Neuromuscular ControlSSDSPE-RCTNCT07320027
Acute Impact of Static, Dynamic, and Proprioceptive Exercises on Proprioception, Strength, Balance, and Explosive Power
A study testing Static Stretching Exercise Group, Dynamic Stretching Exercise Group and Proprioceptive Exercise Group in people with Neuromuscular Control and Balance, run by Konya Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the acute effects of static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercises on proprioception, muscle strength, balance, and explosive power in young athletes. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 14 to 19 years, men only
- Conditions the study is for
- Neuromuscular Control, Balance, Musculoskeletal Function
- What is being tested?
- Static Stretching Exercise Group, Dynamic Stretching Exercise Group and Proprioceptive Exercise Group
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 48 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 8 Aug 2025to 13 Aug 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 14 to 19 years
- Men only
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Playing football for at least 5 years.
- Not experiencing knee pain for the last 2 months.
- No history of knee surgery.
- Practicing for 90 minutes at least 5 days a week.
- Volunteering to participate in the study.
- Being between 14 and 19 years old.
Who cannot join
- Having experienced knee pain for the last two months.
- Having had knee surgery.
- Not willing to participate.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparison of the Acute Effects of Static Stretching, Dynamic Stretching, and Proprioceptive Exercises on Proprioception, Muscle Strength, Balance, and Explosive Power: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the acute effects of static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercises on proprioception, muscle strength, balance, and explosive power in young athletes. The study aims to determine how different stretching and exercise modalities influence short-term performance parameters.
The primary questions this study aims to answer are:
Read more
Do static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercises have different acute effects on proprioception?
Do these interventions cause different changes in muscle strength, balance, and explosive power?
Researchers will compare the static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercise groups to determine which method produces greater improvements in the measured performance parameters.
Participants will:
Perform one of the three assigned exercise protocols according to a standardized warm-up procedure
Undergo pre- and post-exercise assessments, including:
Proprioception (measured with an isokinetic device)
Muscle strength (measured with an isokinetic device)
Balance (measured with a Y balance test and BESS balance test)
Explosive power (measured with the Sargent Vertical Jump Test)
Read the detailed description
This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the acute effects of static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercises on knee joint position sense (proprioception), muscle strength, balance, and explosive power in young male soccer players.
Proprioception, the ability to sense the position and movement of joints, muscles, and tendons, plays a critical role in maintaining joint stability. Proprioceptive exercises are widely used among athletes to enhance performance and reduce injury risk. Stretching exercises, particularly static and dynamic techniques, are commonly integrated into warm-up routines to improve flexibility, joint range of motion, and neuromuscular function. However, direct comparisons of the acute effects of static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercises remain limited.
In this study, healthy male soccer players aged 14-19 years, with at least five years of competitive experience, no knee pain in the past two months, and no history of knee surgery, will be included. Participants will be randomly assigned (block randomization) into three groups:
Static Stretching Group - A controlled-position protocol targeting the quadriceps, hamstrings, plantar flexors, and dorsiflexors, with specific hold durations.
Dynamic Stretching Group - A repetitive movement protocol for the same muscle groups, with gradual speed increases.
Proprioceptive Exercise Group - A 10-exercise proprioceptive training program performed on a BOSU ball, focusing on lower-limb awareness, postural control, and dynamic balance.
All groups will perform a standardized 10-minute warm-up on a cycle ergometer before their respective protocols.
Assessments will be conducted before and immediately after the intervention:
Knee joint position sense (proprioception) - measured with an ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer
Muscle strength - isokinetic testing of knee flexors and extensors using the isokinetic device
Static balance - Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) test
Dynamic balance - Y-Balance Test
Explosive power - Sargent Vertical Jump Test
The primary hypothesis is that proprioceptive exercises will produce greater acute improvements in proprioception, balance, and explosive power, while dynamic stretching may yield higher acute gains in muscle strength. Findings from this study are expected to inform evidence-based warm-up and training strategies for young soccer players.
