Activity, MotorBiomarkersNCT07092969
Comparison of the Effects of Aerobic-Anaerobic Exercises on Hormonal and Immune Biomarkers
A study testing Treadmill Exercise and Bicycle Exercise in people with Activity, Motor and Biomarkers, run by Sakarya Applied Sciences University.
Trial summary
This study aims to compare the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on hormonal, immunological, and metabolic biomarkers in young individuals using blood and saliva samples. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Activity, Motor, Biomarkers, Exercise
- What is being tested?
- Treadmill Exercise and Bicycle Exercise
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 15 Sep 2025to 15 Sep 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Being a university student,
- Being between the ages of 18 and 25.
Who cannot join
- Having orthopedic problems that prevent exercise,
- Having cognitive or mental health problems that prevent participation in exercise,
- Having chronic systemic diseases such as cardiac, pulmonary, or nephrological.
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
About this study
Official title: Comparison of the Effects of Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercises on Hormonal and Immune Biomarkers Measured by Blood and Saliva in Young Individuals
This study aims to compare the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on hormonal, immunological, and metabolic biomarkers in young individuals using blood and saliva samples. It will also assess participants' physical activity levels, depression levels, and general lifestyle habits to explore their relationship with biomarker profiles. Biomarkers such as testosterone, progesterone, cortisol, IgA, alpha-amylase, insulin, lactate, and various inflammatory cytokines will be measured using ELISA. The study seeks to evaluate the physiological and psychosocial effects of different types of exercise in a holistic manner.
Read the detailed description
Exercise is a complex stimulus that induces multifaceted effects on an individual's physiological and psychological systems. Aerobic and anaerobic types of exercise differ in terms of their energy production pathways and metabolic responses in the body. Aerobic exercises are long-duration, oxygen-dependent activities, while anaerobic exercises are short-duration, high-intensity activities that activate oxygen-independent energy systems.
These types of exercise cause various hormonal, immunological, and metabolic changes in the body. After exercise, significant changes are observed in biomarkers such as stress hormones (cortisol, progesterone), anabolic hormones (testosterone), immune system markers (IgA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4), and metabolic parameters (amylase, insulin, lactate). The fact that these parameters can be measured from both blood and saliva samples has increased the use of non-invasive methods in exercise physiology studies.
The level of physical activity is directly related not only to biological systems but also to an individual's psychological health and lifestyle habits. Research shows that regular physical activity reduces levels of depression and improves quality of life. The positive effects of exercise on the immune system become more significant when considered in conjunction with an individual's general lifestyle habits (nutrition, sleep, stress levels, substance use, etc.). It is particularly known that individuals with depression have high cortisol levels and suppressed IgA levels. Therefore, depression levels and lifestyle habits are important variables that affect the physiological responses to exercise.
This study will compare the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on hormonal, immunological, and metabolic biomarkers measured via blood and saliva samples in young individuals. Additionally, the participants' physical activity levels, depression levels, and general lifestyle habits will be evaluated to explore the relationship between these variables and biomarker profiles. Measurements will include levels of testosterone, progesterone, cortisol, IgA, alpha-amylase, insulin, lactate, and various inflammatory cytokines, assessed using the ELISA method. In this way, the biological effects of different types of exercise will be evaluated from both physiological and psychosocial perspectives.
The main aim of this study is to comparatively examine the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercises on hormonal, immunological, and metabolic biomarkers measured through blood and saliva samples in young individuals. Additionally, the relationship between the participants' physical activity level, depression level, and general lifestyle habits (nutrition, sleep patterns, substance use, etc.) with these biomarkers will be investigated, as well as the potential modulatory effects on the physiological responses to exercise.
- Conditions
- Activity, Motor, Biomarkers, Exercise, Immunity
- Being tested
- Treadmill Exercise, Bicycle Exercise
- Keywords
- Exercise physiology, Aerobic and anaerobic exercis, Hormonal and immunological responses, Physical activity
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Treadmill ExerciseDevice
Participants in this group will perform an aerobic exercise using the Bruce Protocol on a treadmill. The test involves walking or running with gradually increasing speed and incline in predefined stages to assess cardiovascular endurance. Heart rate, blood pressure, and fatigue levels will be recorded at each stage. The session will conclude with a low-intensity cool-down phase.
