Temporomandibular Joint DisordersNCT07292064
Type D Personality, Somatization and Perceived Social Support in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
An observational study of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Somatization Disorder, run by Gulseren Demir Karakilic at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Type D personality traits, somatization disorder, and perceived social support in individuals diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Somatization Disorder, Type D Personality
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 20 Feb 2025to 30 Jun 2025
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The study population consists of adult patients aged 18 to 65 years who were diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders and presented to the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic at Gaziantep City Hospital. In addition, age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers without temporomandibular joint disorders were included as the control group.
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged 18-65 years
- Ability to read and write
- Cognitively intact
- Patients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders or healthy volunteers
Who cannot join
- Younger than 18 years or older than 65 years
- Illiteracy
- Cognitive impairment
- Not meeting the specified inclusion criteria
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Yozgat, Yozgat, 66100
About this study
Official title: Investigation of Type D Personality, Somatization Disorder and Perceived Social Support in Patients With Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Type D personality traits, somatization disorder, and perceived social support in individuals diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders. Temporomandibular joint disorders are musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions that affect the jaw joint, chewing muscles, and related structures, leading to pain and functional difficulties. Psychological and social factors, such as personality traits and emotional distress, have been shown to influence the development and persistence of these disorders.
The research was conducted as a prospective cross-sectional study between February and June 2025 in Gaziantep City Hospital. Adult participants between 18 and 65 years of age who were diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders were compared with healthy individuals of similar age and gender. Participants completed validated questionnaires that assessed mandibular function, anxiety and depression symptoms, Type D personality traits, somatization tendencies, and levels of perceived social support. The purpose of this study was to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological and social dimensions that may contribute to the onset and course of temporomandibular joint disorders.
Read the detailed description
This research was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study conducted between February 2025 and June 2025 in the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic of Gaziantep City Hospital, Turkey. The study included two groups: patients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders and healthy control participants matched for age and gender. All participants were between 18 and 65 years of age, literate, cognitively intact, and voluntarily agreed to participate. Ethical approval was granted by the institutional ethics committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all individuals before enrollment.
Data collection involved face-to-face interviews using standardized self-report questionnaires. The following instruments were used:
- Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire: This instrument includes 17 questions that evaluate functional problems of the jaw during daily activities. Each question is scored on a five-point scale, and higher total scores indicate greater impairment in jaw function.
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: This tool consists of 14 questions that measure symptoms of anxiety and depression. It has two parts, each containing seven questions. Each section produces a total score between zero and twenty-one, where higher values represent greater symptom severity.
- Type D Personality Scale: This scale contains fourteen statements divided into two categories: negative emotions and social inhibition. Each statement is rated on a five-point scale from zero to four. A score of ten or more on both categories indicates the presence of Type D personality traits.
- Somatization Scale: This questionnaire includes thirty-three true or false statements that identify the presence of unexplained physical symptoms. Some statements are reverse coded. Higher total scores show more frequent or severe somatic complaints.
- Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support: This twelve-question scale measures perceived emotional and practical support from three sources: family, friends, and a significant other. Each item is rated on a seven-point scale. Higher scores represent stronger perceived social support.
In addition to these scales, sociodemographic data such as age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, and income were recorded. Exclusion criteria included the presence of severe psychiatric disorders, neurological disease, or cognitive impairment that could interfere with understanding or completing the questionnaires.
All collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Distribution normality was assessed, and comparisons between the two groups were performed using suitable parametric or non-parametric tests. Associations among the measured psychological and functional parameters were examined through correlation analyses.
The objective of this study was to identify potential associations between Type D personality, somatization, and perceived social support in individuals with temporomandibular joint disorders. By evaluating these interrelated psychological and social variables, the study sought to emphasize the importance of a holistic and multidisciplinary approach in understanding and managing temporomandibular joint disorders.
