Subacromial Pain SyndromeLLM-RehabSPNCT07148687
ChatGPT and DeepSeek-Assisted Rehabilitation in Subacromial Pain
A study testing Conventional Exercise Program, ChatGPT-Guided Rehabilitation and DeepSeek-Guided Rehabilitation in people with Subacromial Pain Syndrome, run by Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to evaluate the effects of rehabilitation programs supported by artificial intelligence-based large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT and DeepSeek, in individuals with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Subacromial Pain Syndrome
- What is being tested?
- Conventional Exercise Program, ChatGPT-Guided Rehabilitation and DeepSeek-Guided Rehabilitation
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 75 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 25 Sep 2025to 20 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being between the ages of 18 and 65
- Having been diagnosed with Subacromial Pain Syndrome (SAPS) for at least four weeks, diagnosed through clinical and physical examination
- Actively maintaining shoulder range of motion
- Being cognitively and physically capable of participating in an exercise program
- Agreeing to participate voluntarily in the research process and providing written consent
Who cannot join
- Presence of other shoulder pathologies such as rotator cuff tear, frozen shoulder, glenohumeral instability, or labrum tear
- Presence of conditions included in the differential diagnosis such as cervical radiculopathy, neurological disorders, rheumatological diseases, or fibromyalgia
- History of shoulder surgery within the last 6 months
- Pregnancy
- History of systemic or neuromuscular disease
- Refusal to consent to voluntary participation
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Training and Research Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department
Kırşehir, Merkez, 40100
About this study
Official title: Effect of ChatGPT and DeepSeek-Guided Rehabilitation on Clinical Outcomes in Individuals With Subacromial Pain Syndrome
This study aims to evaluate the effects of rehabilitation programs supported by artificial intelligence-based large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT and DeepSeek, in individuals with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: standard physiotherapy, standard physiotherapy plus ChatGPT-guided exercises, and standard physiotherapy plus DeepSeek-guided exercises. Outcomes including pain, disability, quality of life, muscle strength, and joint range of motion will be assessed before and after a 6-week intervention. The results will help determine whether AI-generated exercise recommendations can enhance clinical outcomes when combined with conventional physiotherapy.
Read the detailed description
This completed randomized controlled trial investigated the clinical effects of integrating AI-generated exercise recommendations into conventional physiotherapy for individuals with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). A total of 82 individuals were assessed for eligibility; 7 were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria. Seventy-five participants provided consent and were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to 3 groups (n=25 each): (1) conventional physiotherapy plus a conventional exercise program, (2) conventional physiotherapy plus ChatGPT-guided exercises, and (3) conventional physiotherapy plus DeepSeek-guided exercises. The allocation sequence was generated using simple computer-based randomization by an independent staff member and was revealed after completion of baseline assessments. Interventions were delivered over 6 weeks (3 supervised sessions/week). Six participants discontinued the intervention due to scheduling conflicts (2 per group). Sixty-nine participants completed the 6-week intervention and were included in the final analysis (n=23 per group). The primary outcome was shoulder pain and disability (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, SPADI), assessed at baseline and 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale, NPRS), health-related quality of life (Short Form-12, SF-12), upper limb function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, Quick DASH), range of motion, isometric strength, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, emotional status, and disease-specific quality of life.
- Conditions
- Subacromial Pain Syndrome
- Being tested
- Conventional Exercise Program, ChatGPT-Guided Rehabilitation, DeepSeek-Guided Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Large Language Models, Shoulder Rehabilitation, Subacromial Pain, Artificial Intelligence
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Conventional Exercise ProgramBehavioural
Exercise protocol targeting subacromial pain syndrome, including shoulder mobility, strengthening, and posture correction exercises based on established clinical guidelines.
ChatGPT-Guided RehabilitationBehavioural
AI-generated exercise recommendations from ChatGPT-4 tailored to the patient's profile and applied under physiotherapist supervision.
