Drug Craving Levels Among Individuals With Substance AddictionNCT07279246
The Effects of Exercise and Music Combination on Drug Cravings, Depression and Self-Efficacy Among Drug Addicts
A study testing Sports group, Exercise combined with fast-paced music group and Exercise combined with slow-tempo music group in people with Drug Craving Levels Among Individuals With Substance Addiction and Depression Levels Among Individuals With Substance Addiction, run by WEIPENG DUAN at 1 site in Malaysia.
Trial summary
This study focuses on the rehabilitation of drug addicts by combining exercise and music, to find out whether exercise and exercise combined with music of different rhythms will have an improvement for drug addicts. 1. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Drug Craving Levels Among Individuals With Substance Addiction, Depression Levels Among Individuals With Substance Addiction, Self-efficacy Among Individuals With Substance Addiction
- What is being tested?
- Sports group, Exercise combined with fast-paced music group and Exercise combined with slow-tempo music group
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 92 participants
- Where
- 1 siteMalaysia
- Study dates
- 15 Mar 2024to 1 Oct 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Drug-addicted individuals aged 18 years or older.
- Confirmed diagnosis of drug addiction through testing and currently undergoing compulsory drug rehabilitation treatment at a compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre in China.
- Educational attainment of primary school level or above and capable of independently completing questionnaires.
- No prior occupational experience in sports or music-related fields.
Who cannot join
- Less than six months remaining in the educational phase of compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation.
- Presence of other severe drug addiction-related complications, such as infectious diseases (e.g., HIV/AIDS), severe cardiovascular or respiratory system diseases.
- Presence of other conditions that may impair hearing or motor function, such as hearing impairments or medical contraindications for physical activity due to other health conditions.
- Refusal to participate in this experimental study or refusal to sign the informed consent form.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
This study focuses on the rehabilitation of drug addicts by combining exercise and music, to find out whether exercise and exercise combined with music of different rhythms will have an improvement for drug addicts.
- What are the Chinese translated versions of the Basic Depression Questionnaire (CBD), the Mann Craving Scale (MaCS), the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS SR-16), and the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSES)?
- Based on confirmatory factor analysis, are the Chinese versions of the CBD, MaCS, QIDS SR-16, and NGSES valid and reliable?
- Is the concurrent validity of the translated versions of the CBD and MaCS supported when compared to the Chinese versions of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS SR-16) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively?
- Which exercise programs, fast-paced music, and slow-paced music are suitable for drug addicts?
- is there an effect of exercise and music therapy on drug craving, depression, and self-efficacy in drug addicts (time, group, and interaction)? The researchers divided the participants into four groups: a control group; an exercise group; an exercise combined with a tempo group; and an exercise combined with a slow tempo group.
- Scientific physical activity at a fixed time each week for 6 months
- Conducted questionnaires and addiction level tests between each month
- Record their emotional status and addiction level.
- Conditions
- Drug Craving Levels Among Individuals With Substance Addiction, Depression Levels Among Individuals With Substance Addiction, Self-efficacy Among Individuals With Substance Addiction
- Being tested
- Sports group, Exercise combined with fast-paced music group, Exercise combined with slow-tempo music group
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Sports groupBehavioural
The intervention groups in the experiment comprised three main categories: an exercise-only group, an exercise-combined-with-fast-paced-music group, and an exercise-combined-with-slow-music group. Participants engaged in activities mandated by the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre, while researchers administered three distinct treatment protocols to the subjects.
Exercise combined with fast-paced music groupBehavioural
Participate in the standard activities required at the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre, whilst researchers will supplement the treatment regimen for subjects with exercise combined with fast-paced music.
Exercise combined with slow-tempo music groupBehavioural
Participants will engage in standard activities required at the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre, whilst researchers will supplement the treatment regimen with exercise combined with slow-tempo music.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Sports group | Experimental | Participants shall engage in the standard activities required at the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre, whilst researchers will supplement the subjects' regimen with an exercise therapy programme. Receives: Behavioral: Sports group; Behavioral: Exercise combined with fast-paced music group; Behavioral: Exercise combined with slow-tempo music group |
| Exercise combined with fast-paced music group | Experimental | Participate in the standard activities required at the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre, whilst researchers will supplement the treatment regimen for subjects with exercise combined with fast-paced music. Receives: Behavioral: Sports group; Behavioral: Exercise combined with fast-paced music group; Behavioral: Exercise combined with slow-tempo music group |
| Exercise combined with slow-tempo music group | Experimental | Participants will engage in standard activities required at the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre, whilst researchers will supplement the treatment regimen with exercise combined with slow-tempo music. Receives: Behavioral: Sports group; Behavioral: Exercise combined with fast-paced music group; Behavioral: Exercise combined with slow-tempo music group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Depression
Depression serves as the single core indicator under investigation, assessed via two independent scales: ① the Common Depression Questionnaire (CBD), and ② the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR16).
