Perception of Traumatic BirthNCT07189767
Effects of Psychoeducation on Pregnant Women With Traumatic Birth Perception
A study testing psychoeducation in people with Perception of Traumatic Birth, run by Burcu Firat at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a prenatal psychoeducation program applied to pregnant women with a traumatic perception of birth on the perception of traumatic birth, maternal attachment, breastfeeding and postpartum depression. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Perception of Traumatic Birth
- What is being tested?
- psychoeducation
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 6 Apr 2023to 7 Oct 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Primigravida
- Between 22 and 32 weeks gestation
- Experiencing a healthy pregnancy
- Spontaneously pregnant
- No psychiatric illness
- Scored 79 or higher on the Traumatic Birth Perception Scale were included in the study.
Who cannot join
- High-risk pregnant women
- Without a smartphone, tablet, computer or internet access
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Umraniye Education and Research Hospital
Istanbul, Umraniye
About this study
Official title: The Effect of a Psychoeducation Program Applied to Pregnant Women With Traumatic Birth Perception on Maternal Attachment, Breastfeeding, and Postpartum Depression Levels
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a prenatal psychoeducation program applied to pregnant women with a traumatic perception of birth on the perception of traumatic birth, maternal attachment, breastfeeding and postpartum depression.
Read the detailed description
Pregnancy and birth are one of the most important experiences in a woman's life. This experience has many physical, hormonal and psychosocial effects on women. The perception of birth varies depending on the culture in which women live. In most societies, birth and motherhood are perceived positively. While some women perceive the experience of giving birth as a positive life experience that strengthens them and helps them grow, some women perceive it as trauma.
The perception of traumatic birth negatively affects the health of mother and baby during pregnancy, birth and the postpartum period. The perception of trauma towards birth causes stress and anxiety disorders, fear of birth, weakening of the bond between mother and baby and the relationship between spouses during pregnancy. During the birth process, it paves the way for increased medical interventions, prolonged labor, decreased success of labor management, and an increased desire for cesarean section. Postpartum problems include failure to participate in infant care, inadequate breastfeeding, decreased breast milk supply, poor mother-infant bonding, postpartum depression, deterioration in family relationships, reluctance to consider future pregnancy, and a tendency toward cesarean section in subsequent pregnancies Removing the perception of birth as traumatic and establishing a positive perception of it is crucial for maternal and infant health. Support should be provided to women who perceive birth as traumatic with practices that have been successful in preventing negative birth experiences. This support allows for the elimination of potential problems resulting from birth trauma . Psychoeducation is one of the most successful practices that will eliminate the perception of traumatic birth. Psychoeducation is one of the most effective evidence-based practices emerging in both clinical research and community settings. It is an educational intervention that includes disease-specific information as well as techniques for managing the current situation. Its flexibility allows it to be used across a wide range of illnesses and life challenges. Studies show that psychoeducation intervention reduces pain levels during labor, increases vaginal birth rates, shortens labor duration, positively affects mother-baby bonding and breastfeeding, and reduces postpartum depression rates.