- Conditions
- Neuromuscular Control, Balance, Musculoskeletal Function
- Being tested
- Static Stretching Exercise Group, Dynamic Stretching Exercise Group, Proprioceptive Exercise Group
- Keywords
- Proprioception, Static stretching, Dynamic stretching, Balance, Explosive Power
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Static Stretching Exercise GroupOther
Also called SG
Our exercise group where we applied the static stretching protocol
Dynamic Stretching Exercise GroupOther
Also called DG
Our exercise group where we applied the dynamic stretching protocol
Proprioceptive Exercise GroupOther
Also called PG
Proprioceptive Exercise Program
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Proprioception group | Experimental | The group that received proprioception exercises Receives: Other: Proprioceptive Exercise Group |
| Dynamic tension group | Experimental | The group that received dynamic stretching exercises Receives: Other: Dynamic Stretching Exercise Group |
| Static tension group | Experimental | The group that received static stretching exercises Receives: Other: Static Stretching Exercise Group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Knee Joint Position Sense Error (degrees)
Angular joint position matching error (degrees) measured using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer with passive reproduction of target angles.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Peak Torque during Knee Extension (Nm)
Peak torque (Nm) during knee extension assessed using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer. Testing was performed in concentric mode at 60 deg/s.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Secondary outcomes (14)
Peak Torque during Knee Flexion (Nm)
Peak torque (Nm) during knee flexion assessed using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer. Testing was performed in concentric mode at 60 deg/s.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Total Work during Knee Extension (J)
Total work (J) produced during knee extension assessed using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer. Testing was performed in concentric mode at 60 deg/s.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Total Work during Knee Flexion (J)
Total work (J) produced during knee flexion assessed using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer. Testing was performed in concentric mode at 60 deg/s.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Average Work during Knee Extension (J)
Average work (J) during knee extension assessed using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer. Testing was performed in concentric mode at 60 deg/s.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Average Work during Knee Flexion (J)
Average work (J) during knee flexion assessed using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer. Testing was performed in concentric mode at 60 deg/s.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Maximum Work during Knee Extension (J)
Maximum work (J) during knee extension assessed using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer. Testing was performed in concentric mode at 60 deg/s.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Maximum Work during Knee Flexion (J)
Maximum work (J) during knee flexion assessed using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer. Testing was performed in concentric mode at 60 deg/s.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Average Power during Knee Extension (W)
Average power (W) during knee extension assessed using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer. Testing was performed in concentric mode at 60 deg/s.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Average Power during Knee Flexion (W)
verage power (W) during knee flexion assessed using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer. Testing was performed in concentric mode at 60 deg/s.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Knee Joint Angle at Peak Torque during Extension (degrees)
The knee joint angle (degrees) at which peak torque occurs during knee extension, assessed using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer. Testing was performed in concentric mode at 60 deg/s.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Knee Joint Angle at Peak Torque during Flexion (degrees)
The knee joint angle (degrees) at which peak torque occurs during knee flexion, assessed using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer. Testing was performed in concentric mode at 60 deg/s.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Y Balance Test Composite Score (percent)
Dynamic balance performance evaluated using the normalized composite reach score from the Y Balance Test (percent).
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
BESS Total Error Score (points)
Static balance performance measured using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS); higher scores indicate worse balance.
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Vertical Jump Height (cm) - Sargent Test
Explosive lower-limb power measured using the Sargent Vertical Jump Test (cm).
Measured: Baseline and 1 day
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Jan 2026
- Study start8 Aug 2025
- Primary completion12 Aug 2025
- Study completion13 Aug 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Neuromuscular ControlStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Konya Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Muhammet Talha DOĞAN, Konya Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi
- Investigators
- Neslihan ALTUNTAŞ YILMAZ E Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Doctor, Study director, Necmettin Erbakan University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07320027
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 22817
- Acronym
- SSDSPE-RCT
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 16 Aug 2025
- Last updated
- 6 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Yilmaz O, Soylu Y, Erkmen N, Kaplan T, Batalik L. Effects of proprioceptive training on sports performance: a systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 Jul 4;16(1):149. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-00936-z.
PubMed 38965588
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of the Acute Effects of Static Stretching, Dynamic Stretching, and Proprioceptive Exercises on Proprioception, Muscle Strength, Balance, and Explosive Power: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07320027
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SSDSPE-RCT / 22817
- Conditions
- Neuromuscular Control, Balance, Musculoskeletal Function
- Keywords
- Proprioception, Static stretching, Dynamic stretching, Balance, Explosive Power
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Konya Necmettin Erbakan ÜniversitesiUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 8 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 12 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 13 Aug 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 Jan 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the acute effects of static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercises on proprioception, muscle strength, balance, and explosive power in young athletes. The study aims to determine how different stretching and exercise modalities influence short-term performance parameters.
The primary questions this study aims to answer are:
Do static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercises have different acute effects on proprioception?
Do these interventions cause different changes in muscle strength, balance, and explosive power?
Researchers will compare the static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercise groups to determine which method produces greater improvements in the measured performance parameters.
