KinesiophobiaNCT07325032
Impact of Breathing and Yoga Poses on Kinesiophobia in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients
A study testing Deep Breathing exercise and Three typical yoga poses in people with Kinesiophobia and Osteo Arthritis Knee, run by Saveetha University at 1 site in India.
Trial summary
The study aimed to determine if deep breathing and conventional physiotherapy were more effective than yoga poses and conventional physiotherapy in reducing kinesiophobia among knee osteoarthritis patients. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 60 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Kinesiophobia, Osteo Arthritis Knee
- What is being tested?
- Deep Breathing exercise and Three typical yoga poses
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIndia
- Study dates
- 20 Dec 2024to 24 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 60 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Age: 40 - 60
- Documented diagnosis of Osteoarthritis
- Tampa scale Score =<68
- Pain severity score 7-10(severity) on Visual Analog Scale
- Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2): =<220
Who cannot join
- Severe Joint Deformity or Instability
- Recent Surgery or Injury
- Severe Range of Motion (ROM) Limitations
- Neurological Conditions
- Cardiovascular or Respiratory Conditions
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
India1 site
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of Deep Breathing and Three Typical Yoga Poses for Kinesiophobia Among Knee Osteoarthritis Patients
The study aimed to determine if deep breathing and conventional physiotherapy were more effective than yoga poses and conventional physiotherapy in reducing kinesiophobia among knee osteoarthritis patients. 40 participants were divided into an experimental and control group, with the experimental group receiving deep breathing exercise and conventional physiotherapy, and the control group receiving yoga poses and conventional physiotherapy.
Read the detailed description
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease causing severe pain, stiffness, and functional limitations. It involves synovial proliferation, cartilage degeneration, and structural joint changes. Knee OA is influenced by age, limb use, injury, mechanical stress, genetics, and metabolic factors, with varied clinical presentations. The knee is a complex joint made of the femoropatellar and medial/lateral femorotibial joints. It functions as a condylar synovial joint with tibial and femoral condyles, and also includes menisci that divide the joint space, increasing complexity.
Women are more likely to develop OA, with the knee being the most commonly affected. Around 344 million people require rehabilitation for OA. With rising obesity and injury rates, global OA prevalence is expected to increase. In India, OA rates differ significantly between rural and urban regions. Daily function in OA is affected not only by physical damage but also by psychological factors. Fear and avoidance behaviors can worsen pain, contributing to kinesiophobia and negatively impacting mobility.
Kinesiophobia is an excessive fear of movement or reinjury due to beliefs about pain or harm. It occurs in conditions like shoulder pain, chronic low back pain, and aging. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) is used to assess this fear.
Deep breathing relaxation techniques, including slow inhalation, breath-holding for ~5 seconds, and gentle exhalation, help reduce anxiety by relaxing supporting muscles. Deep breathing promotes emotional control, calmness, better metabolism, and regulates pain and mood through autonomic pathways.
Deep, slow breathing (DSB) can reduce pain, improve mood, and enhance sleep in healthy individuals and OA patients. It is cost-effective, calming, and may reduce joint tension, encouraging better participation in physical activity. Yoga, a mind-body practice with roots in India, enhances balance, coordination, mood, strength, flexibility, and range of motion. Pranayama (breathing) and asanas (postures) together improve both physical and mental well-being. It is considered safe for people of all ages.
Physiotherapy and exercise have been used for nearly a century to treat knee osteoarthritis. They are the second most prescribed treatment after medication. However, the long-term effectiveness and benefits of supervised, home-based, or independent exercise remain uncertain.
- Conditions
- Kinesiophobia, Osteo Arthritis Knee
- Being tested
- Deep Breathing exercise, Three typical yoga poses
- Keywords
- Kinesio phobia, Osteoarthritis, Mind body practice, Yoga poses, Deep breathing technique, Conventional physiotherapy, Physical and emotional stability
- Medical subject headings
- Kinesiophobia, Osteoarthritis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Deep Breathing exerciseBehavioural
Also called Conventional physiotherapy
The participants are seated on chair were given a 3-min, 6 deep breaths per minute along with the Conventional physiotherapy protocol 5 times a week for 4 weeks.
Three typical yoga posesBehavioural
Also called Conventional physiotherapy
The participants were asked to perform three typical yoga poses on yoga mat along with the Conventional physiotherapy protocol 5 times a week for 4 weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Deep Breathing technique and conventional physiotherapy | Active comparator | Participants received Deep Breathing exercise and conventional physiotherapy for five times per week for four weeks with rest periods. Receives: Behavioral: Deep Breathing exercise |
| Three Yoga poses and conventional physiotherapy | Active comparator | Participants received Three Typical yoga poses and conventional physiotherapy for five days each, for a total of four weeks with rest periods. Receives: Behavioral: Three typical yoga poses |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Tampa scale for kinesiophobia
Tampa scale is a 17-item self-reported instrument used to distinguish between non-excessive fear and phobia in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, i.e., the fear of movement. Each item is a 4 -point scale anchored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) with total score of 68. The Score 17 and below representing (no kinesiophobia) and for a participants from score 37- 68 (represents kinesiophobia).
Measured: Baseline and week 4
Secondary outcomes (1)
Visual Analogue Scale
The Visual Analogue Scale is a widely used tool for measuring pain severity, with endpoints ranging from "no pain" to "worst pain imaginable." Patients mark points on the scale, and clinicians track changes over time.