- Conditions
- Perception of Traumatic Birth
- Being tested
- psychoeducation
- Keywords
- traumatic birth, psychoeducation, perception of birth
- Medical subject headings
- Birth Injuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
psychoeducationBehavioural
The nurse/midwife-led psychoeducation intervention aims to encourage pregnant women to express their feelings about childbirth. It also provides a counseling framework to help women identify and overcome the distressing elements of childbirth. Psychoeducation allows pregnant women to obtain complete, evidence-based information about labor and to discuss their feelings and thoughts about the method of delivery and birth. Providing evidence-based information by nurses/midwives during psychoeducation helps pregnant women make informed decisions about their birth preferences. In addition to evidence-based information, the psychoeducation intervention includes discussing myths and misconceptions, increasing social support, reinforcing positive coping strategies, and focusing on problem solutions. Nurses/midwives encourage pregnant women to develop a positive birth plan through psychoeducation.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Psychoeducation | Experimental | Pregnant women with a traumatic perception of birth who received psychoeducational intervention formed the experimental group. Receives: Behavioral: psychoeducation |
| Control | No intervention | Pregnant women with a traumatic birth perception who did not receive psychoeducation intervention and underwent routine prenatal follow-up constituted the control group. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Traumatic Birth Perception Scale (TBPS)
The TBPS was developed in 2016 by Yalnız et al. to determine the level of perception of labor as trauma. The TPAS is used to determine the perceptions of birth among women aged 15-49, receiving preconception counseling, and attending delivery rooms, obstetrics, or postpartum services during pregnancy. The TPAS has a total of 13 items. Each item is rated from 0 (zero) to 10 (ten). The lowest score on the TPAS is 0 (zero), and the highest is 130. As the score on the scale increases, the extent to which women perceive birth as trauma increases. Women who score "0-26" on the scale have a very low perception of birth as traumatic, those who score "27-52" have a low perception, those who score "53-78" have a moderate perception, those who score "79-109" have a high perception, and those who score "105-130" have a very high perception of birth as traumatic. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the original form of the scale is 0.895.
Measured: 4 months
Secondary outcomes (3)
Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS)
Developed by Taylor and colleagues (2005) to assess mother-infant attachment from the first days after birth to the 12th week, the PBI allows mothers to express their feelings toward their babies in single words after birth. The PBI is a four-point Likert-type scale consisting of 8 items. Each item is scored between 0 and 3. The items cover both positive and negative emotions. Items 1, 4, and 6 examine positive emotions. These items are scored as 0, 1, 2, or 3. Items 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8 examine negative emotions. They are reverse-scored as 3, 2, or 1, or 0. The lowest possible score on the scale is 0, and the highest is 24. A higher score indicates a problem in the mother-infant bond.
Measured: 4 months
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF)
Developed by Dennis and Faux, this scale consists of 14 items on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The lowest possible score is 14, and the highest is 70. A higher score indicates higher breastfeeding self-efficacy. The Turkish validity and reliability of the scale were conducted by Aluş-Tokat and Okumuş (2010).
Measured: 4 months
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)
It was developed by Cox et al. (1987) to determine the risk of depression in mothers during the postpartum period. It consists of 10 items on a 4-point Likert-type scale. The lowest possible score is 0, and the highest is 30. The cut-off point is 12-13. Women who score 13 or higher are at increased risk of postpartum depression. The validity and reliability of the scale in Turkish was conducted by Engindeniz et al. (1996).
Measured: 4 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Sep 2025
- Study start6 Apr 2023
- Primary completion26 Apr 2024
- Study completion7 Oct 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Perception of Traumatic BirthStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- psychoeducation and control
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Burcu Firat
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Burcu Firat, Uskudar University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07189767
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IUC-FNHF-BF-01
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Aug 2025
- Last updated
- 24 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: because there is no release yet
Publications
Pandey Bista A, Shrama C, Shrestha U, Timalsina P, Devkota K, Piya K, Neupane B. Effect of Group Psycho-Educational Interventions on Child birth fear and Child birth Self-efficacy among Primiparous women. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2023 Jul 20;20(4):846-851. doi: 10.33314/jnhrc.v20i4.4028.
PubMed 37489666Fenwick J, Toohill J, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Buist A, Turkstra E, Sneddon A, Scuffham PA, Ryding EL. Effects of a midwife psycho-education intervention to reduce childbirth fear on women's birth outcomes and postpartum psychological wellbeing. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015 Oct 30;15:284. doi: 10.1186/s12884-015-0721-y.
PubMed 26518597Akgun M, Boz I, Ozer Z. The effect of psychoeducation on fear of childbirth and birth type: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2020 Dec;41(4):253-265. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2019.1689950. Epub 2019 Nov 13.
