Children, AdultNCT07248475
Effects of Battle Rope Training on ROM and Pain in Children With Post Traumatic Elbow Contractures.
A study testing Battle Rope Training and Stretching and Heat Therapy in people with Children, Adult, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of battle rope training in improving ROM, reducing pain, and enhancing overall elbow function in children with post-traumatic elbow contracture. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 8 to 15 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Children, Adult
- What is being tested?
- Battle Rope Training and Stretching and Heat Therapy
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 42 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 29 Oct 2025to 30 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 8 to 15 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Age 8 to 15
- Children Suffering from Post-Traumatic Elbow Contracture
- Written informed consent obtained from the parents or guardians
- Participants must report a pain level of at least 3 on a visual analog scale (VAS)
- Children must be able to follow instructions and participate in physical activities.
- Children without any other co-existing illness like Burn Contractures
- Either gender will be included
Who cannot join
- Post Traumatic Contracture other than Elbow region
- Known allergies to materials used in battle rope training.
- Children who are unable to commit to the training schedule or follow-up assessments.
- Use of medications that may affect pain perception or muscle function, such as opioids or muscle relaxants.
- Burn Contracture.
- Presence of other significant musculoskeletal disorders or neurological conditions affecting the elbow.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Pakistan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Imran Amjad
Lahore, Punjab Province, 5400
Muhmmad Asif Javed, MS, 033224209422, a.javed@ripah.edu.pk
Azlfa Karim, MS*, 03044333145, azlfakarim1@gmail.com
About this study
The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of battle rope training in improving ROM, reducing pain, and enhancing overall elbow function in children with post-traumatic elbow contracture. By comparing standard therapy alone to standard therapy plus battle rope training, the study aims to determine if this added intervention leads to greater improvements in functional mobility and pain relief.In this randomized controlled trial, participants will be divided into two groups: a control group, receiving standard treatment (ROM exercises, stretching, and heat therapy), and an intervention group, receiving the same standard treatment plus battle rope training. ROM exercises and stretching will focus on gentle elbow flexion and extension to enhance flexibility, while heat therapy will prepare muscles for movement.
The intervention group will additionally perform 10-15 minutes of battle rope training, involving dynamic movements that engage the upper body and increase joint activation. Pre- and post-intervention assessments using a goniometer for ROM, the Flynn scoring system for functional and cosmetic outcomes, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain will provide comprehensive data on the effectiveness of the intervention
Read the detailed description
Post-traumatic elbow contracture is a common condition in children following elbow injuries, leading to restricted range of motion (ROM), pain, and reduced arm function. Standard treatments often include stretching, heat therapy, and ROM exercises to improve joint mobility and reduce discomfort. However, new approaches such as battle rope training, which is typically used for dynamic strength and endurance, may provide additional benefits by engaging upper body muscles and enhancing functional movement in children with contractures. This study explores whether incorporating battle rope training into a standard rehabilitation program can yield better outcomes than traditional therapy alone.
The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of battle rope training in improving ROM, reducing pain, and enhancing overall elbow function in children with post-traumatic elbow contracture. By comparing standard therapy alone to standard therapy plus battle rope training, the study aims to determine if this added intervention leads to greater improvements in functional mobility and pain relief.In this randomized controlled trial, participants will be divided into two groups: a control group, receiving standard treatment (ROM exercises, stretching, and heat therapy), and an intervention group, receiving the same standard treatment plus battle rope training. ROM exercises and stretching will focus on gentle elbow flexion and extension to enhance flexibility, while heat therapy will prepare muscles for movement.
