Sports Physical TherapyNCT07286864
Outdoor Horseback Riding and Its Effects on Muscle Strength, Balance, Sleep, and Movement
An observational study of Sports Physical Therapy and Physical Functional Performance, run by Istinye University at 3 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to investigate the effects of regular outdoor horseback riding on lower extremity muscle strength, core stabilization, balance, functional movement capacity, sleep quality, and overall well-being in healthy adults. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Sports Physical Therapy, Physical Functional Performance, Horseback Riding
- How many people
- 64 participants
- Where
- 3 sitesTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 30 Dec 2025to 8 Apr 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The study will include healthy adults aged 18-65 years. Participants will be divided into two groups: individuals who have been regularly practicing outdoor horseback riding for at least 6 months (minimum once per week) and individuals who do not participate in horseback riding or regular physical activity. All participants must be able to understand instructions, communicate effectively, and complete the study assessments.
Who may be able to join
- Age between 18 and 65 years. Regular outdoor horseback riding for at least 6 months (minimum once per week). Voluntary participation and signed informed consent. Healthy individuals without chronic musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or neurological diseases.
- Cognitive ability to understand instructions and communicate.
Who cannot join
- Any orthopedic, neurological, cardiovascular, or respiratory disease. Diagnosed sleep disorder, anxiety, depression, or other psychiatric conditions. Major surgery within the past 6 months. Pregnancy. Physical or cognitive conditions preventing completion of study protocols. Inability to comply with test procedures or cooperate during assessments.
Trial locations and contacts
3 sites in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)3 sites
Istinye University
Istanbul
Istınye Unıversıtesı
Istanbul
İstinye University
Istanbul
About this study
Official title: Effects of Outdoor Horseback Riding on Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, Core Stabilization, Balance, Sleep Quality, and Functional Movement Capacity in Healthy Adults
This study aims to investigate the effects of regular outdoor horseback riding on lower extremity muscle strength, core stabilization, balance, functional movement capacity, sleep quality, and overall well-being in healthy adults. Participants with at least 6 months of routine outdoor horseback riding will be compared to non-riders to evaluate differences in physical performance and functional capacity. The study will provide evidence on the potential health benefits of horseback riding.
Read the detailed description
This observational study will include two groups: a horseback riding group (n=32) and a non-riding control group (n=32). Participants in the riding group must have engaged in outdoor horseback riding at least once per week for a minimum of 6 months. The control group will consist of healthy individuals who do not participate in regular physical activity. At baseline, all participants will undergo the following assessments: Demographic information Lower extremity muscle strength using a digital dynamometer Core stabilization (plank test) Functional movement screening (FMS) Balance assessment (Y-Balance Test Lower Quarter, Modified Functional Reach Test) Sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) Overall health-related quality of life (SF-36) Anxiety levels (Beck Anxiety Inventory) All procedures will be performed under standardized conditions with instructions and demonstrations provided to participants. Muscle strength and functional tests will follow established protocols including repetitions, rest intervals, and safety precautions. Balance assessments will be performed barefoot, and reach distances will be normalized for leg length. Data will be analyzed to compare the physical and functional performance, balance, core stabilization, and sleep quality between horseback riders and non-riders. The results will provide insights into the effects of outdoor horseback riding on physical health and functional capacity in healthy adults.
- Keywords
- Outdoor horseback riding, Sleep quality, Balance, Functional movement, Core stabilization, Lower extremity strength
- Medical subject headings
- Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Horseback Riders group | Horseback Riders: Adults aged 18-65 who have been riding horses outdoors regularly (at least once per week) for a minimum of 6 months. Participants will undergo assessments of lower extremity muscle strength, core stabilization, balance, functional movement, and sleep quality. No experimental interventions are assigned; participants continue their usual riding activities. | |
| Healthy group (Non-riders / Control Group) | Adults aged 18-65 who do not ride horses.Participants will undergo assessments of lower extremity muscle strength, core stabilization, balance, functional movement, and sleep quality. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Lower Extremity Muscle Strength
Lower extremity muscle strength assessments will be performed using a digital hand-held dynamometer. The force parameters were recorded in kilograms. Isometric muscle strength measurements will be carried out for the following muscle groups: Hip: Flexion, Extension, Abduction, and Adduction Knee: Flexion and Extension Ankle: Plantar flexion, Dorsiflexion For each muscle group, participants will be instructed to maintain maximum isometric muscle contractions that reach equilibrium against the counterforce applied by the researcher, while sustaining the test positions for approximately 3 seconds. Each movement will be performed three times, and the average of these three trials will be considered for evaluation. To minimize fatigue, a rest period of 30-60 seconds will be given between repetitions and 2 minutes between different tests.