Participants will:
Perform one of the three assigned exercise protocols according to a standardized warm-up procedure
Undergo pre- and post-exercise assessments, including:
Proprioception (measured with an isokinetic device)
Muscle strength (measured with an isokinetic device)
Balance (measured with a Y balance test and BESS balance test)
Explosive power (measured with the Sargent Vertical Jump Test)
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the acute effects of static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercises on knee joint position sense (proprioception), muscle strength, balance, and explosive power in young male soccer players.
Proprioception, the ability to sense the position and movement of joints, muscles, and tendons, plays a critical role in maintaining joint stability. Proprioceptive exercises are widely used among athletes to enhance performance and reduce injury risk. Stretching exercises, particularly static and dynamic techniques, are commonly integrated into warm-up routines to improve flexibility, joint range of motion, and neuromuscular function. However, direct comparisons of the acute effects of static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive exercises remain limited.
In this study, healthy male soccer players aged 14-19 years, with at least five years of competitive experience, no knee pain in the past two months, and no history of knee surgery, will be included. Participants will be randomly assigned (block randomization) into three groups:
Static Stretching Group - A controlled-position protocol targeting the quadriceps, hamstrings, plantar flexors, and dorsiflexors, with specific hold durations.
Dynamic Stretching Group - A repetitive movement protocol for the same muscle groups, with gradual speed increases.
Proprioceptive Exercise Group - A 10-exercise proprioceptive training program performed on a BOSU ball, focusing on lower-limb awareness, postural control, and dynamic balance.
All groups will perform a standardized 10-minute warm-up on a cycle ergometer before their respective protocols.
Assessments will be conducted before and immediately after the intervention:
Knee joint position sense (proprioception) - measured with an ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer
Muscle strength - isokinetic testing of knee flexors and extensors using the isokinetic device
Static balance - Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) test
Dynamic balance - Y-Balance Test
Explosive power - Sargent Vertical Jump Test
The primary hypothesis is that proprioceptive exercises will produce greater acute improvements in proprioception, balance, and explosive power, while dynamic stretching may yield higher acute gains in muscle strength. Findings from this study are expected to inform evidence-based warm-up and training strategies for young soccer players.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Proprioception group | Experimental | Other: Proprioceptive Exercise GroupThe group that received proprioception exercises |
| Dynamic tension group | Experimental | Other: Dynamic Stretching Exercise GroupThe group that received dynamic stretching exercises |
| Static tension group | Experimental | Other: Static Stretching Exercise GroupThe group that received static stretching exercises |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 14 to 19 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Playing football for at least 5 years.
- Not experiencing knee pain for the last 2 months.
- No history of knee surgery.
- Practicing for 90 minutes at least 5 days a week.
- Volunteering to participate in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Having experienced knee pain for the last two months.
- Having had knee surgery.
- Not willing to participate.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Static Stretching Exercise GroupAlso: SGOur exercise group where we applied the static stretching protocol | Other | Static tension group |
| Dynamic Stretching Exercise GroupAlso: DGOur exercise group where we applied the dynamic stretching protocol | Other | Dynamic tension group |
| Proprioceptive Exercise GroupAlso: PGProprioceptive Exercise Program | Other | Proprioception group |
Primary outcome
Knee Joint Position Sense Error (degrees)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Angular joint position matching error (degrees) measured using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer with passive reproduction of target angles.
Peak Torque during Knee Extension (Nm)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Peak torque (Nm) during knee extension assessed using the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic dynamometer. Testing was performed in concentric mode at 60 deg/s.
14 secondary outcomes
Peak Torque during Knee Flexion (Nm)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Total Work during Knee Extension (J)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Total Work during Knee Flexion (J)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Average Work during Knee Extension (J)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Average Work during Knee Flexion (J)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Maximum Work during Knee Extension (J)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Maximum Work during Knee Flexion (J)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Average Power during Knee Extension (W)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Average Power during Knee Flexion (W)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Knee Joint Angle at Peak Torque during Extension (degrees)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Knee Joint Angle at Peak Torque during Flexion (degrees)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Y Balance Test Composite Score (percent)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
BESS Total Error Score (points)
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Vertical Jump Height (cm) - Sargent Test
Time frame: Baseline and 1 day
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Jan 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 38965588Yilmaz O, Soylu Y, Erkmen N, Kaplan T, Batalik L. Effects of proprioceptive training on sports performance: a systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 Jul 4;16(1):149. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-00936-z.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Neslihan ALTUNTAŞ YILMAZ E Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Doctor study director
Necmettin Erbakan University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Static Stretching Exercise Group, Dynamic Stretching Exercise Group and Proprioceptive Exercise Group in people with Neuromuscular Control and Balance, run by Konya Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Knee Joint Position Sense Error (degrees) (time frame: Baseline and 1 day). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07320027, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Jan 2026.