The intervention group will additionally perform 10-15 minutes of battle rope training, involving dynamic movements that engage the upper body and increase joint activation. Pre- and post-intervention assessments using a goniometer for ROM, the Flynn scoring system for functional and cosmetic outcomes, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain will provide comprehensive data on the effectiveness of the intervention. This study seeks to offer new insights into pediatric rehabilitation, potentially introducing an effective and engaging therapy option for managing elbow contracture in children
- Conditions
- Children, Adult
- Being tested
- Battle Rope Training, Stretching and Heat Therapy
- Keywords
- Battle Rope Training, Elbow Contractures, ROM
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Battle Rope TrainingOther
All five exercises will be performed 5 days a week with 2 sets.A 12.8-m TR (4.1 kg) was used for all trials Week 1 to 2: During the period the subjects performed 5 selected battle rope exercises. Each exercises the subjects performed ten seconds with two repetitions. The total number of set was 2. The recovery for in between exercise 1minute and in between set was 5 minutes. Week 3 to 4: During the period the subjects performed 5 selected battle rope exercises. Each exercises the subjects performed twenty seconds with 3 repetitions. The total number of set was 2. The recovery for in between exercise 1minute and in between set was 5 minutes. Week 5 to 6: During the period the subjects performed 5 selected battle rope exercises. Each exercises the subjects performed thirty seconds with 4 repetitions. The total number of set was 2. The recovery for in between exercise 1minute and in between set was 5 minutes
Stretching and Heat TherapyOther
The control group will receive Range of Motion (ROM) exercises, stretching, and heat therapy to manage post-traumatic elbow contracture. ROM Exercises will focus on gentle flexion and extension movements to gradually improve joint mobility . These exercises will be performed daily.Stretching exercises will target the muscles surrounding the elbow specifically designed to lengthen and relax the soft tissues that may contribute to contracture. These stretches will be held for 15-30 seconds and repeated several times per session to facilitate flexibility without overstressing the joint. Heat Therapy will be applied to the affected area . Heat will be applied for approximately 10-15 minutes. This combined approach aims to provide standard care that helps alleviate stiffness, manage pain, and improve functional movement over time, without the addition of the battle rope intervention
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Battle Rope Training | Active comparator | Group A will perform Baseline treatment with Battle rope trining.The intervention group will follow the same baseline rehabilitation program of ROM exercises, stretching, and heat therapy as the control group to ensure a consistent foundation for all participants. However, in addition to these therapies, the intervention group will engage in Battle Rope Training designed to further enhance muscle activation, endurance, and joint mobility. All five exercises will be performed 5 days a week with 2 sets.A 12.8-m TR (4.1 kg) was used for all trials. Receives: Other: Battle Rope Training |
| ROM, Stretching and Heat Therapy | Active comparator | The control group will receive Range of Motion (ROM) exercises, stretching, and heat therapy to manage post-traumatic elbow contracture. ROM Exercises will focus on gentle flexion and extension movements to gradually improve joint mobility . These exercises will be performed daily.Stretching exercises will target the muscles surrounding the elbow specifically designed to lengthen and relax the soft tissues that may contribute to contracture. These stretches will be held for 15-30 seconds and repeated several times per session to facilitate flexibility without overstressing the joint. Heat Therapy will be applied to the affected area . Heat will be applied for approximately 10-15 minutes. This combined approach aims to provide standard care that helps alleviate stiffness, manage pain, and improve functional movement over time, without the addition of the battle rope intervention Receives: Other: Stretching and Heat Therapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Visual Analogue Scale
The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is used to measure pain intensity in children with post-traumatic elbow contracture (17). A 10 cm line is provided, with 0 cm indicating "no pain" and 10 cm representing the "worst pain imaginable." Children are asked to mark their current pain level on this line. The distance from the "no pain" end to the mark (measured in cm) is recorded as their pain score (0-10).
Scoring Interpretation:
- 0 cm: No pain
- 1-3 cm: Mild pain
- 4-6 cm: Moderate pain
- 7-10 cm: Severe pain VAS scores are collected before and after each intervention to track changes in pain. Lower scores over time would suggest effective pain relief from the battle rope training.
Measured: 1st week to 5th week
ROM using Goniometer
The goniometer is a precise instrument used to measure joint angles and assess the range of motion (ROM) of the elbow(17).It will provide quantifiable data on elbow flexion and extension angles before, during, and after the intervention with battle rope training. Elbow contracture limits joint movement, so any increase in ROM captured by the goniometer can indicate a positive outcome from the intervention. For each measurement, the goniometer will be placed along the lateral aspect of the elbow, with one arm aligned along the humerus and the other along the forearm. The degree of extension and flexion will be measured in a standard position to ensure consistency across multiple sessions. The goniometer offers objective, reproducible data that will help gauge the effectiveness of battle rope training in improving joint flexibility and reducing the severity of contracture. Changes in ROM captured across the study period will be key indicators of functional improvements.
Measured: 1st week to 5th week
Flynn Scoring
The Flynn scoring system is used to assess the functional and cosmetic outcomes in pediatric elbow injuries, providing a comprehensive score based on a range of clinical factors. Flynn scoring will be applied to evaluate improvements in elbow function following battle rope training for children with post-traumatic elbow contracture.
Measured: 1st week to 5th week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Nov 2025
- Study start29 Oct 2025
- Primary completion30 Jan 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jan 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Children, AdultStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- n this randomized controlled trial, participants will be divided into two groups: a control group, receiving standard treatment (ROM exercises, stretching, and heat therapy), and an intervention group, receiving the same standard treatment plus battle rope training. ROM exercises and stretching will focus on gentle elbow flexion and extension to enhance flexibility, while heat therapy will prepare muscles for movement. The intervention group will additionally perform 10-15 minutes of battle rope training, involving dynamic movements that engage the upper body and increase joint activation
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 42 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Azlfa Karim, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07248475
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/Azlfakarim
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 18 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 25 Nov 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Beck CM, Gluck MJ, Zhang Y, McGough JD, Reizner W, Rubin TA, Hausman MR. Outcomes of Arthroscopic Elbow Contracture Release: Improvement for Severe Prosupination and Flexion Contracture. Arthroscopy. 2022 Feb;38(2):315-322. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.07.020. Epub 2021 Jul 27.