DeepSeek-Guided RehabilitationBehavioural
Personalized rehabilitation exercises generated by DeepSeek-R1 and implemented under physiotherapist guidance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Standard Exercise Group | Active comparator | Participants receive standard physiotherapy combined with a conventional exercise program for subacromial pain syndrome based on evidence-based clinical guidelines. Each group included 23 participants who completed the 6-week intervention and were included in the final analysis. Receives: Behavioral: Conventional Exercise Program |
| ChatGPT-Guided Exercise Group | Experimental | Participants receive standard physiotherapy combined with exercises generated by the ChatGPT-4o large language model. Each group included 23 participants who completed the 6-week intervention and were included in the final analysis. Receives: Behavioral: ChatGPT-Guided Rehabilitation |
| DeepSeek-Guided Exercise Group | Experimental | Participants receive standard physiotherapy combined with exercises generated by the DeepSeek-R1 large language model. Each group included 23 participants who completed the 6-week intervention and were included in the final analysis. Receives: Behavioral: DeepSeek-Guided Rehabilitation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Disability (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, SPADI)
Disability related to shoulder pain will be measured.Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (0-100; higher scores indicate worse disability).
Measured: Baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention
Secondary outcomes (10)
Change in upper extremity function (Quick DASH)
Functional status of the arm, shoulder, and hand will be assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick DASH) questionnaire. Higher scores indicate greater disability.
Measured: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Change in shoulder range of motion (ROM)
Active range of motion in shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, internal and external rotation will be measured using a standard manual goniometer.
Measured: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Change in Quality of Life (Short Form-12, SF-12)
Health-related quality of life will be evaluated.Short Form-12 (Physical Component 12-48; Mental Component 12-48; higher scores indicate better quality of life).
Measured: Baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention
Change in Pain Intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale, NPRS)
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) at rest, during activity, and at night. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (0-10; higher scores indicate worse pain).
Measured: Baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention
Change in shoulder and elbow muscle strength (K-Force)
Isometric muscle strength of shoulder and elbow flexion, extension, and rotation will be assessed using the Kinvent K-Force digital dynamometer. Values will be recorded in Newtons.
Measured: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Change in Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, TSK)
Kinesiophobia will be measured using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK). Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (17-68; higher scores indicate greater fear of movement).
Measured: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Change in shoulder function (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form, ASES)
Shoulder function will be evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES). ASES (0-100; higher scores indicate better shoulder function).
Measured: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Change in Pain Catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PCS)
Pain catastrophizing will be assessed.Pain Catastrophizing Scale (0-52; higher scores indicate worse catastrophizing).
Measured: Baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention
Change in Emotional Status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS)
Anxiety and depression will be evaluated.Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (0-21 for Anxiety subscale, 0-21 for Depression subscale; higher scores indicate worse symptoms).
Measured: Baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention
Change in disease-specific quality of life (Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index, WORC)
Disease-specific quality of life in patients with shoulder pathology will be measured.WORC (0-2100; higher scores indicate worse symptoms / lower quality of life).
Measured: Baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Aug 2025
- Study start25 Sep 2025
- Primary completion1 Dec 2025
- Study completion20 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Subacromial Pain SyndromeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Kirsehir Ahi Evran UniversitesiThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly assigned to three parallel groups: 1. standard physiotherapy combined with a conventional exercise program for subacromial pain syndrome based on current clinical guidelines, 2. standard physiotherapy combined with ChatGPT-guided exercises, and 3. standard physiotherapy combined with DeepSeek-guided exercises.
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Omer Alperen Gurses, Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07148687
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025/874
- Acronym
- LLM-RehabSP
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 3 Aug 2025
- Last updated
- 27 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to ethical restrictions and institutional policy. The study was not designed with external data sharing in scope.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of ChatGPT and DeepSeek-Guided Rehabilitation on Clinical Outcomes in Individuals With Subacromial Pain Syndrome
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07148687
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- LLM-RehabSP / 2025/874
- Conditions
- Subacromial Pain Syndrome
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Large Language Models, Shoulder Rehabilitation, Subacromial Pain, Artificial Intelligence
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Kirsehir Ahi Evran UniversitesiUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 25 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to evaluate the effects of rehabilitation programs supported by artificial intelligence-based large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT and DeepSeek, in individuals with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: standard physiotherapy, standard physiotherapy plus ChatGPT-guided exercises, and standard physiotherapy plus DeepSeek-guided exercises. Outcomes including pain, disability, quality of life, muscle strength, and joint range of motion will be assessed before and after a 6-week intervention. The results will help determine whether AI-generated exercise recommendations can enhance clinical outcomes when combined with conventional physiotherapy.