Both scales measure participants' depressive states, yet results will be presented and analysed separately to enhance the reliability and stability of depression symptom assessment.
The CBD scores range from 0 to 63 points, with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression. Scores are categorised as follows: no depression (0 to 19); mild depression (20 to 29); moderate depression (30 to 39); and severe depression (40 or more).
The QIDS-SR16 ranges from 0-27 points, with higher scores indicating greater depression severity.1-5 points: no depression; 6-10 points: mild depression;11-15 points: moderate depression; 16-20 points: severe depression; 21-27 points: very severe depression.
Measured: Indicator measurements were taken from the commencement of the experiment until its conclusion, with one measurement taken prior to the experiment and subsequent monthly measurements every month thereafter, totalling seven measurements over the six-month
Drug Craving
This study employed the Mannheim Craving Scale (MaCS) German version and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to assess participants' drug craving levels. Both instruments measure the same core indicator, "drug craving level", but were recorded and analysed as independent measurement tools to enhance measurement reliability and reflect the breadth of the dimension.
- MaCS (German version) is a graded rating scale (scoring range: 0-48 points, with higher scores indicating stronger craving)
- VAS visual analogue scoring employs a 0-10 cm quantitative scale, where 0 denotes complete absence of craving and 10 denotes extremely strong craving
Measurement timepoints: One baseline measurement prior to the experiment, followed by monthly measurements during the experiment, totalling seven measurements over six months.
Measured: Indicator measurements were taken from the commencement of the experiment until its conclusion, with one measurement taken prior to the experiment and subsequent monthly measurements every month thereafter, totalling seven measurements over the six-month
Self-Efficacy
Self-efficacy will be evaluated using the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSES).
The NGSES is a Likert-type scale with a total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater perceived self-efficacy.
Measured: Measurements were taken from the commencement of the experiment until its conclusion, with one measurement prior to the experiment and one monthly thereafter, totalling seven measurements over the six-month experimental period.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Dec 2025
- Study start15 Mar 2024
- Primary completion15 Sep 2024
- Study completion1 Oct 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Drug Craving Levels Among Individuals With Substance AddictionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 92 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- WEIPENG DUAN
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, WEIPENG DUAN, Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Investigators
- Garry Kuan, Study chair, Universiti Sains Malaysiaweipeng duan, Principal investigator, Universiti Sains Malaysia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07279246
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- USM/JEPeM/KK/23010064
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 13 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 12 Dec 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Dec 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effects of Exercise and Music Combination on Drug Cravings, Depression and Self-Efficacy Among Drug Addicts
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07279246
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- USM/JEPeM/KK/23010064
- Conditions
- Drug Craving Levels Among Individuals With Substance Addiction, Depression Levels Among Individuals With Substance Addiction, Self-efficacy Among Individuals With Substance Addiction
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 92 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- WEIPENG DUANUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Oct 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study focuses on the rehabilitation of drug addicts by combining exercise and music, to find out whether exercise and exercise combined with music of different rhythms will have an improvement for drug addicts.
- What are the Chinese translated versions of the Basic Depression Questionnaire (CBD), the Mann Craving Scale (MaCS), the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS SR-16), and the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSES)?
- Based on confirmatory factor analysis, are the Chinese versions of the CBD, MaCS, QIDS SR-16, and NGSES valid and reliable?
- Is the concurrent validity of the translated versions of the CBD and MaCS supported when compared to the Chinese versions of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS SR-16) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively?
- Which exercise programs, fast-paced music, and slow-paced music are suitable for drug addicts?
- is there an effect of exercise and music therapy on drug craving, depression, and self-efficacy in drug addicts (time, group, and interaction)? The researchers divided the participants into four groups: a control group; an exercise group; an exercise combined with a tempo group; and an exercise combined with a slow tempo group.
- Scientific physical activity at a fixed time each week for 6 months
- Conducted questionnaires and addiction level tests between each month
- Record their emotional status and addiction level.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Sports group | Experimental | Behavioral: Sports group, Behavioral: Exercise combined with fast-paced music group, Behavioral: Exercise combined with slow-tempo music groupParticipants shall engage in the standard activities required at the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre, whilst researchers will supplement the subjects' regimen with an exercise therapy programme. |
| Exercise combined with fast-paced music group | Experimental | Behavioral: Sports group, Behavioral: Exercise combined with fast-paced music group, Behavioral: Exercise combined with slow-tempo music groupParticipate in the standard activities required at the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre, whilst researchers will supplement the treatment regimen for subjects with exercise combined with fast-paced music. |
| Exercise combined with slow-tempo music group | Experimental | Behavioral: Sports group, Behavioral: Exercise combined with fast-paced music group, Behavioral: Exercise combined with slow-tempo music groupParticipants will engage in standard activities required at the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre, whilst researchers will supplement the treatment regimen with exercise combined with slow-tempo music. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Drug-addicted individuals aged 18 years or older.