Measured: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
Core Stabilization (Assessed using the plank test)
Participants will be asked to rise by supporting themselves on their elbows and hands, positioned at shoulder level on the mat, while also maintaining support on their toes. During the test, it will be expected that the spine and pelvis remain in a neutral position and that normal breathing is sustained. Participants will be required to maintain this position without descending to the mat, without experiencing pain, and without deviating more than 5 cm in their back, for up to a maximum of 3 minutes. The stopwatch will be started with the command "Start!" and stopped when one of the predetermined termination criteria occurs. The duration will be recorded in seconds, rounded to the nearest whole second.
Measured: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
Functional Movement Screen
FMS consists of seven test component which are used to evaluate various main movement models.Individuals completed one by one deep squat, high stepping, single line lunge, shoulder mobility, straight leg raises, trunk stability push-ups, rotation stability which are component tests. Subcomponent tests assess asymmetry by measuring the individual bilaterally. Each component test was scored on an ordinal scale (0 to 3 points), with a maximum score of 3, based on the quality of the movement. Less than 3 points indicated that the individual performed some form of compensation or was unable to complete the entire movement.. The scores of the component tests were summed, resulting in a composite score between 0 and 21 points, with a maximum score of 21
Measured: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
Y-Balance Test Score
YBT, which is performed in the standing position on one leg , is dynamic a test. Participants stood on the footplate in the centre of the Y Balance Test area and then, it was given instruction them that they should maintain a single leg stance while reaching as far as possible with the opposite leg and return to the starting position on the centre platform without losing balance.In the test, individuals were asked to reach the maximum distance in 3 directions (anterior, posteromedial and posterolateral), allowing 3 trials for each leg. The maximum reach distance was recorded for each consecutive trial
Measured: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
Modified Functional Reach Test (MFRT)
MFRT is a seated version of the original standing test and assesses the limits of balance. The participant sits on a chair with the hips, knees, and ankles flexed at 90 degrees, with the soles of the feet fully in contact with the floor. A horizontal ruler is mounted on the wall at the level of the acromion of the unaffected arm. The starting measurement is taken at the level of the fifth finger when the arm is extended forward at 90 degrees of flexion. The test is performed in three different positions, each consisting of three trials: 1. Reaching forward with the unaffected side facing the wall. 2. Bending to the right with the back against the wall. 3. Bending to the left with the back against the wall. Participants are asked to reach the maximum distance without rotating or touching the wall. After reaching, the position of the fifth finger is marked again, and the distance is measured in centimeters.
Measured: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) contains 19 self-rated questions which measures seven aspects of sleep: (1) subjective sleep quality, (2) sleep latency, (3) sleep duration, (4) habitual sleep efficiency, (5) sleep disturbances, (6) use of sleeping medication, and (7) daytime dysfunction. The 19 self-rated items are combined to form seven component scores, each of which has a range of 0-3 points (0 indicates no difficulty, while 3 indicates severe difficulty). The seven component scores are then summed to yield one global score, with a range of 0-21 points (0 indicating no difficulty, and 21 indicating severe difficulties in all the seven areas of sleep quality).
Measured: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) consists of 21 self-reported items (four-point scale ranging from 0 to 3. p.) used to assess the intensity of physical and cognitive anxiety symptoms during the past week. Scores may range from 0 to 63: minimal anxiety levels (0-7), mild anxiety (8-15), moderate anxiety (16-25), and severe anxiety (26-63).