PubMed 31718369Boz I, Akgun M, Duman F. A feasibility study of a psychoeducation intervention based on Human Caring Theory in nulliparous women with fear of childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2021 Dec;42(4):300-312. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2020.1752173. Epub 2020 Apr 22.
PubMed 32319341Gultekin, N. (2018). Does Psychoeducation Encourage Pregnant Women and Positively Influence the Relation between Mother and Baby: a Case-Control Study. Int J Gynecol Clin Pract, 5(143), 2
Jiao N, Zhu L, Chong YS, Chan WS, Luo N, Wang W, Hu R, Chan YH, He HG. Web-based versus home-based postnatal psychoeducational interventions for first-time mothers: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019 Nov;99:103385. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.07.002. Epub 2019 Jul 21.
PubMed 31442783Kordi, M., Bakhshi, M., Masoudi, S., & Esmaily, H. (2017). Effect of a childbirth psychoeducation program on the level of fear of childbirth in primigravid women. Evidence Based Care, 7(3), 26-34.
Lawrence CG, Breau G, Yang L, Hellerstein OS, Hippman C, Kennedy AL, Ryan D, Shulman B, Brotto LA. Effectiveness of a web-enabled psychoeducational resource for postpartum depression and anxiety among women in British Columbia. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2024 Dec;27(6):995-1010. doi: 10.1007/s00737-024-01468-8. Epub 2024 May 6.
PubMed 38709329Maharani Dewi, U., Windarti, Y., & Hayani, H. (2023). The Effect of Lactation Psychoeducation Using a Video-Based Comprehensive Model on the Level of Anxiety of Mothers in Breastfeeding. Health Education and Health Promotion, 11(3), 1001-1013.
Hollander MH, van Hastenberg E, van Dillen J, van Pampus MG, de Miranda E, Stramrood CAI. Preventing traumatic childbirth experiences: 2192 women's perceptions and views. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2017 Aug;20(4):515-523. doi: 10.1007/s00737-017-0729-6. Epub 2017 May 29.
PubMed 28553692Firouzan L, Kharaghani R, Zenoozian S, Moloodi R, Jafari E. The effect of midwifery led counseling based on Gamble's approach on childbirth fear and self-efficacy in nulligravida women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 Sep 9;20(1):522. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03230-1.
PubMed 32907547Fenwick J, Toohill J, Slavin V, Creedy DK, Gamble J. Improving psychoeducation for women fearful of childbirth: Evaluation of a research translation project. Women Birth. 2018 Feb;31(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2017.06.004. Epub 2017 Jul 3.
PubMed 28684046Kuipers YJ, Thomson G, Goberna-Tricas J, Zurera A, Hresanova E, Temesgenova N, Waldner I, Leinweber J. The social conception of space of birth narrated by women with negative and traumatic birth experiences. Women Birth. 2023 Feb;36(1):e78-e85. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2022.04.013. Epub 2022 May 2.
PubMed 35514007Nagle U, Naughton S, Ayers S, Cooley S, Duffy RM, Dikmen-Yildiz P. A survey of perceived traumatic birth experiences in an Irish maternity sample - prevalence, risk factors and follow up. Midwifery. 2022 Oct;113:103419. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103419. Epub 2022 Jul 9.
PubMed 35930929
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of a Psychoeducation Program Applied to Pregnant Women With Traumatic Birth Perception on Maternal Attachment, Breastfeeding, and Postpartum Depression Levels
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07189767
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IUC-FNHF-BF-01
- Conditions
- Perception of Traumatic Birth
- Keywords
- traumatic birth, psychoeducation, perception of birth
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Burcu FiratUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 6 Apr 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 26 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 7 Oct 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a prenatal psychoeducation program applied to pregnant women with a traumatic perception of birth on the perception of traumatic birth, maternal attachment, breastfeeding and postpartum depression.