- Confirmed diagnosis of drug addiction through testing and currently undergoing compulsory drug rehabilitation treatment at a compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre in China.
- Educational attainment of primary school level or above and capable of independently completing questionnaires.
- No prior occupational experience in sports or music-related fields.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Less than six months remaining in the educational phase of compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation.
- Presence of other severe drug addiction-related complications, such as infectious diseases (e.g., HIV/AIDS), severe cardiovascular or respiratory system diseases.
- Presence of other conditions that may impair hearing or motor function, such as hearing impairments or medical contraindications for physical activity due to other health conditions.
- Refusal to participate in this experimental study or refusal to sign the informed consent form.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Sports groupThe intervention groups in the experiment comprised three main categories: an exercise-only group, an exercise-combined-with-fast-paced-music group, and an exercise-combined-with-slow-music group. Participants engaged in activities mandated by the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre, while researchers administered three distinct treatment protocols to the subjects. | Behavioural | Exercise combined with fast-paced music group, Exercise combined with slow-tempo music group, Sports group |
| Exercise combined with fast-paced music groupParticipate in the standard activities required at the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre, whilst researchers will supplement the treatment regimen for subjects with exercise combined with fast-paced music. | Behavioural | Exercise combined with fast-paced music group, Exercise combined with slow-tempo music group, Sports group |
| Exercise combined with slow-tempo music groupParticipants will engage in standard activities required at the compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centre, whilst researchers will supplement the treatment regimen with exercise combined with slow-tempo music. | Behavioural | Exercise combined with fast-paced music group, Exercise combined with slow-tempo music group, Sports group |
Primary outcome
Depression
Time frame: Indicator measurements were taken from the commencement of the experiment until its conclusion, with one measurement taken prior to the experiment and subsequent monthly measurements every month thereafter, totalling seven measurements over the six-month
Depression serves as the single core indicator under investigation, assessed via two independent scales: ① the Common Depression Questionnaire (CBD), and ② the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR16). Both scales measure participants' depressive states, yet results will be presented and analysed separately to enhance the reliability and stability of depression symptom assessment. The CBD scores range from 0 to 63 points, with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression. Scores are categorised as follows: no depression (0 to 19); mild depression (20 to 29); moderate depression (30 to 39); and severe depression (40 or more). The QIDS-SR16 ranges from 0-27 points, with higher scores indicating greater depression severity.1-5 points: no depression; 6-10 points: mild depression;11-15 points: moderate depression; 16-20 points: severe depression; 21-27 points: very severe depression.
Drug Craving
Time frame: Indicator measurements were taken from the commencement of the experiment until its conclusion, with one measurement taken prior to the experiment and subsequent monthly measurements every month thereafter, totalling seven measurements over the six-month
This study employed the Mannheim Craving Scale (MaCS) German version and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to assess participants' drug craving levels. Both instruments measure the same core indicator, "drug craving level", but were recorded and analysed as independent measurement tools to enhance measurement reliability and reflect the breadth of the dimension. * MaCS (German version) is a graded rating scale (scoring range: 0-48 points, with higher scores indicating stronger craving) * VAS visual analogue scoring employs a 0-10 cm quantitative scale, where 0 denotes complete absence of craving and 10 denotes extremely strong craving Measurement timepoints: One baseline measurement prior to the experiment, followed by monthly measurements during the experiment, totalling seven measurements over six months.
Self-Efficacy
Time frame: Measurements were taken from the commencement of the experiment until its conclusion, with one measurement prior to the experiment and one monthly thereafter, totalling seven measurements over the six-month experimental period.
Self-efficacy will be evaluated using the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSES). The NGSES is a Likert-type scale with a total scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater perceived self-efficacy.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Dec 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Garry Kuan study chair
Universiti Sains Malaysia
weipeng duan principal investigator
Universiti Sains Malaysia
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Sports group, Exercise combined with fast-paced music group and Exercise combined with slow-tempo music group in people with Drug Craving Levels Among Individuals With Substance Addiction and Depression Levels Among Individuals With Substance Addiction, run by WEIPENG DUAN at 1 site in Malaysia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Malaysia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Depression (time frame: Indicator measurements were taken from the commencement of the experiment until its conclusion, with one measurement taken prior to the experiment and subsequent monthly measurements every month thereafter, totalling seven measurements over the six-month). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Dec 2025.