Nicotine DependenceNCT07123389
Family and Peer Influences on Nicotine Dependence in Medical Students of South Punjab
An observational study of Nicotine Dependence and Tobacco Use Disorder, run by Nishtar Medical University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
The goal of this cross-sectional observational study is to assess the impact of family functioning and peer pressure on nicotine dependence in medical students enrolled at medical colleges in South Punjab, Pakistan (both male and female; aged 18 and older). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Nicotine Dependence, Tobacco Use Disorder, Family Functioning
- How many people
- 366 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 13 May 2025to 15 Jul 2025
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: This study will recruit medical students enrolled at public and private medical colleges across South Punjab, Pakistan. Participants will be young adults aged 18 and above who are pursuing their Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degrees. The population will consist of students from all academic years and diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Medical students were selected due to their future role as healthcare providers and their unique stressors, making them an important group for understanding the interplay of family functioning, peer pressure, and nicotine dependence.
Who may be able to join
- Medical students currently enrolled in public or private medical colleges in South Punjab, Pakistan
- Aged 18 years or older
- Voluntarily consent to participate in the study
Who cannot join
- Refusal to provide informed consent
- Absence or unavailability at the time of data collection
- Incomplete questionnaire or failure to complete the questionnaire
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site
Nishtar Medical University
Multan Khurd, Punjab Province, 66000
About this study
Official title: Impact of Family Functioning and Peer Pressure on Nicotine Dependence: A Cross-sectional Study Among Medical Students in South Punjab, Pakistan
The goal of this cross-sectional observational study is to assess the impact of family functioning and peer pressure on nicotine dependence in medical students enrolled at medical colleges in South Punjab, Pakistan (both male and female; aged 18 and older). The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does family dysfunction contribute to higher nicotine dependence in medical students? Does peer pressure intensify the effect of family dysfunction on nicotine dependence? Are there gender or academic year differences in smoking status and peer pressure?
Read more
If there is a comparison group:
Researchers will compare students from functional families vs. dysfunctional families to see if nicotine dependence differs, especially under the influence of peer pressure.
Participants will:
Complete a structured, self-administered questionnaire which includes:
The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) to assess nicotine addiction severity.
The Family Assessment Device-General Functioning (FAD-GF) to evaluate family functioning.
The Peer Pressure Scale to identify direct and indirect peer pressure. Provide demographic information (age, gender, year of study, smoking status) for descriptive and comparative analyses.
- Keywords
- Tobacco Use Disorder, Smoking, Medical Students, Family Relations, Peer Influence, Nicotine
- Medical subject headings
- Tobacco Use Disorder, Smoking
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Medical Students in South Punjab | Students enrolled at medical colleges in South Punjab, Pakistan who consent to participate. They will complete a structured, self-administered questionnaire assessing nicotine dependence (FTND), family functioning (FAD-GF), and peer pressure, along with basic demographic information. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Nicotine Dependence Score as assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)
Primary Outcome: Nicotine Dependence
The primary outcome of this study is the level of nicotine dependence among medical students, measured using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The FTND provides a continuous score ranging from 0 to 10, based on six items. Three of these items are yes/no questions, scored as 0 (No) and 1 (Yes). The remaining three are multiple-choice questions, scored from 0 to 3. The scores from all six items are summed to calculate the total dependence score.
Classification of Nicotine Dependence:
0-2: Very Low
3-4: Low
5: Moderate
6-7: High
8-10: Very High
This continuous FTND score will be used to assess the impact of family functioning and peer pressure on the severity of nicotine addiction.
Measured: Day 1
Secondary outcomes (2)
Prevalence of Dysfunctional Family Functioning as assessed by the Family Assessment Device-General Functioning (FAD-GF)
To evaluate the relationship between family functioning and nicotine dependence, the proportion of medical students reporting dysfunctional family functioning will be assessed. Participants will be provided with the Family Assessment Device - General Functioning subscale (FAD-GF), which includes 12 items designed to measure overall family functioning. Each item will be rated on a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (Strongly Agree) to 4 (Strongly Disagree). Negatively worded items will require reverse coding to ensure scoring consistency, as higher scores will indicate poorer family functioning.