Detailed description
Pregnancy and birth are one of the most important experiences in a woman's life. This experience has many physical, hormonal and psychosocial effects on women. The perception of birth varies depending on the culture in which women live. In most societies, birth and motherhood are perceived positively. While some women perceive the experience of giving birth as a positive life experience that strengthens them and helps them grow, some women perceive it as trauma.
The perception of traumatic birth negatively affects the health of mother and baby during pregnancy, birth and the postpartum period. The perception of trauma towards birth causes stress and anxiety disorders, fear of birth, weakening of the bond between mother and baby and the relationship between spouses during pregnancy. During the birth process, it paves the way for increased medical interventions, prolonged labor, decreased success of labor management, and an increased desire for cesarean section. Postpartum problems include failure to participate in infant care, inadequate breastfeeding, decreased breast milk supply, poor mother-infant bonding, postpartum depression, deterioration in family relationships, reluctance to consider future pregnancy, and a tendency toward cesarean section in subsequent pregnancies Removing the perception of birth as traumatic and establishing a positive perception of it is crucial for maternal and infant health. Support should be provided to women who perceive birth as traumatic with practices that have been successful in preventing negative birth experiences. This support allows for the elimination of potential problems resulting from birth trauma . Psychoeducation is one of the most successful practices that will eliminate the perception of traumatic birth. Psychoeducation is one of the most effective evidence-based practices emerging in both clinical research and community settings. It is an educational intervention that includes disease-specific information as well as techniques for managing the current situation. Its flexibility allows it to be used across a wide range of illnesses and life challenges. Studies show that psychoeducation intervention reduces pain levels during labor, increases vaginal birth rates, shortens labor duration, positively affects mother-baby bonding and breastfeeding, and reduces postpartum depression rates.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- psychoeducation and control
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Psychoeducation | Experimental | Behavioral: psychoeducationPregnant women with a traumatic perception of birth who received psychoeducational intervention formed the experimental group. |
| Control | No intervention | –Pregnant women with a traumatic birth perception who did not receive psychoeducation intervention and underwent routine prenatal follow-up constituted the control group. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Primigravida
- Between 22 and 32 weeks gestation
- Experiencing a healthy pregnancy
- Spontaneously pregnant
- No psychiatric illness
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- High-risk pregnant women
- Without a smartphone, tablet, computer or internet access
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| psychoeducationThe nurse/midwife-led psychoeducation intervention aims to encourage pregnant women to express their feelings about childbirth. It also provides a counseling framework to help women identify and overcome the distressing elements of childbirth. Psychoeducation allows pregnant women to obtain complete, evidence-based information about labor and to discuss their feelings and thoughts about the method of delivery and birth. Providing evidence-based information by nurses/midwives during psychoeducation helps pregnant women make informed decisions about their birth preferences. In addition to evidence-based information, the psychoeducation intervention includes discussing myths and misconceptions, increasing social support, reinforcing positive coping strategies, and focusing on problem solutions. Nurses/midwives encourage pregnant women to develop a positive birth plan through psychoeducation. | Behavioural | Psychoeducation |
Primary outcome
Traumatic Birth Perception Scale (TBPS)
Time frame: 4 months
The TBPS was developed in 2016 by Yalnız et al. to determine the level of perception of labor as trauma. The TPAS is used to determine the perceptions of birth among women aged 15-49, receiving preconception counseling, and attending delivery rooms, obstetrics, or postpartum services during pregnancy. The TPAS has a total of 13 items. Each item is rated from 0 (zero) to 10 (ten). The lowest score on the TPAS is 0 (zero), and the highest is 130. As the score on the scale increases, the extent to which women perceive birth as trauma increases. Women who score "0-26" on the scale have a very low perception of birth as traumatic, those who score "27-52" have a low perception, those who score "53-78" have a moderate perception, those who score "79-109" have a high perception, and those who score "105-130" have a very high perception of birth as traumatic. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the original form of the scale is 0.895.
3 secondary outcomes
Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS)
Time frame: 4 months
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF)
Time frame: 4 months
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)
Time frame: 4 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Aug 2026.
