Osteoporosis (Senile)NCT07245355
Contribution of Recreational Exercises to Balance and Muscle Strength in Osteoporosis Risk
A study testing Experimental Group 1, Experimental Group 2 and Experimental Group 3 in people with Osteoporosis (Senile), run by Suleyman Demirel University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to evaluate the effects of recreational exercises such as Pilates, swimming and walking on muscle strength and balance in women at risk of osteoporosis. Study hypotheses: H1: Pilates exercises will be more effective than walking exercises in improving muscle strength among women at risk of… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 60 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Osteoporosis (Senile)
- What is being tested?
- Experimental Group 1, Experimental Group 2 and Experimental Group 3
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 9 Feb 2026to 15 May 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 60 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Having a sedentary lifestyle (not having exercised regularly in the past 6 months),
- No musculoskeletal or neurological conditions that would prevent participation,
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Use of medications affecting bone metabolism (e.g., bisphosphonates, corticosteroids),
- History of fracture within the past 6 months,
- Uncontrolled cardiovascular or metabolic diseases.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Recreational Exercises (Swimming, Pilates, and Walking) on Muscle Strength and Balance in Women at Risk for Osteoporosis
This study aims to evaluate the effects of recreational exercises such as Pilates, swimming and walking on muscle strength and balance in women at risk of osteoporosis.
Study hypotheses:
Read more
H1: Pilates exercises will be more effective than walking exercises in improving muscle strength among women at risk of osteoporosis.
H2: Swimming exercises will be more effective than walking exercises in improving muscle strength among women at risk of osteoporosis.
H3: Pilates exercises will be more effective than walking exercises in improving balance among women at risk of osteoporosis.
H4: Swimming exercises will be more effective than walking exercises in improving balance among women at risk of osteoporosis.
H5: Pilates and swimming exercises will have similar effects on improving muscle strength and balance among women at risk of osteoporosis.
Read the detailed description
Participants were selected from among women who had previously been diagnosed with osteoporosis risk by a physician and who applied to the Isparta Merwellness Pilates gym for exercise.
The study is planned as a randomized controlled prospective trial. Participants were assigned to three groups using a computer-generated random number table (n=20).
Pilates Group: Mat Pilates was performed three days a week for 45 minutes. Swimming Group: Moderate-intensity swimming was performed 3 days a week for 40 minutes.
Walking Group: Brisk walking was performed 3 days a week for 45 minutes.
- Conditions
- Osteoporosis (Senile)
- Being tested
- Experimental Group 1, Experimental Group 2, Experimental Group 3
- Keywords
- osteoporosis, Recreational Exercise
- Medical subject headings
- Osteoporosis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Experimental Group 1Other
Sixty women aged 40-60 years with a T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 were randomly assigned to three groups (Pilates, Swimming, Walking; n=20). Participants exercised for 40-45 minutes three days a week for 12 weeks.All exercises in this group were conducted by a certified Pilates instructor. Pilates exercises were performed on a mat.Session Content:
Warm-Up (10 min): Breathing exercises, shoulder rotation, neck stretch, posterior pelvic tilt, and spinal mobilization exercises were performed.
Main Section (30 min):
Weeks 1-4: Basic movements - Hundred, Roll-Up, Single Leg Stretch, Spine Stretch Weeks 5-8: Intermediate variations - Double Leg Stretch, Rolling Like a Ball, Saw Weeks 9-12: Advanced balance-focused movements - Teaser Prep, Side Kick Series, Swimming, Leg Pull Front Cool-Down (5 min): Deep breathing exercises, hamstring stretching, and spinal Participation rates were regularly recorded, and individuals who participated below 80% of the program were excluded from the analysis.
Experimental Group 2Other
Participants in the swimming group completed moderate-intensity swimming exercises for 40 minutes, three days a week. The program consisted of a 5-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of freestyle and backstroke swimming, and a 5-minute cool-down. Participants' heart rates were maintained between 60 and 70% of their maximum heart rate.
