Chronic Kidney DiseaseNCT07093684
Dementia and Kidney Disease: Epidemiological Approaches to Risk Factors and Treatment Strategies
An observational study of Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Kidney Injuries, run by Karolinska Institutet at 1 site in Sweden.
Trial summary
Kidney disease and dementia are both common in older adults, posing a significant burden on individuals and society. Growing evidence suggests that there may be links between the kidney and the brain. However, few studies have explored how these two conditions are connected in the general population. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Chronic Kidney Disease, Acute Kidney Injuries, Real World Study
- What is being tested?
- Kidney disease
- How many people
- 200,000 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSweden
- Study dates
- 1 Jan 2007to 31 Dec 2026
- How long will I take part?
- 15 Years
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: This project uses the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem), merged with the Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements (SCREAM) project, to access healthcare data and obtain measurements of serum creatinine from both inpatient and outpatient care. It also uses the Swedish National Patient Registry (NPR) to include diagnoses made in specialist clinics and hospitals, the Prescribed Drug Registry (which includes all prescribed medications), and the Total Population Register and Causes of Death Registry (CDR) to obtain dates of death.
Who may be able to join
- Population with dementia (all type) and kidney function measurements/Chronic kidney diagnosis
Who cannot join
- Population lack of important baseline and follow-up information such as year of birth and sex.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Kidney disease and dementia are both common in older adults, posing a significant burden on individuals and society. Growing evidence suggests that there may be links between the kidney and the brain. However, few studies have explored how these two conditions are connected in the general population. Understanding this link could help improve care for people living with either or both conditions.
This observational project aims to explore the two-way relationship between kidney disease and dementia. The main questions the investigators want to answer are:
Read more
- Does kidney disease increase the risk or worsen the progression of dementia?
- Does having dementia increase the risk or worsen the progression of kidney disease (both chronic and acute)?
- Do reno-protective drugs help protect cognitive decline?
- Do anti-dementia drugs help preserve kidney function?
To answer these questions, the investigators will analyze data collected over a period of 12 years, including people diagnosed with dementia, kidney disease, or both, using several large Swedish and international health registries:
- The Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem)
- The Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements (SCREAM) project
- The Swedish Renal Registry (SRR)
- The GeroCovid Cohort
- The Registry of Dementia of Girona (ReDeGi)
- Cognitive impairment cohort from memory clinic, Karolinska University Hospital
This study will apply both traditional and advanced epidemiological methods, including multivariable regression, survival analysis, mixed-effects models, and machine learning (ML) techniques to examine long-term trends and associations.
- Conditions
- Chronic Kidney Disease, Acute Kidney Injuries, Real World Study, Dementia, Cholinergic System, Cognitive Decline
- Being tested
- Kidney disease
- Medical subject headings
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Acute Kidney Injury, Dementia, Cognitive Dysfunction, Alzheimer Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Kidney diseaseOther
This is a registry-based observational study investigating the association between kidney disease and dementia-related outcomes. Kidney disease is not assigned or manipulated by the researchers but is classified as an exposure based on diagnostic codes (e.g., ICD codes), and related laboratory test recorded in health registers.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem) Cohort | SveDem was established in 2007 with the purpose of increasing the quality of dementia care in Sweden. SveDem aims to register all dementia patients in Sweden at the time of dementia diagnosis and includes annual follow-ups. The registry stores data on demographics, living conditions, cognitive evaluation by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), type of dementia, community support and pharmacological management. Receives: Other: Kidney disease | |
| The SCREAM project | SCREAM is a healthcare utilization cohort of all Stockholm residents that accessed SLL healthcare and had a measurement of serum creatinine in either in- or outpatient care. The database includes 2 million individuals (and >60 million laboratory tests). The kidney function and other laboratory tests are already collected. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Mini Mental Status Examination
The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a standardized test used to screen for cognitive impairment and dementia. It assesses five domains of cognitive function including: orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language. The score range from 0 to 30. A score of 23 or lower is indicative of cognitive impairment. The MMSE takes only 5-10 minutes to test. MMSE is used at both baseline and follow-up visits.
Measured: MMSE will be assessed at baseline (dementia diagnosis) and at each follow-up visit every 12 months, up to 15 years or until death, whichever occurs first. Data will be reported at each time point and at study completion.
Secondary outcomes (2)
All-cause mortality
All-cause mortality will be defined as death from any cause, identified through linkage with the national death registry. Date of death will be recorded to calculate time-to-death from baseline.
Measured: Will be assessed continuously from baseline up to 15 years until the end of follow-up.
Incidence of advanced dementia
Advanced dementia will be defined based on MMSE score ≤10. MMSE scores range from 0 to 30, with lower scores indicating worse cognitive function. MMSE score will be identified from clinical follow-up records.
