Detention Under the Mental Health ActACDINCT07284368
Advance Choice Document Implementation
An observational study of Detention Under the Mental Health Act, run by King's College London at 1 site in United Kingdom.
Trial summary
Advance Choice Documents (ACDs) are statements of preferences for mental health care and treatment made when service users have capacity to do so. This is done with their care team and others as desired, e.g. carers/supporters or advocates. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Detention Under the Mental Health Act
- What is being tested?
- Advance Choice Document Implementation
- How many people
- 374 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited Kingdom
- Study dates
- 29 Sep 2025to 31 Mar 2027
- How long will I take part?
- 18 Months
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Study population: People with severe mental Illnesses
Who may be able to join
- WP1: Focus Groups Service users-Young people Aged ≥ 16 Experienced detention under the MHA while in the care of CAMHS Currently under the care of community mental health services (CAMHS / EI / CMHT)
- Older adults
- Experienced detention under the MHA while under services for Older Adults
- Currently under the care of older adult community mental health services
- Carers / Informal supporters Aged ≥ 16 years A relative or friend of a service user who is eligible for the study
- Professionals Professional potentially involved in supporting the completion of ACDs (i.e., community mental health team (CMHT) staff, advocates, peer workers) SLaM professionals potentially involved in referring to ACDs (i.e., inpatient and emergency department liaison mental health staff, home treatment, place of safety and street triage staff) Approved mental health professionals (AMHPs) and Section 12 (MHA) approved doctors involved in detention.
Show all 27Show fewer
- Ambulance, prison mental health and Emergency Department staff General Practitioners, including mental health leads, or other primary care professionals who care for people with SMI discharged from secondary services
- WP 2: Prospective study of ACD completion and use Service users All service users: accepted referral to an ACD facilitator for ACD creation Young people
- Aged ≥ 16
- Experienced detention under the MHA while in the care of CAMHS
- Currently under the care of community mental health services (CAMHS / EI / CMHT/)
- Accepted referral to an ACD facilitator for ACD creation; including participants who decline to complete and ACD after referral to an ACD facilitator.
- Older adults
- Experienced detention under the MHA while under services for Older Adults
- Currently under the care of older adult community mental health services
- accepted referral to an ACD facilitator for ACD creation
- General Adult:
- Aged ≥ 18 years
- Previously detained under the MHA
- Under the care of community mental health services (CMHT or EI)
- Forensic
- Aged ≥ 18 years
- Experience detention under the MHA into forensic services
- Currently under the care of forensic mental health services
- Carers: relative or friend of someone referred to an ACD facilitator
- Professionals: SLaM staff involved in the care of a participant with an ACD whose ACD is expected to have been consulted because they were: involved in a transfer of care, placed in zoning, referred for a MHA assessment or to a home treatment team, attended an Emergency Department or Place of Safety, admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit or imprisoned.
- The interviews conducted with service users and staff after the expected use event will also include questions about satisfaction with and perceived value of the process of completing, distributing, accessing, honouring, and reviewing an ACD.
Who cannot join
- Service users Aged under 16 years Lacking capacity to provide consent and/or is unwilling to do so Currently detained under the MHA in psychiatric hospital Currently under the care of eating disorder services
- Carers/informal supporters Aged under 16 years Is not a relative or friend of a service user who is eligible for the study
- Professionals Is not a mental health professional or Section 12 (MHA) approved doctor Is not a professional involved in supporting the completion of ACDs Is not a General Practitioner or mental health lead caring for people with SMI discharged from secondary services.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United Kingdom1 site
South London and Maudsley/Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience-King's College London
London, SE5 8AZ
About this study
Advance Choice Documents (ACDs) are statements of preferences for mental health care and treatment made when service users have capacity to do so. This is done with their care team and others as desired, e.g. carers/supporters or advocates. In addition to improving therapeutic relationships, ACDs have been shown to reduce compulsory psychiatric admissions by 25%.
South London and Maudsley is currently implementing ACDs into routine practice across its services and the Advance Choice Document Implementation (ACDI) project, run by researchers at King's College London, is supporting the development of related resources and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation. Advisory groups will also guide the study approach throughout.
Read more
The project comprises four work packages. Work Package 1 involves focus groups with stakeholders (service users, carers, staff) to inform implementation for Older Adults and CAMHS services. This is to understand the barriers and facilitators for ACD implementation in these services; and learn what adaptations are needed to the ACD resources and procedures for use in these services
Work Package 2 is a prospective study of ACD completion and use throughout all directorates. This will comprise interviews with service users after ACD creation and after an event where the ACD is expected to have been used; interviews with their care-team during expected use events; and interviews/focus groups with staff facilitating the creation of ACDs to understand the integration of their role in SLaM.