PubMed 34329701
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Battle Rope Training on ROM and Pain in Children With Post Traumatic Elbow Contractures.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07248475
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/RCR&AHS/Azlfakarim
- Conditions
- Children, Adult
- Keywords
- Battle Rope Training, Elbow Contractures, ROM
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 42 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 29 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jan 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jan 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 25 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of battle rope training in improving ROM, reducing pain, and enhancing overall elbow function in children with post-traumatic elbow contracture. By comparing standard therapy alone to standard therapy plus battle rope training, the study aims to determine if this added intervention leads to greater improvements in functional mobility and pain relief.In this randomized controlled trial, participants will be divided into two groups: a control group, receiving standard treatment (ROM exercises, stretching, and heat therapy), and an intervention group, receiving the same standard treatment plus battle rope training. ROM exercises and stretching will focus on gentle elbow flexion and extension to enhance flexibility, while heat therapy will prepare muscles for movement.
The intervention group will additionally perform 10-15 minutes of battle rope training, involving dynamic movements that engage the upper body and increase joint activation. Pre- and post-intervention assessments using a goniometer for ROM, the Flynn scoring system for functional and cosmetic outcomes, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain will provide comprehensive data on the effectiveness of the intervention
Detailed description
Post-traumatic elbow contracture is a common condition in children following elbow injuries, leading to restricted range of motion (ROM), pain, and reduced arm function. Standard treatments often include stretching, heat therapy, and ROM exercises to improve joint mobility and reduce discomfort. However, new approaches such as battle rope training, which is typically used for dynamic strength and endurance, may provide additional benefits by engaging upper body muscles and enhancing functional movement in children with contractures. This study explores whether incorporating battle rope training into a standard rehabilitation program can yield better outcomes than traditional therapy alone.
The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of battle rope training in improving ROM, reducing pain, and enhancing overall elbow function in children with post-traumatic elbow contracture. By comparing standard therapy alone to standard therapy plus battle rope training, the study aims to determine if this added intervention leads to greater improvements in functional mobility and pain relief.In this randomized controlled trial, participants will be divided into two groups: a control group, receiving standard treatment (ROM exercises, stretching, and heat therapy), and an intervention group, receiving the same standard treatment plus battle rope training. ROM exercises and stretching will focus on gentle elbow flexion and extension to enhance flexibility, while heat therapy will prepare muscles for movement.
The intervention group will additionally perform 10-15 minutes of battle rope training, involving dynamic movements that engage the upper body and increase joint activation. Pre- and post-intervention assessments using a goniometer for ROM, the Flynn scoring system for functional and cosmetic outcomes, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain will provide comprehensive data on the effectiveness of the intervention. This study seeks to offer new insights into pediatric rehabilitation, potentially introducing an effective and engaging therapy option for managing elbow contracture in children
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- n this randomized controlled trial, participants will be divided into two groups: a control group, receiving standard treatment (ROM exercises, stretching, and heat therapy), and an intervention group, receiving the same standard treatment plus battle rope training. ROM exercises and stretching will focus on gentle elbow flexion and extension to enhance flexibility, while heat therapy will prepare muscles for movement. The intervention group will additionally perform 10-15 minutes of battle rope training, involving dynamic movements that engage the upper body and increase joint activation
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Battle Rope Training | Active comparator | Other: Battle Rope TrainingGroup A will perform Baseline treatment with Battle rope trining.The intervention group will follow the same baseline rehabilitation program of ROM exercises, stretching, and heat therapy as the control group to ensure a consistent foundation for all participants. However, in addition to these therapies, the intervention group will engage in Battle Rope Training designed to further enhance muscle activation, endurance, and joint mobility. All five exercises will be performed 5 days a week with 2 sets.A 12.8-m TR (4.1 kg) was used for all trials. |
| ROM, Stretching and Heat Therapy | Active comparator | Other: Stretching and Heat TherapyThe control group will receive Range of Motion (ROM) exercises, stretching, and heat therapy to manage post-traumatic elbow contracture. ROM Exercises will focus on gentle flexion and extension movements to gradually improve joint mobility . These exercises will be performed daily.Stretching exercises will target the muscles surrounding the elbow specifically designed to lengthen and relax the soft tissues that may contribute to contracture. These stretches will be held for 15-30 seconds and repeated several times per session to facilitate flexibility without overstressing the joint. Heat Therapy will be applied to the affected area . Heat will be applied for approximately 10-15 minutes. This combined approach aims to provide standard care that helps alleviate stiffness, manage pain, and improve functional movement over time, without the addition of the battle rope intervention |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 8 to 15 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Age 8 to 15
- Children Suffering from Post-Traumatic Elbow Contracture
- Written informed consent obtained from the parents or guardians
- Participants must report a pain level of at least 3 on a visual analog scale (VAS)
- Children must be able to follow instructions and participate in physical activities.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Post Traumatic Contracture other than Elbow region
- Known allergies to materials used in battle rope training.