Measured: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
Short Form 36 (SF-36)
Short Form 36 (SF-36) is a generic self-reported outcome measure that quantifies the quality of life in relation to health status. It is a 36-item valid and reliable evaluation with eight areas covering physical functioning, role limitations brought on by physical issues, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, role limitations brought on by emotional issues, and perceived mental health. The SF-36 also contains a single question called "health transition" that measures how respondents feel their over health status has changed over the course of a year. The scores range from 0-100 (the worst possible to the most possible)
Measured: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Dec 2025
- Study start30 Dec 2025
- Primary completion7 Apr 2026
- Study completion8 Apr 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sports Physical TherapyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istinye UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istinye University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07286864
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 25-109
- Status last verified
- Dec 2025
- First submitted
- 3 Dec 2025
- Last updated
- 9 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: At this time, there is no finalized plan to share individual participant data (IPD). Data may contain sensitive personal information, and sharing will require additional ethical approvals and anonymization. Decisions regarding data sharing will be made after the study is completed.
Publications
Uldahl M, Christensen JW, Clayton HM. Relationships between the Rider's Pelvic Mobility and Balance on a Gymnastic Ball with Equestrian Skills and Effects on Horse Welfare. Animals (Basel). 2021 Feb 9;11(2):453. doi: 10.3390/ani11020453.
PubMed 33572205Asgari M, Alizadeh S, Sendt A, Jaitner T. Evaluation of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in Identifying Active Females Who are Prone to Injury. A Systematic Review. Sports Med Open. 2021 Nov 22;7(1):85. doi: 10.1186/s40798-021-00380-0.
PubMed 34807359O'Connor FG, Deuster PA, Davis J, Pappas CG, Knapik JJ. Functional movement screening: predicting injuries in officer candidates. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Dec;43(12):2224-30. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318223522d.
PubMed 21606876Katz-Leurer M, Fisher I, Neeb M, Schwartz I, Carmeli E. Reliability and validity of the modified functional reach test at the sub-acute stage post-stroke. Disabil Rehabil. 2009;31(3):243-8. doi: 10.1080/09638280801927830.
PubMed 18608433Vazquez Morejon AJ, Vazquez-Morejon Jimenez R, Zanin GB. Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric characteristics in a sample from the clinical Spanish population. Span J Psychol. 2014 Oct 28;17:E76. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2014.76.
PubMed 26055653Demiral Y, Ergor G, Unal B, Semin S, Akvardar Y, Kivircik B, Alptekin K. Normative data and discriminative properties of short form 36 (SF-36) in Turkish urban population. BMC Public Health. 2006 Oct 9;6:247. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-247.
PubMed 17029646Sipe CL, Ramey KD, Plisky PP, Taylor JD. Y-Balance Test: A Valid and Reliable Assessment in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2019 Sep 1;27(5):663-669. doi: 10.1123/japa.2018-0330.
PubMed 30676192Garcia-Pena IM, Gomez AG, Guerrero-Barona E, Moreno-Manso JM, Barrios-Fernandez S. Physical Activity and Sleep Improvements in a Group of Equestrian Therapy Volunteers: A Pilot Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 30;2022:5364491. doi: 10.1155/2022/5364491. eCollection 2022.
PubMed 35399627Thompson Coon J, Boddy K, Stein K, Whear R, Barton J, Depledge MH. Does participating in physical activity in outdoor natural environments have a greater effect on physical and mental wellbeing than physical activity indoors? A systematic review. Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Mar 1;45(5):1761-72. doi: 10.1021/es102947t. Epub 2011 Feb 3.
PubMed 21291246Peddie L, Gosselin Boucher V, Buckler EJ, Noseworthy M, Haight BL, Pratt S, Injege B, Koehle M, Faulkner G, Puterman E. Acute effects of outdoor versus indoor exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2024 Dec;18(4):853-883. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2024.2383758. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
PubMed 39108077Elmeua Gonzalez M, Sarabon N. Muscle modes of the equestrian rider at walk, rising trot and canter. PLoS One. 2020 Aug 18;15(8):e0237727. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237727. eCollection 2020.
PubMed 32810165Bystrom A, Egenvall A, Eisersio M, Engell MT, Lykken S, Lundesjo Kvart S. The impact of teaching approach on horse and rider biomechanics during riding lessons. Heliyon. 2025 Jan 14;11(2):e41947. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41947. eCollection 2025 Jan 30.