- Background: PubMed 37489666Pandey Bista A, Shrama C, Shrestha U, Timalsina P, Devkota K, Piya K, Neupane B. Effect of Group Psycho-Educational Interventions on Child birth fear and Child birth Self-efficacy among Primiparous women. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2023 Jul 20;20(4):846-851. doi: 10.33314/jnhrc.v20i4.4028.
- Results publication: PubMed 26518597Fenwick J, Toohill J, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Buist A, Turkstra E, Sneddon A, Scuffham PA, Ryding EL. Effects of a midwife psycho-education intervention to reduce childbirth fear on women's birth outcomes and postpartum psychological wellbeing. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015 Oct 30;15:284. doi: 10.1186/s12884-015-0721-y.
- Results publication: PubMed 31718369Akgun M, Boz I, Ozer Z. The effect of psychoeducation on fear of childbirth and birth type: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2020 Dec;41(4):253-265. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2019.1689950. Epub 2019 Nov 13.
- Results publication: PubMed 32319341Boz I, Akgun M, Duman F. A feasibility study of a psychoeducation intervention based on Human Caring Theory in nulliparous women with fear of childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2021 Dec;42(4):300-312. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2020.1752173. Epub 2020 Apr 22.
- Results publicationGultekin, N. (2018). Does Psychoeducation Encourage Pregnant Women and Positively Influence the Relation between Mother and Baby: a Case-Control Study. Int J Gynecol Clin Pract, 5(143), 2
- Results publication: PubMed 31442783Jiao N, Zhu L, Chong YS, Chan WS, Luo N, Wang W, Hu R, Chan YH, He HG. Web-based versus home-based postnatal psychoeducational interventions for first-time mothers: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019 Nov;99:103385. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.07.002. Epub 2019 Jul 21.
- Results publicationKordi, M., Bakhshi, M., Masoudi, S., & Esmaily, H. (2017). Effect of a childbirth psychoeducation program on the level of fear of childbirth in primigravid women. Evidence Based Care, 7(3), 26-34.
- Results publication: PubMed 38709329Lawrence CG, Breau G, Yang L, Hellerstein OS, Hippman C, Kennedy AL, Ryan D, Shulman B, Brotto LA. Effectiveness of a web-enabled psychoeducational resource for postpartum depression and anxiety among women in British Columbia. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2024 Dec;27(6):995-1010. doi: 10.1007/s00737-024-01468-8. Epub 2024 May 6.
- Results publicationMaharani Dewi, U., Windarti, Y., & Hayani, H. (2023). The Effect of Lactation Psychoeducation Using a Video-Based Comprehensive Model on the Level of Anxiety of Mothers in Breastfeeding. Health Education and Health Promotion, 11(3), 1001-1013.
- Results publication: PubMed 28553692Hollander MH, van Hastenberg E, van Dillen J, van Pampus MG, de Miranda E, Stramrood CAI. Preventing traumatic childbirth experiences: 2192 women's perceptions and views. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2017 Aug;20(4):515-523. doi: 10.1007/s00737-017-0729-6. Epub 2017 May 29.
- Results publication: PubMed 32907547Firouzan L, Kharaghani R, Zenoozian S, Moloodi R, Jafari E. The effect of midwifery led counseling based on Gamble's approach on childbirth fear and self-efficacy in nulligravida women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 Sep 9;20(1):522. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03230-1.
- Results publication: PubMed 28684046Fenwick J, Toohill J, Slavin V, Creedy DK, Gamble J. Improving psychoeducation for women fearful of childbirth: Evaluation of a research translation project. Women Birth. 2018 Feb;31(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2017.06.004. Epub 2017 Jul 3.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. because there is no release yet
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing psychoeducation in people with Perception of Traumatic Birth, run by Burcu Firat at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Traumatic Birth Perception Scale (TBPS) (time frame: 4 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07189767, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Aug 2026.