Session content:
Warm-up (5 min): Light swimming, in-water mobilization exercises
Main Part (30 min):
Weeks 1-4: Freestyle swimming with 25-50 m rest intervals Weeks 5-8: Alternating freestyle and backstroke swimming with 75-100 m rest intervals.
Weeks 9-12: Continuous swimming sets (150-200 m) - technical development and endurance Cool down (5 min): Light swimming, stretching in the water Exercise intensity was monitored using the Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Participation rates were regularly recorded, and individuals who participated below 80% of the program were excluded from the analysis.
Experimental Group 3Other
Individuals in this group participated in brisk walking at 60-70% of their maximum heart rate for 45 minutes, three days a week. The program consisted of a 5-minute warm-up walk, a 35-minute brisk walk, and a 5-minute cool-down walk. A 45-minute walking program was designed three days a week (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday).
Terrace: Flat, safe walking track Intensity: 60-70% of maximum heart rate
Session Contents:
Warm-Up (5 min): Light walking, shoulder and hip mobilization
Main Part (35 min):
Weeks 1-4: 5-6 km/h brisk walking Weeks 5-8: 6-6.5 km/h brisk walking Weeks 9-12: 6.5-7 km/h brisk walking Cool-Down (5 min): Slow walking, calf, hamstring, and lower back stretching exercises.Exercise intensity was monitored in all groups using the Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Participation rates were regularly recorded, and individuals who participated below 80% of the program were excluded from the analysis.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Pilates Group | Experimental | Pilates Group: Mat Pilates was performed three days a week for 45 minutes. The programme included a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of basic Pilates exercises (hundred, roll-up, spine stretch, single leg stretch) and a 5-minute cool-down and stretching phase. The exercises were conducted by a certified Pilates instructor. Receives: Other: Experimental Group 1 |
| Swimming Group | Experimental | Swimming Group: Moderate-intensity swimming was performed 3 days a week for 40 minutes. The exercises included a 5-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of freestyle and backstroke swimming, and a 5-minute cool-down phase. Participants' heart rates were maintained at 60- 70% of their maximum heart rate. Receives: Other: Experimental Group 2 |
| Walking Group | Experimental | Brisk walking was performed 3 days a week for 45 minutes. The programme consisted of a 5-minute warm-up walk, 35 minutes of walking at 60-70% of maximum heart rate, and a 5-minute cool-down walk. Receives: Other: Experimental Group 3 |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Handgrip strength
Handgrip strength was measured using a digital hand dynamometer (Jamar Plus+, kg). Three repetitions were taken during the measurements, and the highest value was recorded. The Jamar dynamometer has high reliability in individuals with osteoporosis (ICC = 0.95).
Measured: At baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention
Trunk flexor and extensor strength
Trunk flexor and extensor strength were assessed using isokinetic dynamometry (Biodex System 4) at a speed of 60°/s. This method has been reported as a valid measurement tool for elderly individuals and those at risk of osteoporosis.
Measured: At baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention
Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
Berg Balance Scale (BBS): A 14-item test scored between 0 and 56. The reliability coefficient in the Turkish adaptation was found to be 0.98.
Measured: At baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention
Computerised posturography:
Computerised posturography: Static and dynamic balance were assessed, and centre of pressure (CoP) oscillation (mm) was recorded. Posturography is a widely used objective method in the osteoporotic population.