PubMed 39906839Legg K, Cochrane D, Gee E, Macdermid P, Rogers C. Physiological Demands and Muscle Activity of Jockeys in Trial and Race Riding. Animals (Basel). 2022 Sep 8;12(18):2351. doi: 10.3390/ani12182351.
PubMed 36139208Kim MJ, Kim T, Oh S, Yoon B. Equine Exercise in Younger and Older Adults: Simulated Versus Real Horseback Riding. Percept Mot Skills. 2018 Feb;125(1):93-108. doi: 10.1177/0031512517736463. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
PubMed 29073822Yu CH, Kim UR, Kwon TK. Fundamental study of basal physical fitness and activities of daily living for the aged in relation to indoor horse riding exercise. Biomed Mater Eng. 2014;24(6):2407-15. doi: 10.3233/BME-141054.
PubMed 25226941
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Outdoor Horseback Riding on Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, Core Stabilization, Balance, Sleep Quality, and Functional Movement Capacity in Healthy Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07286864
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 25-109
- Keywords
- Outdoor horseback riding, Sleep quality, Balance, Functional movement, Core stabilization, Lower extremity strength
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istinye UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 30 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 7 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 8 Apr 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 16 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to investigate the effects of regular outdoor horseback riding on lower extremity muscle strength, core stabilization, balance, functional movement capacity, sleep quality, and overall well-being in healthy adults. Participants with at least 6 months of routine outdoor horseback riding will be compared to non-riders to evaluate differences in physical performance and functional capacity. The study will provide evidence on the potential health benefits of horseback riding.
Detailed description
This observational study will include two groups: a horseback riding group (n=32) and a non-riding control group (n=32). Participants in the riding group must have engaged in outdoor horseback riding at least once per week for a minimum of 6 months. The control group will consist of healthy individuals who do not participate in regular physical activity. At baseline, all participants will undergo the following assessments: Demographic information Lower extremity muscle strength using a digital dynamometer Core stabilization (plank test) Functional movement screening (FMS) Balance assessment (Y-Balance Test Lower Quarter, Modified Functional Reach Test) Sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) Overall health-related quality of life (SF-36) Anxiety levels (Beck Anxiety Inventory) All procedures will be performed under standardized conditions with instructions and demonstrations provided to participants. Muscle strength and functional tests will follow established protocols including repetitions, rest intervals, and safety precautions. Balance assessments will be performed barefoot, and reach distances will be normalized for leg length. Data will be analyzed to compare the physical and functional performance, balance, core stabilization, and sleep quality between horseback riders and non-riders. The results will provide insights into the effects of outdoor horseback riding on physical health and functional capacity in healthy adults.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Horseback Riders group | – | –Horseback Riders: Adults aged 18-65 who have been riding horses outdoors regularly (at least once per week) for a minimum of 6 months. Participants will undergo assessments of lower extremity muscle strength, core stabilization, balance, functional movement, and sleep quality. No experimental interventions are assigned; participants continue their usual riding activities. |
| Healthy group (Non-riders / Control Group) | – | –Adults aged 18-65 who do not ride horses.Participants will undergo assessments of lower extremity muscle strength, core stabilization, balance, functional movement, and sleep quality. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The study will include healthy adults aged 18-65 years. Participants will be divided into two groups: individuals who have been regularly practicing outdoor horseback riding for at least 6 months (minimum once per week) and individuals who do not participate in horseback riding or regular physical activity. All participants must be able to understand instructions, communicate effectively, and complete the study assessments.
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Age between 18 and 65 years. Regular outdoor horseback riding for at least 6 months (minimum once per week). Voluntary participation and signed informed consent. Healthy individuals without chronic musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or neurological diseases.
- Cognitive ability to understand instructions and communicate.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Any orthopedic, neurological, cardiovascular, or respiratory disease. Diagnosed sleep disorder, anxiety, depression, or other psychiatric conditions. Major surgery within the past 6 months. Pregnancy. Physical or cognitive conditions preventing completion of study protocols. Inability to comply with test procedures or cooperate during assessments.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Lower Extremity Muscle Strength
Time frame: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
Lower extremity muscle strength assessments will be performed using a digital hand-held dynamometer. The force parameters were recorded in kilograms. Isometric muscle strength measurements will be carried out for the following muscle groups: Hip: Flexion, Extension, Abduction, and Adduction Knee: Flexion and Extension Ankle: Plantar flexion, Dorsiflexion For each muscle group, participants will be instructed to maintain maximum isometric muscle contractions that reach equilibrium against the counterforce applied by the researcher, while sustaining the test positions for approximately 3 seconds. Each movement will be performed three times, and the average of these three trials will be considered for evaluation. To minimize fatigue, a rest period of 30-60 seconds will be given between repetitions and 2 minutes between different tests.
