Cesarean Section; DehiscenceEMPPNCT07164521
The Effect of Music Postoperative Period
A study testing Music Listening (Relaxing Classical Music) in people with Cesarean Section; Dehiscence and Postoperative Pain, run by Selcuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of music listening on anxiety and pain among women following cesarean delivery. A total of 110 women who had undergone cesarean section were included. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Cesarean Section; Dehiscence, Postoperative Pain
- What is being tested?
- Music Listening (Relaxing Classical Music)
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 110 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Feb 2024to 31 Jul 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Women aged 18 years or older
- Primiparous (first-time mothers)
- Underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia
- Mentally healthy and able to communicate
- No hearing impairments (able to hear the music intervention)
- No chronic illnesses
Show all 9Show fewer
- No complications during labor for mother or newborn
- Proficient in Turkish
- Voluntarily agreed to participate and provided informed consent
Who cannot join
- Multiparous women (previous childbirth experience)
- Women who used non-routine analgesics beyond standard postpartum pain relievers
- Presence of psychiatric disorders or severe mental illness
- Medical complications during or after delivery for mother or infant
- Hearing impairments preventing participation in music listening
- Women unwilling or unable to comply with the intervention protocol
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Music Played During the Postoperative Period on Pain and Anxiety Levels in Women Who Underwent Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of music listening on anxiety and pain among women following cesarean delivery. A total of 110 women who had undergone cesarean section were included. Beginning at the 24th postpartum hour, participants in the intervention group listened to relaxing classical music for 15 minutes every hour, while no intervention was applied to the control group. The study was designed to determine whether music listening could influence postpartum anxiety and perceived pain.
Read the detailed description
Postpartum women undergoing cesarean section often experience significant levels of anxiety and pain, which can negatively affect recovery and maternal-infant bonding. In addition to pharmacological methods, non-pharmacological strategies such as music listening may play an important role in supporting women during this period. In this study, 110 women who had undergone cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Starting at the 24th postpartum hour until the 48th hour, women in the intervention group listened to relaxing classical instrumental music (e.g., works by Mozart, Vivaldi, and Debussy) for 15 minutes every hour. The control group received no intervention. Participants' demographic and clinical characteristics were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, while postpartum anxiety and pain perception were assessed with the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). The primary outcome was anxiety, and the secondary outcome was pain perception. The study sought to assess whether a music-based, culturally appropriate, non-pharmacological intervention could be an effective component of routine postpartum care following cesarean delivery.
- Conditions
- Cesarean Section; Dehiscence, Postoperative Pain
- Being tested
- Music Listening (Relaxing Classical Music)
- Keywords
- Postoperative Pain, Cesarean Section, Anxiety
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Postoperative, Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Music Listening (Relaxing Classical Music)Behavioural
Also called Experimental - Music Listening
Participants listened to a standardized playlist of relaxing classical instrumental music (e.g., Mozart, Vivaldi, Debussy) for 15 minutes every hour, beginning at the 24th postpartum hour until the 48th hour. The intervention aimed to reduce postpartum anxiety and pain perception.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental - Music Listening | Experimental | Women in the intervention group listened to relaxing classical instrumental music (e.g., works by Mozart, Vivaldi, and Debussy) for 15 minutes every hour, starting at the 24th postpartum hour until the 48th hour. Receives: Behavioral: Music Listening (Relaxing Classical Music) |
| No Intervention - Control | No intervention | Women in the control group received routine postpartum care without any additional intervention. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Postpartum Anxiety
Measured using the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS) at the 48th postpartum hour. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety.
Measured: 48th postpartum hour
Pain Catastrophizing
Measured using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) at the 48th postpartum hour. Higher scores indicate greater pain catastrophizing.
Measured: 48th postpartum hour
Secondary outcomes (1)
Total Duration of Music Listening
Total number of minutes of music listened by participants in the intervention group across the intervention period.
Measured: Between the 24th and 48th postpartum hour
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Sep 2025
- Study start1 Feb 2024
- Primary completion30 Jul 2024
- Study completion31 Jul 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cesarean Section; DehiscenceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Selcuk UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received music listening, or the control group, with no intervention, in a parallel assignment model
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 110 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Selcuk University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Bihter Akın, Selcuk University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07164521
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2024/647
- Acronym
- EMPP
- Status last verified
- Sep 2025
- First submitted
- 31 Aug 2025
- Last updated
- 10 Sep 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared.