Detailed description
This completed randomized controlled trial investigated the clinical effects of integrating AI-generated exercise recommendations into conventional physiotherapy for individuals with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). A total of 82 individuals were assessed for eligibility; 7 were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria. Seventy-five participants provided consent and were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to 3 groups (n=25 each): (1) conventional physiotherapy plus a conventional exercise program, (2) conventional physiotherapy plus ChatGPT-guided exercises, and (3) conventional physiotherapy plus DeepSeek-guided exercises. The allocation sequence was generated using simple computer-based randomization by an independent staff member and was revealed after completion of baseline assessments. Interventions were delivered over 6 weeks (3 supervised sessions/week). Six participants discontinued the intervention due to scheduling conflicts (2 per group). Sixty-nine participants completed the 6-week intervention and were included in the final analysis (n=23 per group). The primary outcome was shoulder pain and disability (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, SPADI), assessed at baseline and 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale, NPRS), health-related quality of life (Short Form-12, SF-12), upper limb function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, Quick DASH), range of motion, isometric strength, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, emotional status, and disease-specific quality of life.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Participants will be randomly assigned to three parallel groups: 1. standard physiotherapy combined with a conventional exercise program for subacromial pain syndrome based on current clinical guidelines, 2. standard physiotherapy combined with ChatGPT-guided exercises, and 3. standard physiotherapy combined with DeepSeek-guided exercises.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Standard Exercise Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Conventional Exercise ProgramParticipants receive standard physiotherapy combined with a conventional exercise program for subacromial pain syndrome based on evidence-based clinical guidelines. Each group included 23 participants who completed the 6-week intervention and were included in the final analysis. |
| ChatGPT-Guided Exercise Group | Experimental | Behavioral: ChatGPT-Guided RehabilitationParticipants receive standard physiotherapy combined with exercises generated by the ChatGPT-4o large language model. Each group included 23 participants who completed the 6-week intervention and were included in the final analysis. |
| DeepSeek-Guided Exercise Group | Experimental | Behavioral: DeepSeek-Guided RehabilitationParticipants receive standard physiotherapy combined with exercises generated by the DeepSeek-R1 large language model. Each group included 23 participants who completed the 6-week intervention and were included in the final analysis. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Being between the ages of 18 and 65
- Having been diagnosed with Subacromial Pain Syndrome (SAPS) for at least four weeks, diagnosed through clinical and physical examination
- Actively maintaining shoulder range of motion
- Being cognitively and physically capable of participating in an exercise program
- Agreeing to participate voluntarily in the research process and providing written consent
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Presence of other shoulder pathologies such as rotator cuff tear, frozen shoulder, glenohumeral instability, or labrum tear
- Presence of conditions included in the differential diagnosis such as cervical radiculopathy, neurological disorders, rheumatological diseases, or fibromyalgia
- History of shoulder surgery within the last 6 months
- Pregnancy
- History of systemic or neuromuscular disease
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional Exercise ProgramExercise protocol targeting subacromial pain syndrome, including shoulder mobility, strengthening, and posture correction exercises based on established clinical guidelines. | Behavioural | Standard Exercise Group |
| ChatGPT-Guided RehabilitationAI-generated exercise recommendations from ChatGPT-4 tailored to the patient's profile and applied under physiotherapist supervision. | Behavioural | ChatGPT-Guided Exercise Group |
| DeepSeek-Guided RehabilitationPersonalized rehabilitation exercises generated by DeepSeek-R1 and implemented under physiotherapist guidance. | Behavioural | DeepSeek-Guided Exercise Group |
Primary outcome
Change in Disability (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, SPADI)
Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention
Disability related to shoulder pain will be measured.Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (0-100; higher scores indicate worse disability).
10 secondary outcomes
Change in upper extremity function (Quick DASH)
Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Change in shoulder range of motion (ROM)
Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Change in Quality of Life (Short Form-12, SF-12)
Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention
Change in Pain Intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale, NPRS)
Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention
Change in shoulder and elbow muscle strength (K-Force)
Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Change in Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, TSK)
Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Change in shoulder function (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form, ASES)
Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Change in Pain Catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PCS)
Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention
Change in Emotional Status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS)
Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention
Change in disease-specific quality of life (Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index, WORC)
Time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Feb 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to ethical restrictions and institutional policy. The study was not designed with external data sharing in scope.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Conventional Exercise Program, ChatGPT-Guided Rehabilitation and DeepSeek-Guided Rehabilitation in people with Subacromial Pain Syndrome, run by Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Disability (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, SPADI) (time frame: Baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Feb 2026.