Work Package 3 is a retrospective study examining the impact of ACD creation on health service use and routinely collected outcomes. Work Package 4 is a prospective study of ACD use and its relationship to ACD content. Work Packages 3 and 4 will use de-identified data collected via South London an Maudsley's Clinical Records Interactive search System (CRIS).
For more information on ACDI, the people involved, and related publications, please visit: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/research/acdi
- Conditions
- Detention Under the Mental Health Act
- Being tested
- Advance Choice Document Implementation
- Keywords
- Advance Statements, Advance Choice Documents, Psychiatric Advance Directives, Mental Health Act, Involuntary hospitalisation, Coercion, Detention rates
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Advance Choice Document ImplementationOther
Creation and application of Advance Choice Documents
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| ACD holders | service users with a history of detention under the Mental Health Act that create Advance Choice Documents Receives: Other: Advance Choice Document Implementation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Number of admissions under the Mental Health Act sections 2, 3, 135 and and associated bed days
Mental Health Act sections Section 2, 3, 135 and 136 are a means to detain someone in a psychiatric facility, in England and Wales.
Evaluation will be done over different follow-up periods and include participants admitted under all Sections of the Mental Health Act and associated bed-days, compared to number of participants admitted voluntarily (non-Mental Health Act) and associated bed-days.
Measured: 18 months
Secondary outcomes (10)
Number of Home Treatment Team events
The number of Home Treatment Team events and days spent under the care of Home Treatment Teams will be assessed for participants with advance choice documents and those without advance choice documents
Measured: 18 months
Number of events of acute mental health and emergency service use
The number of events use of acute mental health and emergency services will be evaluated for participants with advance choice documents compared to those without advance choice documents
Measured: 18
Rates of restraint
The number of events where restraint is used will be evaluated for participants advance choice documents compared to participants without advance choice documents, across each follow-up period. As these events are not recorded in structured fields, free-text entries will be searched to identify all events containing the words: Restrained' and/or 'restraint'
Measured: 18
Number of days spent in seclusion
The number of days spent in seclusion will be evaluated for participants with advance choice documents compared to those without advance choice documents. As these events are not recorded in structured fields, free-text entries will be searched to identify all events containing the words 'Seclusion' and 'supervised confinement'
Measured: 18 months
Number of events of involuntary medication
The number of events where involuntary medication is used will be evaluated for participants advance choice documents compared to those without advance choice documents
Measured: 18 months
Number of safety events recorded (violence, self-harm, consequences of self-neglect and other serious untoward incidents)
The number of safety events recorded will be evaluated for participants with advance choice documents compared to those without advance choice documents
Measured: 18 months
Number of events of contact with police related to use of mental health services
The number of events of contact with police related to use of mental health services will be evaluated for participants with advance choice documents compared to those without advance choice documents
Measured: 18 months
Number of events of General health service use
General health service use will be measured through data linkage with Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). These data will be obtained at a national level for all service users. Physical health service use outcomes will include: inpatient admissions and associated bed days (this will include Healthcare Resource Group codes, associated primary and secondary diagnostic codes, admission category, and treatment specialty code), Emergency Department (ED) attendances (this will include Healthcare Resource Group codes, diagnosis classifications, investigations codes, treatment codes, arrival mode, and attendance disposal codes), and outpatient appointments (this will include appointment information such as first appointment. We will extract routinely collected outcomes such as the Health of the Nations Outcomes Scales (HoNOS)
Measured: 18 months
Number of community mental health team events
Number of community mental health team events will be evaluated for participants with advance choice documents compared to those without advance choice documents.
Measured: 18 months
Number of psychiatric liaison team events (in emergency departments)
The number of psychiatric liaison team events will be evaluated for participants with advance choice documents and those without. The number of events will be requested for all follow-up periods within 18 months. (ie participants will have varying follow-up periods)
Measured: 18 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 Dec 2025
- Study start29 Sep 2025
- Primary completion31 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Mar 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Detention Under the Mental Health ActStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Other
- Enrolment
- 374 participants (estimated)
- Target duration
- 18 Months
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- King's College London
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07284368
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- R&D2025/062
- Other IDs
- 2946
- Acronym
- ACDI
- Status last verified
- Oct 2025
- First submitted
- 13 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 16 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual Participant Data will not be publicly available due to risk of reidentification.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Advance Choice Document Implementation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07284368
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ACDI / R&D2025/062
- Conditions
- Detention Under the Mental Health Act
- Keywords
- Advance Statements, Advance Choice Documents, Psychiatric Advance Directives, Mental Health Act, Involuntary hospitalisation, Coercion, Detention rates
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Enrolling by invitation
- Enrolment
- 374 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- King's College LondonUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
- Study start
- 29 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Mar 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 16 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Advance Choice Documents (ACDs) are statements of preferences for mental health care and treatment made when service users have capacity to do so. This is done with their care team and others as desired, e.g. carers/supporters or advocates. In addition to improving therapeutic relationships, ACDs have been shown to reduce compulsory psychiatric admissions by 25%.