- Conditions
- Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Somatization Disorder, Type D Personality, Perceived Social Support
- Keywords
- Temporomandibular Joint Pain, Psychosocial Factors, Personality Traits, Social Inhibition, Negative Affectivity, Mandibular Function, Anxiety and Depression, Biopsychosocial Model
- Medical subject headings
- Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Somatoform Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Depression
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Group | Adults aged 18-65 years who were clinically diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders at the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic of Gaziantep City Hospital. Participants completed questionnaires evaluating mandibular function, anxiety, depression, personality traits, somatization, and perceived social support. No medical or pharmacological intervention was applied. | |
| Healthy Control Group | Healthy adults aged 18-65 years with no diagnosis or symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders. The control participants were matched to the patient group by age and gender and completed the same psychological and functional assessment questionnaires. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Type D Personality Traits
The primary outcome of this study was the evaluation of Type D personality traits in individuals with temporomandibular joint disorders compared to healthy controls. Type D personality was assessed with a fourteen-item scale measuring two main dimensions: negative emotions and social inhibition. Each item is scored from zero to four. A score of ten or more in both dimensions indicates the presence of Type D personality traits. The Turkish version of the scale has been validated and shown to be reliable. Higher total scores indicate stronger negative emotional responses and greater social inhibition.
Measured: At the time of study enrollment.
the Somatization Scale
Somatic symptom severity was measured using a thirty-three-item true or false questionnaire. Seventeen items are reverse-coded to control for response bias. One point is given for each correct standard response and for incorrect responses to reverse-coded items. The total score ranges from zero to thirty-three, with higher scores reflecting more pronounced somatization tendencies. The Turkish version of this instrument has demonstrated reliability and construct validity in previous psychometric evaluations.
Measured: At the time of study enrollment.
the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support
Perceived emotional and practical support was evaluated using a twelve-item questionnaire measuring three main sources of support: family, friends, and a significant other. Each statement is rated on a seven-point scale ranging from one (very strongly disagree) to seven (very strongly agree). Subscale scores range from four to twenty-eight, and total scores range from twelve to eighty-four. Higher scores indicate greater perceived social support. The Turkish version of this scale has been shown to have high reliability and validity
Measured: At the time of study enrollment.
Secondary outcomes (2)
the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated using a fourteen-item self-report scale consisting of two subscales, each containing seven items. Each question is scored from zero to three, resulting in subscale scores ranging from zero to twenty-one. Higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. This tool has been validated in Turkish and is widely used to identify possible mood and anxiety symptoms in clinical and research settings.
Measured: At the time of study enrollment
the Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire
Jaw function and movement limitations were evaluated using a seventeen-item questionnaire assessing the degree of difficulty in performing daily activities involving mandibular movement. Each item is rated on a five-point scale from zero (no difficulty) to four (very severe difficulty). The total score ranges from zero to sixty-eight, with higher scores indicating greater functional impairment of the jaw. The Turkish adaptation of this scale has demonstrated strong reliability and validity.
Measured: At the time of study enrollment.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Dec 2025
- Study start20 Feb 2025
- Primary completion30 Jun 2025
- Study completion30 Jun 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Temporomandibular Joint DisordersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Gulseren Demir Karakilic
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Bozok University, Gaziantep City Hospital
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Gulseren Demir Karakilic, Bozok University
- Investigators
- Gülseren Demir Karakılıç, Assistant Professor, Principal investigator, Yozgat Bozok University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07292064
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 124/2025
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 5 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 29 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Publications
Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1990 Winter;55(3-4):610-7. doi: 10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095.
PubMed 2280326Eker, D., Cok boyutlu algilanan sosyal destek olceginin gozden gecirilmis formunun faktor yapisi, gecerlik ve guvenirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2001. 12: p. 17-25.
Dülgerler, Ş., İlköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinde somatizasyon ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Unpublished master dissertation). Ege University, İzmir, 2000.