Measured: Baseline and week 4
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted8 Jan 2026
- Study start20 Dec 2024
- Primary completion14 Mar 2025
- Study completion24 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for KinesiophobiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Saveetha University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Snekha V, Saveetha University
- Investigators
- Madhanraj Sekar, MPT, Principal investigator, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07325032
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 332/07/2024/ISRB/UGSR/SCPT
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 15 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 8 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of Deep Breathing and Three Typical Yoga Poses for Kinesiophobia Among Knee Osteoarthritis Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07325032
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 332/07/2024/ISRB/UGSR/SCPT
- Conditions
- Kinesiophobia, Osteo Arthritis Knee
- Keywords
- Kinesio phobia, Osteoarthritis, Mind body practice, Yoga poses, Deep breathing technique, Conventional physiotherapy, Physical and emotional stability
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Saveetha UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 20 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 14 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 24 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 8 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The study aimed to determine if deep breathing and conventional physiotherapy were more effective than yoga poses and conventional physiotherapy in reducing kinesiophobia among knee osteoarthritis patients. 40 participants were divided into an experimental and control group, with the experimental group receiving deep breathing exercise and conventional physiotherapy, and the control group receiving yoga poses and conventional physiotherapy.
Detailed description
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease causing severe pain, stiffness, and functional limitations. It involves synovial proliferation, cartilage degeneration, and structural joint changes. Knee OA is influenced by age, limb use, injury, mechanical stress, genetics, and metabolic factors, with varied clinical presentations. The knee is a complex joint made of the femoropatellar and medial/lateral femorotibial joints. It functions as a condylar synovial joint with tibial and femoral condyles, and also includes menisci that divide the joint space, increasing complexity.
Women are more likely to develop OA, with the knee being the most commonly affected. Around 344 million people require rehabilitation for OA. With rising obesity and injury rates, global OA prevalence is expected to increase. In India, OA rates differ significantly between rural and urban regions. Daily function in OA is affected not only by physical damage but also by psychological factors. Fear and avoidance behaviors can worsen pain, contributing to kinesiophobia and negatively impacting mobility.
Kinesiophobia is an excessive fear of movement or reinjury due to beliefs about pain or harm. It occurs in conditions like shoulder pain, chronic low back pain, and aging. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) is used to assess this fear.
Deep breathing relaxation techniques, including slow inhalation, breath-holding for ~5 seconds, and gentle exhalation, help reduce anxiety by relaxing supporting muscles. Deep breathing promotes emotional control, calmness, better metabolism, and regulates pain and mood through autonomic pathways.
Deep, slow breathing (DSB) can reduce pain, improve mood, and enhance sleep in healthy individuals and OA patients. It is cost-effective, calming, and may reduce joint tension, encouraging better participation in physical activity. Yoga, a mind-body practice with roots in India, enhances balance, coordination, mood, strength, flexibility, and range of motion. Pranayama (breathing) and asanas (postures) together improve both physical and mental well-being. It is considered safe for people of all ages.
Physiotherapy and exercise have been used for nearly a century to treat knee osteoarthritis. They are the second most prescribed treatment after medication. However, the long-term effectiveness and benefits of supervised, home-based, or independent exercise remain uncertain.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Deep Breathing technique and conventional physiotherapy | Active comparator | Behavioral: Deep Breathing exerciseParticipants received Deep Breathing exercise and conventional physiotherapy for five times per week for four weeks with rest periods. |
| Three Yoga poses and conventional physiotherapy | Active comparator | Behavioral: Three typical yoga posesParticipants received Three Typical yoga poses and conventional physiotherapy for five days each, for a total of four weeks with rest periods. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Age: 40 - 60
- Documented diagnosis of Osteoarthritis
- Tampa scale Score =<68
- Pain severity score 7-10(severity) on Visual Analog Scale
- Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2): =<220
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Severe Joint Deformity or Instability
- Recent Surgery or Injury
- Severe Range of Motion (ROM) Limitations
- Neurological Conditions
- Cardiovascular or Respiratory Conditions
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Deep Breathing exerciseAlso: Conventional physiotherapyThe participants are seated on chair were given a 3-min, 6 deep breaths per minute along with the Conventional physiotherapy protocol 5 times a week for 4 weeks. | Behavioural | Deep Breathing technique and conventional physiotherapy |
| Three typical yoga posesAlso: Conventional physiotherapyThe participants were asked to perform three typical yoga poses on yoga mat along with the Conventional physiotherapy protocol 5 times a week for 4 weeks. | Behavioural | Three Yoga poses and conventional physiotherapy |
Primary outcome
Tampa scale for kinesiophobia
Time frame: Baseline and week 4
Tampa scale is a 17-item self-reported instrument used to distinguish between non-excessive fear and phobia in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, i.e., the fear of movement. Each item is a 4 -point scale anchored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) with total score of 68. The Score 17 and below representing (no kinesiophobia) and for a participants from score 37- 68 (represents kinesiophobia).
1 secondary outcome
Visual Analogue Scale
Time frame: Baseline and week 4
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Jan 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Madhanraj Sekar, MPT principal investigator
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Deep Breathing exercise and Three typical yoga poses in people with Kinesiophobia and Osteo Arthritis Knee, run by Saveetha University at 1 site in India.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in India. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (time frame: Baseline and week 4). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Jan 2026.