- Children who are unable to commit to the training schedule or follow-up assessments.
- Use of medications that may affect pain perception or muscle function, such as opioids or muscle relaxants.
- Burn Contracture.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Battle Rope TrainingAll five exercises will be performed 5 days a week with 2 sets.A 12.8-m TR (4.1 kg) was used for all trials Week 1 to 2: During the period the subjects performed 5 selected battle rope exercises. Each exercises the subjects performed ten seconds with two repetitions. The total number of set was 2. The recovery for in between exercise 1minute and in between set was 5 minutes. Week 3 to 4: During the period the subjects performed 5 selected battle rope exercises. Each exercises the subjects performed twenty seconds with 3 repetitions. The total number of set was 2. The recovery for in between exercise 1minute and in between set was 5 minutes. Week 5 to 6: During the period the subjects performed 5 selected battle rope exercises. Each exercises the subjects performed thirty seconds with 4 repetitions. The total number of set was 2. The recovery for in between exercise 1minute and in between set was 5 minutes | Other | Battle Rope Training |
| Stretching and Heat TherapyThe control group will receive Range of Motion (ROM) exercises, stretching, and heat therapy to manage post-traumatic elbow contracture. ROM Exercises will focus on gentle flexion and extension movements to gradually improve joint mobility . These exercises will be performed daily.Stretching exercises will target the muscles surrounding the elbow specifically designed to lengthen and relax the soft tissues that may contribute to contracture. These stretches will be held for 15-30 seconds and repeated several times per session to facilitate flexibility without overstressing the joint. Heat Therapy will be applied to the affected area . Heat will be applied for approximately 10-15 minutes. This combined approach aims to provide standard care that helps alleviate stiffness, manage pain, and improve functional movement over time, without the addition of the battle rope intervention | Other | ROM, Stretching and Heat Therapy |
Primary outcome
Visual Analogue Scale
Time frame: 1st week to 5th week
The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is used to measure pain intensity in children with post-traumatic elbow contracture (17). A 10 cm line is provided, with 0 cm indicating "no pain" and 10 cm representing the "worst pain imaginable." Children are asked to mark their current pain level on this line. The distance from the "no pain" end to the mark (measured in cm) is recorded as their pain score (0-10). Scoring Interpretation: * 0 cm: No pain * 1-3 cm: Mild pain * 4-6 cm: Moderate pain * 7-10 cm: Severe pain VAS scores are collected before and after each intervention to track changes in pain. Lower scores over time would suggest effective pain relief from the battle rope training.
ROM using Goniometer
Time frame: 1st week to 5th week
The goniometer is a precise instrument used to measure joint angles and assess the range of motion (ROM) of the elbow(17).It will provide quantifiable data on elbow flexion and extension angles before, during, and after the intervention with battle rope training. Elbow contracture limits joint movement, so any increase in ROM captured by the goniometer can indicate a positive outcome from the intervention. For each measurement, the goniometer will be placed along the lateral aspect of the elbow, with one arm aligned along the humerus and the other along the forearm. The degree of extension and flexion will be measured in a standard position to ensure consistency across multiple sessions. The goniometer offers objective, reproducible data that will help gauge the effectiveness of battle rope training in improving joint flexibility and reducing the severity of contracture. Changes in ROM captured across the study period will be key indicators of functional improvements.
Flynn Scoring
Time frame: 1st week to 5th week
The Flynn scoring system is used to assess the functional and cosmetic outcomes in pediatric elbow injuries, providing a comprehensive score based on a range of clinical factors. Flynn scoring will be applied to evaluate improvements in elbow function following battle rope training for children with post-traumatic elbow contracture.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 Nov 2025.
- Background: PubMed 34329701Beck CM, Gluck MJ, Zhang Y, McGough JD, Reizner W, Rubin TA, Hausman MR. Outcomes of Arthroscopic Elbow Contracture Release: Improvement for Severe Prosupination and Flexion Contracture. Arthroscopy. 2022 Feb;38(2):315-322. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.07.020. Epub 2021 Jul 27.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Azlfa Karim principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Battle Rope Training and Stretching and Heat Therapy in people with Children, Adult, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact IMRAN AMJAD (9233224390125, imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Visual Analogue Scale (time frame: 1st week to 5th week). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07248475, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Nov 2025.