Öncü, E. and S.K. Vayısoğlu, D tipi kişilik ölçeğinin Türk toplumunda geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması. Ankara Medical Journal, 2018. 18(4): p. 646-656.
Denollet J. DS14: standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality. Psychosom Med. 2005 Jan-Feb;67(1):89-97. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000149256.81953.49.
PubMed 15673629Aydemir, Ö., et al., Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 1997. 8(4): p. 280-7.
Kılınç, H.E., et al., Further Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of the Mandibular Functional Impairment Questionnaire in Patients with Temporomandibular Dysfunction. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 2022. 7(1): p. 214-222.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Investigation of Type D Personality, Somatization Disorder and Perceived Social Support in Patients With Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07292064
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 124/2025
- Conditions
- Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Somatization Disorder, Type D Personality, Perceived Social Support
- Keywords
- Temporomandibular Joint Pain, Psychosocial Factors, Personality Traits, Social Inhibition, Negative Affectivity, Mandibular Function, Anxiety and Depression, Biopsychosocial Model
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Gulseren Demir KarakilicUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Bozok University, Gaziantep City Hospital
- Study start
- 20 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Type D personality traits, somatization disorder, and perceived social support in individuals diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders. Temporomandibular joint disorders are musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions that affect the jaw joint, chewing muscles, and related structures, leading to pain and functional difficulties. Psychological and social factors, such as personality traits and emotional distress, have been shown to influence the development and persistence of these disorders.
The research was conducted as a prospective cross-sectional study between February and June 2025 in Gaziantep City Hospital. Adult participants between 18 and 65 years of age who were diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders were compared with healthy individuals of similar age and gender. Participants completed validated questionnaires that assessed mandibular function, anxiety and depression symptoms, Type D personality traits, somatization tendencies, and levels of perceived social support. The purpose of this study was to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological and social dimensions that may contribute to the onset and course of temporomandibular joint disorders.
Detailed description
This research was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study conducted between February 2025 and June 2025 in the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic of Gaziantep City Hospital, Turkey. The study included two groups: patients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders and healthy control participants matched for age and gender. All participants were between 18 and 65 years of age, literate, cognitively intact, and voluntarily agreed to participate. Ethical approval was granted by the institutional ethics committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all individuals before enrollment.
Data collection involved face-to-face interviews using standardized self-report questionnaires. The following instruments were used:
- Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire: This instrument includes 17 questions that evaluate functional problems of the jaw during daily activities. Each question is scored on a five-point scale, and higher total scores indicate greater impairment in jaw function.
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: This tool consists of 14 questions that measure symptoms of anxiety and depression. It has two parts, each containing seven questions. Each section produces a total score between zero and twenty-one, where higher values represent greater symptom severity.
- Type D Personality Scale: This scale contains fourteen statements divided into two categories: negative emotions and social inhibition. Each statement is rated on a five-point scale from zero to four. A score of ten or more on both categories indicates the presence of Type D personality traits.
- Somatization Scale: This questionnaire includes thirty-three true or false statements that identify the presence of unexplained physical symptoms. Some statements are reverse coded. Higher total scores show more frequent or severe somatic complaints.
- Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support: This twelve-question scale measures perceived emotional and practical support from three sources: family, friends, and a significant other. Each item is rated on a seven-point scale. Higher scores represent stronger perceived social support.
In addition to these scales, sociodemographic data such as age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, and income were recorded. Exclusion criteria included the presence of severe psychiatric disorders, neurological disease, or cognitive impairment that could interfere with understanding or completing the questionnaires.
All collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Distribution normality was assessed, and comparisons between the two groups were performed using suitable parametric or non-parametric tests. Associations among the measured psychological and functional parameters were examined through correlation analyses.