Measured: Will be assessed annually from baseline (dementia) up to 15 years or until death, whichever occurs first.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Jul 2025
- Study start1 Jan 2007
- Primary completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Chronic Kidney DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Karolinska InstitutetThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 200,000 participants (estimated)
- Target duration
- 15 Years
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Karolinska Institutet
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hong Xu, Karolinska Institutet
- Investigators
- Hong Xu, Principal investigator, Karolinska Institutet
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07093684
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- VR Starting grant #2022-01428
- Status last verified
- Jul 2025
- First submitted
- 7 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 3 Aug 2025
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: The data contains specific categories of personal data according to Article 9 of the General data protection regulation (GDPR) and KI is thus prohibited from sharing the data without an explicit consent from the registered or approval from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (according to Section 3 and section 6 of the Ethical Review Act (2003:456)).
Publications
Greenwald R. The handling of corneal donor tissue before penetrating keratoplasty. Todays OR Nurse. 1994 Sep-Oct;16(5):33-5.
PubMed 7974647Tsai HH, Yen RF, Lin CL, Kao CH. Increased risk of dementia in patients hospitalized with acute kidney injury: A nationwide population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2017 Feb 13;12(2):e0171671. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171671. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 28192452Xu H, Garcia-Ptacek S, Jonsson L, Wimo A, Nordstrom P, Eriksdotter M. Long-term Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Cognitive Decline and Mortality. Neurology. 2021 Apr 27;96(17):e2220-e2230. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011832. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
PubMed 33741639Saeed RW, Varma S, Peng-Nemeroff T, Sherry B, Balakhaneh D, Huston J, Tracey KJ, Al-Abed Y, Metz CN. Cholinergic stimulation blocks endothelial cell activation and leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. J Exp Med. 2005 Apr 4;201(7):1113-23. doi: 10.1084/jem.20040463.
PubMed 15809354Gansevoort RT, Correa-Rotter R, Hemmelgarn BR, Jafar TH, Heerspink HJ, Mann JF, Matsushita K, Wen CP. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. Lancet. 2013 Jul 27;382(9889):339-52. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60595-4. Epub 2013 May 31.
PubMed 23727170Eckardt KU, Coresh J, Devuyst O, Johnson RJ, Kottgen A, Levey AS, Levin A. Evolving importance of kidney disease: from subspecialty to global health burden. Lancet. 2013 Jul 13;382(9887):158-69. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60439-0. Epub 2013 May 31.
PubMed 23727165Wang J, Gu BJ, Masters CL, Wang YJ. A systemic view of Alzheimer disease - insights from amyloid-beta metabolism beyond the brain. Nat Rev Neurol. 2017 Sep 29;13(10):612-623. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.111.
PubMed 28960209
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Aug 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Dementia and Kidney Disease: Epidemiological Approaches to Risk Factors and Treatment Strategies
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07093684
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- VR Starting grant #2022-01428
- Conditions
- Chronic Kidney Disease, Acute Kidney Injuries, Real World Study, Dementia, Cholinergic System, Cognitive Decline
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 200,000 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Karolinska InstitutetUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jan 2007 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 30 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Kidney disease and dementia are both common in older adults, posing a significant burden on individuals and society. Growing evidence suggests that there may be links between the kidney and the brain. However, few studies have explored how these two conditions are connected in the general population. Understanding this link could help improve care for people living with either or both conditions.
This observational project aims to explore the two-way relationship between kidney disease and dementia. The main questions the investigators want to answer are:
- Does kidney disease increase the risk or worsen the progression of dementia?
- Does having dementia increase the risk or worsen the progression of kidney disease (both chronic and acute)?
- Do reno-protective drugs help protect cognitive decline?
- Do anti-dementia drugs help preserve kidney function?
To answer these questions, the investigators will analyze data collected over a period of 12 years, including people diagnosed with dementia, kidney disease, or both, using several large Swedish and international health registries:
- The Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem)
- The Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements (SCREAM) project
- The Swedish Renal Registry (SRR)
- The GeroCovid Cohort
- The Registry of Dementia of Girona (ReDeGi)
- Cognitive impairment cohort from memory clinic, Karolinska University Hospital
This study will apply both traditional and advanced epidemiological methods, including multivariable regression, survival analysis, mixed-effects models, and machine learning (ML) techniques to examine long-term trends and associations.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Target follow-up
- 15 Years
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem) Cohort | – | Other: Kidney diseaseSveDem was established in 2007 with the purpose of increasing the quality of dementia care in Sweden. SveDem aims to register all dementia patients in Sweden at the time of dementia diagnosis and includes annual follow-ups. The registry stores data on demographics, living conditions, cognitive evaluation by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), type of dementia, community support and pharmacological management. |
| The SCREAM project | – | –SCREAM is a healthcare utilization cohort of all Stockholm residents that accessed SLL healthcare and had a measurement of serum creatinine in either in- or outpatient care. The database includes 2 million individuals (and >60 million laboratory tests). The kidney function and other laboratory tests are already collected. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- This project uses the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem), merged with the Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements (SCREAM) project, to access healthcare data and obtain measurements of serum creatinine from both inpatient and outpatient care. It also uses the Swedish National Patient Registry (NPR) to include diagnoses made in specialist clinics and hospitals, the Prescribed Drug Registry (which includes all prescribed medications), and the Total Population Register and Causes of Death Registry (CDR) to obtain dates of death.
