun 2025
- Primary completion26 Sep 2025
- Study completion10 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Foundation University IslamabadThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 33 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Foundation University Islamabad
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07328867
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FUI/CTR/2025/16
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 29 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 9 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Combined Effects of Dual-task and Perturbation Based Training on Balance and Cognition in Stroke Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07328867
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FUI/CTR/2025/16
- Keywords
- Physical therapy, Stroke, Perturbation Based Training, Dual-Task Training, Balance, Cognition, Fall risk
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 33 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Foundation University IslamabadUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 14 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 26 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 9 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to evaluate the Combined Effects of Dual-task and Perturbation Baesd Training on Balance and Cognition in Stroke Patients. Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disorder that can impair cognitive, motor, and balanace abilites. Stroke is the second largest cause of death and disability globally. According tp studies, people who have had a stroke are more likely to fall than others who are same age and gender. PBBT is known as artificially induced balance training technique that can mimics the loss of balance that can occur naturally in freal life. Reduction in falls has been reported broadly by the use of perturbation based balance training. Current study will be and RCT on 33 participants based on the inclusion critieria. Participants will be randomly and equally divided into two groups; group B receiving Perturbation Based Training Alone and Group A receiving Dual-task and Perturbation Based Balance Training. The treatment will be given for 40 minutes, 3 days a week for 6 consecutive weeks. The assessment will be conducted at baseline, for cognition by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), for initial treadmill speed 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT), for balance by Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and for fall riak by Fall Efficacy Scale (FES). Final assessment will be conducted after 6 weeks.
Detailed description
Stroke is a multifaceted disease that can be caused by a variety of risk factors, disease processes and causes. Stroke results in the change of cognitive function, which effects resulting in minor impairment to the development of post-stroke dementia. The cognitive deficiencies in a stroke survivors have significant influence on their daily productivity. In addition, falls are a prevalent and potentially fatal issue for as many as 47% of all stroke patients admitted to the hospital.Some studies suggest that Dual-task training when paired with mechanical action of treadmill could maximize the constraint on the cognitive control processes for gait.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Dual-task and Perturbation Based Training | Experimental | Procedure: Perturbation + Dual-Task Training1. Participants in the experimental group received combined perturbation and dual task training 2. The intervention was conducted for 3 days a week for 6 consecutive weeks 3. Each treatment session lasted approximately 40 minutes including 5 minute of warmup and 2 minutes of rest between 2 segments 4. Primary training modality was treadmill 5. Initial walking speed was determined individually for each participant by using 10MWT 6. Perturbations were applied manually during treadmill walking 7. The intensity of treadmill was progressively increased across sessions by change in directions of perturbations, unpredictability, walking speed and reducing hand support when safe 8. Dual-task training is added after 3 session and will be performed concurrently with perturbation training. 9. Cognitive tasks include counting backwards, naming animals, subtracting 3 from 100. 10. The complexity of the task will progressively increased 11. Safety should be ensured by using the harness |
| Perturbation Based Training | Active comparator | Procedure: Perturbation-Based Training1. Participants in control group received Perturbation Baesd Training Alone 2. The intervention was conducted for 3 days a week for 6 consecutive weeks 3. Each treatment session lasted 40 minutes including 5 minute of warm up and 2 minute of rest between segments 4. Primary training modality was treadmill 5. Initial walking speed was determined individually for each participant by using 10MWT 6. Perturbations were appllied manually during treadmill walking 7. The intensity of treadmill was progressively increased across sessions by chanfe in directions of perturbations, unpredictability, walking speed and reducing hand support when safe 8. Safety should be ensured by using the harness, keeping emergency stop at reach, and use of handrails when necessary |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 25 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- No limitation of genders.
- Age between 25-80 years
- Participants diagnosed with chronic stroke
- Participants being able to walk with or without walking aid independently or under supervision
- Participants with impaired balance as indicated by a score of <=41 on BBS
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Patient with sinificant co morbidties or secondary complications including orthopedic or rheumatological disorders were excluded
- Patients with severe cognitive impairment or dementia
- Apraxia or hemi-neglect
- Participants with body weight >100kg
- Participants with significant visual or hearing impairments
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Perturbation-Based TrainingThe control group will participate in a structured six-week intervention program consisting exclusively of the Perturbation Based Balance Training. Participants will attend three supervised sessions per week, ensuring consistent oversight and proper technique throughout the program. Each session will began with a warm-up period, followed by two 8-minute segments of perturbation-based treadmill training, with participants allowed a rest period of 60 second to 2 minute between repetitions to prevent fatigue and maintain the quality of each movement. The frequency is maintained consistently, however, perturbations dosage was progressively increased across all six weeks to provide a standardized exposure, allowing for accurate comparison with other intervention groups. Over the entire six-week period, participants will complete a total of 18 supervised sessions, each with three repetitions, summing up to 108 bouts across the intervention. | Procedure or surgery | Perturbation Based Training |
| Perturbation + Dual-Task TrainingThe intervention program spans six weeks and involves both supervised Perturbation sessions and Dual-Task training exercises. Participants will attend three supervised Perturbation based training per week, with each session consisting of two 8-minute segments of the training. In addition, participants will perform Dual-Task training and perturbations on treadmill, with each cycle consisting of two segments. This combination of supervised practice will be increased progressively throughout all six weeks. Across the entire program, participants will complete a total of 18 supervised perturbation based balance training and 18 Dual-task training sessions. | Procedure or surgery | Dual-task and Perturbation Based Training |
Primary outcome
Balance
Time frame: 6 weeks
Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used, Maximum Total=56 points (41-56=Low fall risk, 21-40= Medium fall risk, 0-20 High fall risk)
Cognition
Time frame: 6 weeks
Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, Maximum score=30 (26-30= normal cognition, 18-25= mild cognitive impairment, 10-17 moderate cognitive Impairment, <10=severe cognitive impairment
1 secondary outcome
Fall Risk
Time frame: 6 Weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Jan 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Perturbation-Based Training and Perturbation + Dual-Task Training in people with Stroke and Balance, run by Foundation University Islamabad at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Balance (time frame: 6 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Jan 2026.