A cutoff mean score of 2.00 will be used to classify family functioning:
Mean score ≥ 2.00: Indicative of dysfunctional or unhealthy family functioning
Mean score < 2.00: Indicative of functional or healthy family functioning
This classification will allow examination of the association between family functioning status and the severity of nicotine dependence, as measured by
Measured: Day 1
Prevalence of Peer Pressure Exposure as assessed by the Peer Pressure Scale
Peer pressure will be assessed using the Indicators of Peer Pressure adopted from Subramaniam et al. The questionnaire will contain six questions divided into direct and indirect peer pressure. Students will be asked to answer 'yes' or 'no' to each question. There will be three questions assessing direct peer pressure and three assessing indirect peer pressure. Students who answer 'yes' to any question will be considered to have experienced peer pressure, while those who respond 'no' to all questions will be classified as free from peer pressure.
Measured: Day 1
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Aug 2025
- Study start13 May 2025
- Primary completion2 Jul 2025
- Study completion15 Jul 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Nicotine DependenceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 366 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Nishtar Medical University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Fakiha Sultana Malik, Nishtar Medical University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07123389
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 8975/NMU
- Status last verified
- Aug 2025
- First submitted
- 24 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 14 Aug 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Aug 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Impact of Family Functioning and Peer Pressure on Nicotine Dependence: A Cross-sectional Study Among Medical Students in South Punjab, Pakistan
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07123389
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 8975/NMU
- Keywords
- Tobacco Use Disorder, Smoking, Medical Students, Family Relations, Peer Influence, Nicotine
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 366 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Nishtar Medical UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 13 May 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 2 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Jul 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this cross-sectional observational study is to assess the impact of family functioning and peer pressure on nicotine dependence in medical students enrolled at medical colleges in South Punjab, Pakistan (both male and female; aged 18 and older). The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does family dysfunction contribute to higher nicotine dependence in medical students? Does peer pressure intensify the effect of family dysfunction on nicotine dependence? Are there gender or academic year differences in smoking status and peer pressure?
If there is a comparison group:
Researchers will compare students from functional families vs. dysfunctional families to see if nicotine dependence differs, especially under the influence of peer pressure.
Participants will:
Complete a structured, self-administered questionnaire which includes:
The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) to assess nicotine addiction severity.
The Family Assessment Device-General Functioning (FAD-GF) to evaluate family functioning.
The Peer Pressure Scale to identify direct and indirect peer pressure. Provide demographic information (age, gender, year of study, smoking status) for descriptive and comparative analyses.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Medical Students in South Punjab | – | –Students enrolled at medical colleges in South Punjab, Pakistan who consent to participate. They will complete a structured, self-administered questionnaire assessing nicotine dependence (FTND), family functioning (FAD-GF), and peer pressure, along with basic demographic information. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- This study will recruit medical students enrolled at public and private medical colleges across South Punjab, Pakistan. Participants will be young adults aged 18 and above who are pursuing their Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degrees. The population will consist of students from all academic years and diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Medical students were selected due to their future role as healthcare providers and their unique stressors, making them an important group for understanding the interplay of family functioning, peer pressure, and nicotine dependence.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Medical students currently enrolled in public or private medical colleges in South Punjab, Pakistan
- Aged 18 years or older
- Voluntarily consent to participate in the study
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Refusal to provide informed consent
- Absence or unavailability at the time of data collection
- Incomplete questionnaire or failure to complete the questionnaire
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Nicotine Dependence Score as assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)
Time frame: Day 1
Primary Outcome: Nicotine Dependence The primary outcome of this study is the level of nicotine dependence among medical students, measured using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The FTND provides a continuous score ranging from 0 to 10, based on six items. Three of these items are yes/no questions, scored as 0 (No) and 1 (Yes). The remaining three are multiple-choice questions, scored from 0 to 3. The scores from all six items are summed to calculate the total dependence score. Classification of Nicotine Dependence: 0-2: Very Low 3-4: Low 5: Moderate 6-7: High 8-10: Very High This continuous FTND score will be used to assess the impact of family functioning and peer pressure on the severity of nicotine addiction.
2 secondary outcomes
Prevalence of Dysfunctional Family Functioning as assessed by the Family Assessment Device-General Functioning (FAD-GF)
Time frame: Day 1
Prevalence of Peer Pressure Exposure as assessed by the Peer Pressure Scale
Time frame: Day 1
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Aug 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Nicotine Dependence and Tobacco Use Disorder, run by Nishtar Medical University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Nicotine Dependence Score as assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) (time frame: Day 1). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Aug 2025.