Measured: At baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Nov 2025
- Study start9 Feb 2026
- Primary completion1 May 2026
- Study completion15 May 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Osteoporosis (Senile)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The study is planned as a randomized controlled prospective trial. Participants were assigned to three groups using a computer-generated random number table (n=20). Pilates Group: Mat Pilates was performed three days a week for 45 minutes. Swimming Group: Moderate-intensity swimming was performed 3 days a week for 40 minutes. Walking Group: Brisk walking was performed 3 days a week for 45 minutes.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Suleyman Demirel University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Nur ALP, Suleyman Demirel University
- Investigators
- HULUSİ ALP, Professor, Study director, Suleyman Demirel University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07245355
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- SuleymanDU-97/14
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 17 Nov 2025
- Last updated
- 14 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: The data for objectives of the research will be compared after they are received.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Recreational Exercises (Swimming, Pilates, and Walking) on Muscle Strength and Balance in Women at Risk for Osteoporosis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07245355
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SuleymanDU-97/14
- Conditions
- Osteoporosis (Senile)
- Keywords
- osteoporosis, Recreational Exercise
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Suleyman Demirel UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 9 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 May 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 May 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 Nov 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to evaluate the effects of recreational exercises such as Pilates, swimming and walking on muscle strength and balance in women at risk of osteoporosis.
Study hypotheses:
H1: Pilates exercises will be more effective than walking exercises in improving muscle strength among women at risk of osteoporosis.
H2: Swimming exercises will be more effective than walking exercises in improving muscle strength among women at risk of osteoporosis.
H3: Pilates exercises will be more effective than walking exercises in improving balance among women at risk of osteoporosis.
H4: Swimming exercises will be more effective than walking exercises in improving balance among women at risk of osteoporosis.
H5: Pilates and swimming exercises will have similar effects on improving muscle strength and balance among women at risk of osteoporosis.
Detailed description
Participants were selected from among women who had previously been diagnosed with osteoporosis risk by a physician and who applied to the Isparta Merwellness Pilates gym for exercise.
The study is planned as a randomized controlled prospective trial. Participants were assigned to three groups using a computer-generated random number table (n=20).
Pilates Group: Mat Pilates was performed three days a week for 45 minutes. Swimming Group: Moderate-intensity swimming was performed 3 days a week for 40 minutes.
Walking Group: Brisk walking was performed 3 days a week for 45 minutes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- The study is planned as a randomized controlled prospective trial. Participants were assigned to three groups using a computer-generated random number table (n=20). Pilates Group: Mat Pilates was performed three days a week for 45 minutes. Swimming Group: Moderate-intensity swimming was performed 3 days a week for 40 minutes. Walking Group: Brisk walking was performed 3 days a week for 45 minutes.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Pilates Group | Experimental | Other: Experimental Group 1Pilates Group: Mat Pilates was performed three days a week for 45 minutes. The programme included a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of basic Pilates exercises (hundred, roll-up, spine stretch, single leg stretch) and a 5-minute cool-down and stretching phase. The exercises were conducted by a certified Pilates instructor. |
| Swimming Group | Experimental | Other: Experimental Group 2Swimming Group: Moderate-intensity swimming was performed 3 days a week for 40 minutes. The exercises included a 5-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of freestyle and backstroke swimming, and a 5-minute cool-down phase. Participants' heart rates were maintained at 60- 70% of their maximum heart rate. |
| Walking Group | Experimental | Other: Experimental Group 3Brisk walking was performed 3 days a week for 45 minutes. The programme consisted of a 5-minute warm-up walk, 35 minutes of walking at 60-70% of maximum heart rate, and a 5-minute cool-down walk. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 60 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Having a sedentary lifestyle (not having exercised regularly in the past 6 months),
- No musculoskeletal or neurological conditions that would prevent participation,
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Use of medications affecting bone metabolism (e.g., bisphosphonates, corticosteroids),