Core Stabilization (Assessed using the plank test)
Time frame: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
Participants will be asked to rise by supporting themselves on their elbows and hands, positioned at shoulder level on the mat, while also maintaining support on their toes. During the test, it will be expected that the spine and pelvis remain in a neutral position and that normal breathing is sustained. Participants will be required to maintain this position without descending to the mat, without experiencing pain, and without deviating more than 5 cm in their back, for up to a maximum of 3 minutes. The stopwatch will be started with the command "Start!" and stopped when one of the predetermined termination criteria occurs. The duration will be recorded in seconds, rounded to the nearest whole second.
Functional Movement Screen
Time frame: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
FMS consists of seven test component which are used to evaluate various main movement models.Individuals completed one by one deep squat, high stepping, single line lunge, shoulder mobility, straight leg raises, trunk stability push-ups, rotation stability which are component tests. Subcomponent tests assess asymmetry by measuring the individual bilaterally. Each component test was scored on an ordinal scale (0 to 3 points), with a maximum score of 3, based on the quality of the movement. Less than 3 points indicated that the individual performed some form of compensation or was unable to complete the entire movement.. The scores of the component tests were summed, resulting in a composite score between 0 and 21 points, with a maximum score of 21
Y-Balance Test Score
Time frame: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
YBT, which is performed in the standing position on one leg , is dynamic a test. Participants stood on the footplate in the centre of the Y Balance Test area and then, it was given instruction them that they should maintain a single leg stance while reaching as far as possible with the opposite leg and return to the starting position on the centre platform without losing balance.In the test, individuals were asked to reach the maximum distance in 3 directions (anterior, posteromedial and posterolateral), allowing 3 trials for each leg. The maximum reach distance was recorded for each consecutive trial
Modified Functional Reach Test (MFRT)
Time frame: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
MFRT is a seated version of the original standing test and assesses the limits of balance. The participant sits on a chair with the hips, knees, and ankles flexed at 90 degrees, with the soles of the feet fully in contact with the floor. A horizontal ruler is mounted on the wall at the level of the acromion of the unaffected arm. The starting measurement is taken at the level of the fifth finger when the arm is extended forward at 90 degrees of flexion. The test is performed in three different positions, each consisting of three trials: 1. Reaching forward with the unaffected side facing the wall. 2. Bending to the right with the back against the wall. 3. Bending to the left with the back against the wall. Participants are asked to reach the maximum distance without rotating or touching the wall. After reaching, the position of the fifth finger is marked again, and the distance is measured in centimeters.
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Time frame: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) contains 19 self-rated questions which measures seven aspects of sleep: (1) subjective sleep quality, (2) sleep latency, (3) sleep duration, (4) habitual sleep efficiency, (5) sleep disturbances, (6) use of sleeping medication, and (7) daytime dysfunction. The 19 self-rated items are combined to form seven component scores, each of which has a range of 0-3 points (0 indicates no difficulty, while 3 indicates severe difficulty). The seven component scores are then summed to yield one global score, with a range of 0-21 points (0 indicating no difficulty, and 21 indicating severe difficulties in all the seven areas of sleep quality).
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)
Time frame: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) consists of 21 self-reported items (four-point scale ranging from 0 to 3. p.) used to assess the intensity of physical and cognitive anxiety symptoms during the past week. Scores may range from 0 to 63: minimal anxiety levels (0-7), mild anxiety (8-15), moderate anxiety (16-25), and severe anxiety (26-63).