South London and Maudsley is currently implementing ACDs into routine practice across its services and the Advance Choice Document Implementation (ACDI) project, run by researchers at King's College London, is supporting the development of related resources and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation. Advisory groups will also guide the study approach throughout.
The project comprises four work packages. Work Package 1 involves focus groups with stakeholders (service users, carers, staff) to inform implementation for Older Adults and CAMHS services. This is to understand the barriers and facilitators for ACD implementation in these services; and learn what adaptations are needed to the ACD resources and procedures for use in these services
Work Package 2 is a prospective study of ACD completion and use throughout all directorates. This will comprise interviews with service users after ACD creation and after an event where the ACD is expected to have been used; interviews with their care-team during expected use events; and interviews/focus groups with staff facilitating the creation of ACDs to understand the integration of their role in SLaM.
Work Package 3 is a retrospective study examining the impact of ACD creation on health service use and routinely collected outcomes. Work Package 4 is a prospective study of ACD use and its relationship to ACD content. Work Packages 3 and 4 will use de-identified data collected via South London an Maudsley's Clinical Records Interactive search System (CRIS).
For more information on ACDI, the people involved, and related publications, please visit: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/research/acdi
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Other
- Target follow-up
- 18 Months
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| ACD holders | – | Other: Advance Choice Document Implementationservice users with a history of detention under the Mental Health Act that create Advance Choice Documents |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- People with severe mental Illnesses
Key inclusion criteria (27 listed)
- WP1: Focus Groups Service users-Young people Aged ≥ 16 Experienced detention under the MHA while in the care of CAMHS Currently under the care of community mental health services (CAMHS / EI / CMHT)
- Older adults
- Experienced detention under the MHA while under services for Older Adults
- Currently under the care of older adult community mental health services
- Carers / Informal supporters Aged ≥ 16 years A relative or friend of a service user who is eligible for the study
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Service users Aged under 16 years Lacking capacity to provide consent and/or is unwilling to do so Currently detained under the MHA in psychiatric hospital Currently under the care of eating disorder services
- Carers/informal supporters Aged under 16 years Is not a relative or friend of a service user who is eligible for the study
- Professionals Is not a mental health professional or Section 12 (MHA) approved doctor Is not a professional involved in supporting the completion of ACDs Is not a General Practitioner or mental health lead caring for people with SMI discharged from secondary services.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Advance Choice Document ImplementationCreation and application of Advance Choice Documents | Other | ACD holders |
Primary outcome
Number of admissions under the Mental Health Act sections 2, 3, 135 and and associated bed days
Time frame: 18 months
Mental Health Act sections Section 2, 3, 135 and 136 are a means to detain someone in a psychiatric facility, in England and Wales. Evaluation will be done over different follow-up periods and include participants admitted under all Sections of the Mental Health Act and associated bed-days, compared to number of participants admitted voluntarily (non-Mental Health Act) and associated bed-days.
10 secondary outcomes
Number of Home Treatment Team events
Time frame: 18 months
Number of events of acute mental health and emergency service use
Time frame: 18
Rates of restraint
Time frame: 18
Number of days spent in seclusion
Time frame: 18 months
Number of events of involuntary medication
Time frame: 18 months
Number of safety events recorded (violence, self-harm, consequences of self-neglect and other serious untoward incidents)
Time frame: 18 months
Number of events of contact with police related to use of mental health services
Time frame: 18 months
Number of events of General health service use
Time frame: 18 months
Number of community mental health team events
Time frame: 18 months
Number of psychiatric liaison team events (in emergency departments)
Time frame: 18 months
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Dec 2025.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual Participant Data will not be publicly available due to risk of reidentification.
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Detention Under the Mental Health Act, run by King's College London at 1 site in United Kingdom.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 27 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: enrolling by invitation, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Number of admissions under the Mental Health Act sections 2, 3, 135 and and associated bed days (time frame: 18 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Dec 2025.