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Population with dementia (all type) and kidney function measurements/Chronic kidney diagnosis
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Population lack of important baseline and follow-up information such as year of birth and sex.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Kidney diseaseThis is a registry-based observational study investigating the association between kidney disease and dementia-related outcomes. Kidney disease is not assigned or manipulated by the researchers but is classified as an exposure based on diagnostic codes (e.g., ICD codes), and related laboratory test recorded in health registers. | Other | Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem) Cohort |
Primary outcome
Mini Mental Status Examination
Time frame: MMSE will be assessed at baseline (dementia diagnosis) and at each follow-up visit every 12 months, up to 15 years or until death, whichever occurs first. Data will be reported at each time point and at study completion.
The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a standardized test used to screen for cognitive impairment and dementia. It assesses five domains of cognitive function including: orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language. The score range from 0 to 30. A score of 23 or lower is indicative of cognitive impairment. The MMSE takes only 5-10 minutes to test. MMSE is used at both baseline and follow-up visits.
2 secondary outcomes
All-cause mortality
Time frame: Will be assessed continuously from baseline up to 15 years until the end of follow-up.
Incidence of advanced dementia
Time frame: Will be assessed annually from baseline (dementia) up to 15 years or until death, whichever occurs first.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Aug 2025.
- Background: PubMed 7974647Greenwald R. The handling of corneal donor tissue before penetrating keratoplasty. Todays OR Nurse. 1994 Sep-Oct;16(5):33-5.
- Background: PubMed 28192452Tsai HH, Yen RF, Lin CL, Kao CH. Increased risk of dementia in patients hospitalized with acute kidney injury: A nationwide population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2017 Feb 13;12(2):e0171671. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171671. eCollection 2017.
- Background: PubMed 33741639Xu H, Garcia-Ptacek S, Jonsson L, Wimo A, Nordstrom P, Eriksdotter M. Long-term Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Cognitive Decline and Mortality. Neurology. 2021 Apr 27;96(17):e2220-e2230. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011832. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
- Background: PubMed 15809354Saeed RW, Varma S, Peng-Nemeroff T, Sherry B, Balakhaneh D, Huston J, Tracey KJ, Al-Abed Y, Metz CN. Cholinergic stimulation blocks endothelial cell activation and leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. J Exp Med. 2005 Apr 4;201(7):1113-23. doi: 10.1084/jem.20040463.
- Background: PubMed 23727170Gansevoort RT, Correa-Rotter R, Hemmelgarn BR, Jafar TH, Heerspink HJ, Mann JF, Matsushita K, Wen CP. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. Lancet. 2013 Jul 27;382(9889):339-52. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60595-4. Epub 2013 May 31.
- Background: PubMed 23727165Eckardt KU, Coresh J, Devuyst O, Johnson RJ, Kottgen A, Levey AS, Levin A. Evolving importance of kidney disease: from subspecialty to global health burden. Lancet. 2013 Jul 13;382(9887):158-69. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60439-0. Epub 2013 May 31.
- Background: PubMed 28960209Wang J, Gu BJ, Masters CL, Wang YJ. A systemic view of Alzheimer disease - insights from amyloid-beta metabolism beyond the brain. Nat Rev Neurol. 2017 Sep 29;13(10):612-623. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.111.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. The data contains specific categories of personal data according to Article 9 of the General data protection regulation (GDPR) and KI is thus prohibited from sharing the data without an explicit consent from the registered or approval from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (according to Section 3 and section 6 of the Ethical Review Act (2003:456)).
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Hong Xu principal investigator
Karolinska Institutet
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Kidney Injuries, run by Karolinska Institutet at 1 site in Sweden.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Sweden. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Mini Mental Status Examination (time frame: MMSE will be assessed at baseline (dementia diagnosis) and at each follow-up visit every 12 months, up to 15 years or until death, whichever occurs first. Data will be reported at each time point and at study completion.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07093684, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Aug 2025.