The objective of this study was to identify potential associations between Type D personality, somatization, and perceived social support in individuals with temporomandibular joint disorders. By evaluating these interrelated psychological and social variables, the study sought to emphasize the importance of a holistic and multidisciplinary approach in understanding and managing temporomandibular joint disorders.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case-control
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Group | – | –Adults aged 18-65 years who were clinically diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders at the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic of Gaziantep City Hospital. Participants completed questionnaires evaluating mandibular function, anxiety, depression, personality traits, somatization, and perceived social support. No medical or pharmacological intervention was applied. |
| Healthy Control Group | – | –Healthy adults aged 18-65 years with no diagnosis or symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders. The control participants were matched to the patient group by age and gender and completed the same psychological and functional assessment questionnaires. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The study population consists of adult patients aged 18 to 65 years who were diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders and presented to the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic at Gaziantep City Hospital. In addition, age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers without temporomandibular joint disorders were included as the control group.
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Adults aged 18-65 years
- Ability to read and write
- Cognitively intact
- Patients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders or healthy volunteers
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Younger than 18 years or older than 65 years
- Illiteracy
- Cognitive impairment
- Not meeting the specified inclusion criteria
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Type D Personality Traits
Time frame: At the time of study enrollment.
The primary outcome of this study was the evaluation of Type D personality traits in individuals with temporomandibular joint disorders compared to healthy controls. Type D personality was assessed with a fourteen-item scale measuring two main dimensions: negative emotions and social inhibition. Each item is scored from zero to four. A score of ten or more in both dimensions indicates the presence of Type D personality traits. The Turkish version of the scale has been validated and shown to be reliable. Higher total scores indicate stronger negative emotional responses and greater social inhibition.
the Somatization Scale
Time frame: At the time of study enrollment.
Somatic symptom severity was measured using a thirty-three-item true or false questionnaire. Seventeen items are reverse-coded to control for response bias. One point is given for each correct standard response and for incorrect responses to reverse-coded items. The total score ranges from zero to thirty-three, with higher scores reflecting more pronounced somatization tendencies. The Turkish version of this instrument has demonstrated reliability and construct validity in previous psychometric evaluations.
the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support
Time frame: At the time of study enrollment.
Perceived emotional and practical support was evaluated using a twelve-item questionnaire measuring three main sources of support: family, friends, and a significant other. Each statement is rated on a seven-point scale ranging from one (very strongly disagree) to seven (very strongly agree). Subscale scores range from four to twenty-eight, and total scores range from twelve to eighty-four. Higher scores indicate greater perceived social support. The Turkish version of this scale has been shown to have high reliability and validity
2 secondary outcomes
the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Time frame: At the time of study enrollment
the Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire
Time frame: At the time of study enrollment.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Dec 2025.
- Background: PubMed 2280326Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1990 Winter;55(3-4):610-7. doi: 10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095.
- BackgroundEker, D., Cok boyutlu algilanan sosyal destek olceginin gozden gecirilmis formunun faktor yapisi, gecerlik ve guvenirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2001. 12: p. 17-25.
- BackgroundDülgerler, Ş., İlköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinde somatizasyon ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Unpublished master dissertation). Ege University, İzmir, 2000.
- BackgroundÖncü, E. and S.K. Vayısoğlu, D tipi kişilik ölçeğinin Türk toplumunda geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması. Ankara Medical Journal, 2018. 18(4): p. 646-656.
- Background: PubMed 15673629Denollet J. DS14: standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality. Psychosom Med. 2005 Jan-Feb;67(1):89-97. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000149256.81953.49.
- BackgroundAydemir, Ö., et al., Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 1997. 8(4): p. 280-7.
- BackgroundKılınç, H.E., et al., Further Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of the Mandibular Functional Impairment Questionnaire in Patients with Temporomandibular Dysfunction. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 2022. 7(1): p. 214-222.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Gülseren Demir Karakılıç, Assistant Professor principal investigator
Yozgat Bozok University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Somatization Disorder, run by Gulseren Demir Karakilic at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Type D Personality Traits (time frame: At the time of study enrollment.). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07292064, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Dec 2025.