- History of fracture within the past 6 months,
- Uncontrolled cardiovascular or metabolic diseases.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group 1Sixty women aged 40-60 years with a T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 were randomly assigned to three groups (Pilates, Swimming, Walking; n=20). Participants exercised for 40-45 minutes three days a week for 12 weeks.All exercises in this group were conducted by a certified Pilates instructor. Pilates exercises were performed on a mat.Session Content: Warm-Up (10 min): Breathing exercises, shoulder rotation, neck stretch, posterior pelvic tilt, and spinal mobilization exercises were performed. Main Section (30 min): Weeks 1-4: Basic movements - Hundred, Roll-Up, Single Leg Stretch, Spine Stretch Weeks 5-8: Intermediate variations - Double Leg Stretch, Rolling Like a Ball, Saw Weeks 9-12: Advanced balance-focused movements - Teaser Prep, Side Kick Series, Swimming, Leg Pull Front Cool-Down (5 min): Deep breathing exercises, hamstring stretching, and spinal Participation rates were regularly recorded, and individuals who participated below 80% of the program were excluded from the analysis. | Other | Pilates Group |
| Experimental Group 2Participants in the swimming group completed moderate-intensity swimming exercises for 40 minutes, three days a week. The program consisted of a 5-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of freestyle and backstroke swimming, and a 5-minute cool-down. Participants' heart rates were maintained between 60 and 70% of their maximum heart rate. Session content: Warm-up (5 min): Light swimming, in-water mobilization exercises Main Part (30 min): Weeks 1-4: Freestyle swimming with 25-50 m rest intervals Weeks 5-8: Alternating freestyle and backstroke swimming with 75-100 m rest intervals. Weeks 9-12: Continuous swimming sets (150-200 m) - technical development and endurance Cool down (5 min): Light swimming, stretching in the water Exercise intensity was monitored using the Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Participation rates were regularly recorded, and individuals who participated below 80% of the program were excluded from the analysis. | Other | Swimming Group |
| Experimental Group 3Individuals in this group participated in brisk walking at 60-70% of their maximum heart rate for 45 minutes, three days a week. The program consisted of a 5-minute warm-up walk, a 35-minute brisk walk, and a 5-minute cool-down walk. A 45-minute walking program was designed three days a week (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday). Terrace: Flat, safe walking track Intensity: 60-70% of maximum heart rate Session Contents: Warm-Up (5 min): Light walking, shoulder and hip mobilization Main Part (35 min): Weeks 1-4: 5-6 km/h brisk walking Weeks 5-8: 6-6.5 km/h brisk walking Weeks 9-12: 6.5-7 km/h brisk walking Cool-Down (5 min): Slow walking, calf, hamstring, and lower back stretching exercises.Exercise intensity was monitored in all groups using the Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Participation rates were regularly recorded, and individuals who participated below 80% of the program were excluded from the analysis. | Other | Walking Group |
Primary outcome
Handgrip strength
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention
Handgrip strength was measured using a digital hand dynamometer (Jamar Plus+, kg). Three repetitions were taken during the measurements, and the highest value was recorded. The Jamar dynamometer has high reliability in individuals with osteoporosis (ICC = 0.95).
Trunk flexor and extensor strength
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention
Trunk flexor and extensor strength were assessed using isokinetic dynamometry (Biodex System 4) at a speed of 60°/s. This method has been reported as a valid measurement tool for elderly individuals and those at risk of osteoporosis.
Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention
Berg Balance Scale (BBS): A 14-item test scored between 0 and 56. The reliability coefficient in the Turkish adaptation was found to be 0.98.
Computerised posturography:
Time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention
Computerised posturography: Static and dynamic balance were assessed, and centre of pressure (CoP) oscillation (mm) was recorded. Posturography is a widely used objective method in the osteoporotic population.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. The data for objectives of the research will be compared after they are received.
Related trials for Osteoporosis (Senile)
Not yet recruitingPhase 1
A Clinical Study Evaluating the Dermal Safety of Soluble Denosumab Microneedle Patches
Osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis (OA) of the Knee
RecruitingObservational study
Epidemiological Study of Osteoporosis in the Elderly Population of Shandong Province
Osteoporosis, Osteoporosis (Senile)
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
HULUSİ ALP, Professor study director
Suleyman Demirel University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Experimental Group 1, Experimental Group 2 and Experimental Group 3 in people with Osteoporosis (Senile), run by Suleyman Demirel University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Handgrip strength (time frame: At baseline and at the end of the 12-week intervention). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Oct 2026.