Publications
Akin B, Ozdemir S. The Effect of Music Played During the Postoperative Period on Pain and Anxiety Levels in Women Who Underwent Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Integr Complement Med. 2026 Mar;32(3):296-302. doi: 10.1177/27683605251389490. Epub 2025 Oct 28.
PubMed 41182331
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Sep 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Music Played During the Postoperative Period on Pain and Anxiety Levels in Women Who Underwent Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07164521
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- EMPP / 2024/647
- Conditions
- Cesarean Section; Dehiscence, Postoperative Pain
- Keywords
- Postoperative Pain, Cesarean Section, Anxiety
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 110 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Selcuk UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Jul 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of music listening on anxiety and pain among women following cesarean delivery. A total of 110 women who had undergone cesarean section were included. Beginning at the 24th postpartum hour, participants in the intervention group listened to relaxing classical music for 15 minutes every hour, while no intervention was applied to the control group. The study was designed to determine whether music listening could influence postpartum anxiety and perceived pain.
Detailed description
Postpartum women undergoing cesarean section often experience significant levels of anxiety and pain, which can negatively affect recovery and maternal-infant bonding. In addition to pharmacological methods, non-pharmacological strategies such as music listening may play an important role in supporting women during this period. In this study, 110 women who had undergone cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Starting at the 24th postpartum hour until the 48th hour, women in the intervention group listened to relaxing classical instrumental music (e.g., works by Mozart, Vivaldi, and Debussy) for 15 minutes every hour. The control group received no intervention. Participants' demographic and clinical characteristics were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, while postpartum anxiety and pain perception were assessed with the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). The primary outcome was anxiety, and the secondary outcome was pain perception. The study sought to assess whether a music-based, culturally appropriate, non-pharmacological intervention could be an effective component of routine postpartum care following cesarean delivery.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received music listening, or the control group, with no intervention, in a parallel assignment model
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental - Music Listening | Experimental | Behavioral: Music Listening (Relaxing Classical Music)Women in the intervention group listened to relaxing classical instrumental music (e.g., works by Mozart, Vivaldi, and Debussy) for 15 minutes every hour, starting at the 24th postpartum hour until the 48th hour. |
| No Intervention - Control | No intervention | –Women in the control group received routine postpartum care without any additional intervention. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Women aged 18 years or older
- Primiparous (first-time mothers)
- Underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia
- Mentally healthy and able to communicate
- No hearing impairments (able to hear the music intervention)
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Multiparous women (previous childbirth experience)
- Women who used non-routine analgesics beyond standard postpartum pain relievers
- Presence of psychiatric disorders or severe mental illness
- Medical complications during or after delivery for mother or infant
- Hearing impairments preventing participation in music listening
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Music Listening (Relaxing Classical Music)Also: Experimental - Music ListeningParticipants listened to a standardized playlist of relaxing classical instrumental music (e.g., Mozart, Vivaldi, Debussy) for 15 minutes every hour, beginning at the 24th postpartum hour until the 48th hour. The intervention aimed to reduce postpartum anxiety and pain perception. | Behavioural | Experimental - Music Listening |
Primary outcome
Postpartum Anxiety
Time frame: 48th postpartum hour
Measured using the Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS) at the 48th postpartum hour. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety.
Pain Catastrophizing
Time frame: 48th postpartum hour
Measured using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) at the 48th postpartum hour. Higher scores indicate greater pain catastrophizing.
1 secondary outcome
Total Duration of Music Listening
Time frame: Between the 24th and 48th postpartum hour
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Sep 2025.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41182331Akin B, Ozdemir S. The Effect of Music Played During the Postoperative Period on Pain and Anxiety Levels in Women Who Underwent Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Integr Complement Med. 2026 Mar;32(3):296-302. doi: 10.1177/27683605251389490. Epub 2025 Oct 28.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Music Listening (Relaxing Classical Music) in people with Cesarean Section; Dehiscence and Postoperative Pain, run by Selcuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Sep 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Postpartum Anxiety (time frame: 48th postpartum hour). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07164521, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Sep 2025.