Short Form 36 (SF-36)
Time frame: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)
Short Form 36 (SF-36) is a generic self-reported outcome measure that quantifies the quality of life in relation to health status. It is a 36-item valid and reliable evaluation with eight areas covering physical functioning, role limitations brought on by physical issues, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, role limitations brought on by emotional issues, and perceived mental health. The SF-36 also contains a single question called "health transition" that measures how respondents feel their over health status has changed over the course of a year. The scores range from 0-100 (the worst possible to the most possible)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Apr 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 33572205Uldahl M, Christensen JW, Clayton HM. Relationships between the Rider's Pelvic Mobility and Balance on a Gymnastic Ball with Equestrian Skills and Effects on Horse Welfare. Animals (Basel). 2021 Feb 9;11(2):453. doi: 10.3390/ani11020453.
- Results publication: PubMed 34807359Asgari M, Alizadeh S, Sendt A, Jaitner T. Evaluation of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in Identifying Active Females Who are Prone to Injury. A Systematic Review. Sports Med Open. 2021 Nov 22;7(1):85. doi: 10.1186/s40798-021-00380-0.
- Results publication: PubMed 21606876O'Connor FG, Deuster PA, Davis J, Pappas CG, Knapik JJ. Functional movement screening: predicting injuries in officer candidates. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Dec;43(12):2224-30. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318223522d.
- Results publication: PubMed 18608433Katz-Leurer M, Fisher I, Neeb M, Schwartz I, Carmeli E. Reliability and validity of the modified functional reach test at the sub-acute stage post-stroke. Disabil Rehabil. 2009;31(3):243-8. doi: 10.1080/09638280801927830.
- Results publication: PubMed 26055653Vazquez Morejon AJ, Vazquez-Morejon Jimenez R, Zanin GB. Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric characteristics in a sample from the clinical Spanish population. Span J Psychol. 2014 Oct 28;17:E76. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2014.76.
- Results publication: PubMed 17029646Demiral Y, Ergor G, Unal B, Semin S, Akvardar Y, Kivircik B, Alptekin K. Normative data and discriminative properties of short form 36 (SF-36) in Turkish urban population. BMC Public Health. 2006 Oct 9;6:247. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-247.
- Results publication: PubMed 30676192Sipe CL, Ramey KD, Plisky PP, Taylor JD. Y-Balance Test: A Valid and Reliable Assessment in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2019 Sep 1;27(5):663-669. doi: 10.1123/japa.2018-0330.
- Results publication: PubMed 35399627Garcia-Pena IM, Gomez AG, Guerrero-Barona E, Moreno-Manso JM, Barrios-Fernandez S. Physical Activity and Sleep Improvements in a Group of Equestrian Therapy Volunteers: A Pilot Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 30;2022:5364491. doi: 10.1155/2022/5364491. eCollection 2022.
- Results publication: PubMed 21291246Thompson Coon J, Boddy K, Stein K, Whear R, Barton J, Depledge MH. Does participating in physical activity in outdoor natural environments have a greater effect on physical and mental wellbeing than physical activity indoors? A systematic review. Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Mar 1;45(5):1761-72. doi: 10.1021/es102947t. Epub 2011 Feb 3.
- Results publication: PubMed 39108077Peddie L, Gosselin Boucher V, Buckler EJ, Noseworthy M, Haight BL, Pratt S, Injege B, Koehle M, Faulkner G, Puterman E. Acute effects of outdoor versus indoor exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2024 Dec;18(4):853-883. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2024.2383758. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
- Results publication: PubMed 32810165Elmeua Gonzalez M, Sarabon N. Muscle modes of the equestrian rider at walk, rising trot and canter. PLoS One. 2020 Aug 18;15(8):e0237727. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237727. eCollection 2020.
- Results publication: PubMed 39906839Bystrom A, Egenvall A, Eisersio M, Engell MT, Lykken S, Lundesjo Kvart S. The impact of teaching approach on horse and rider biomechanics during riding lessons. Heliyon. 2025 Jan 14;11(2):e41947. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41947. eCollection 2025 Jan 30.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. At this time, there is no finalized plan to share individual participant data (IPD). Data may contain sensitive personal information, and sharing will require additional ethical approvals and anonymization. Decisions regarding data sharing will be made after the study is completed.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
3 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Sports Physical Therapy and Physical Functional Performance, run by Istinye University at 3 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 3 sites in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Lower Extremity Muscle Strength (time frame: Single assessment during study visit (1 day)). The study lists 8 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07286864, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Apr 2026.