Bicycle ExerciseDevice
The Wingate Anaerobic Test will be conducted using an ergometer bike. After a standardized warm-up, participants will pedal all-out for 30 seconds against a preset resistance, aiming to evaluate their anaerobic performance. Physiological parameters including power output, heart rate, and oxygen saturation will be monitored throughout the test.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group I - Control Group: | No intervention | This group will not receive any training intervention. Participants will only undergo the Bruce Protocol and Wingate tests to serve as a baseline reference for physiological responses, allowing comparison with the other two groups. |
| Group II - Treadmill Exercise (Bruce Protocol): | Experimental | Participants will perform the Bruce Protocol on a treadmill, which involves progressive stages of increasing speed and incline to challenge cardiovascular endurance. At each stage, heart rate, blood pressure, and fatigue level will be recorded. The session will end with a cool-down phase. Receives: Device: Treadmill Exercise |
| Group III - Bicycle Exercise (Wingate Anaerobic Test): | Experimental | This group will perform the Wingate Anaerobic Test using a stationary exercise bike. Following a warm-up, participants will cycle at maximum effort for 30 seconds to assess anaerobic performance. Data collected will include pedaling speed, power output, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. Receives: Device: Bicycle Exercise |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Salivary Testosterone Level
Measurement of testosterone concentration in saliva pre- and post-exercise.
Measured: Time Frame: Baseline and immediately post-exercise Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Change in Salivary Cortisol Level
Measurement of cortisol concentration in saliva before and after aerobic and anaerobic exercise protocols.
Measured: Time Frame: Baseline (pre-exercise) and immediately post-exercise (within 1 hour) Unit of Measure: ng/mL
Change in Salivary Progesterone Level
Salivary progesterone levels before and after exercise.
Measured: Time Frame: Baseline and immediately post-exercise Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Change in Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity
Enzymatic activity of salivary alpha-amylase as a stress marker.
Measured: Time Frame: Baseline and post-exercise Unit of Measure: U/mL
Change in Blood Lactate Level
Lactate concentration in blood samples collected before and after exercise.
Measured: Time Frame: Baseline and post-exercise Unit of Measure: µIU/mL
Change in Serum Cytokine Levels (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α)
Evaluation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum.
Measured: Time Frame: Baseline and immediately post-exercise Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Change in Salivary Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
Level of IgA in saliva as a marker of mucosal immune response.
Measured: Time Frame: Baseline and post-exercise Unit of Measure: µg/mL
Secondary outcomes (2)
Change in Depression Score (Beck Depression Inventory-II)
Assessment of participants' depressive symptoms using the validated Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).
Measured: Time Frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and post-intervention (within 1 hour after final session) Unit of Measure: Score (range: 0-63) Method of Measurement: Self-reported questionnaire
Change in Physical Activity Level (IPAQ-Short Form)
Evaluation of participants' physical activity levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF), which estimates physical activity over the last 7 days in MET-minutes/week.
Measured: Time Frame: Baseline and post-intervention Unit of Measure: MET-minutes/week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Jul 2025
- Study start15 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion15 Mar 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Sep 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Activity, MotorStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The study will be conducted in 2025 with 90 voluntary university students from the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation at Sakarya University of Applied Sciences. Participants will be aged 18-25 and free of chronic illnesses. Inclusion criteria are being a university student and within the specified age range. Exclusion criteria include orthopedic, cognitive, mental health problems, or chronic systemic diseases. Eligible students will be informed about the study's purpose, duration, potential risks, and methods, and will sign informed consent. Participants will be randomly divided into three equal groups, each receiving a different intervention, allowing comparison of physiological responses across groups.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Sakarya Applied Sciences University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Abdurrahim Yıldız, Sakarya Applied Sciences University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07092969
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2
- Other IDs
- 308-2025
- Acronym
- Biomarkers
- Status last verified
- Jul 2025
- First submitted
- 21 Jul 2025
- Last updated
- 30 Jul 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Guest NS, VanDusseldorp TA, Nelson MT, Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Jenkins NDM, Arent SM, Antonio J, Stout JR, Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Goldstein ER, Kalman DS, Campbell BI. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Jan 2;18(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4.
PubMed 33388079Pedersen BK, Hoffman-Goetz L. Exercise and the immune system: regulation, integration, and adaptation. Physiol Rev. 2000 Jul;80(3):1055-81. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1055.
PubMed 10893431Gleeson M. Immune function in sport and exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Aug;103(2):693-9. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00008.2007. Epub 2007 Feb 15.
PubMed 17303714Mikkelsen K, Stojanovska L, Polenakovic M, Bosevski M, Apostolopoulos V. Exercise and mental health. Maturitas. 2017 Dec;106:48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003. Epub 2017 Sep 7.
PubMed 29150166Schuch FB, Vancampfort D, Firth J, Rosenbaum S, Ward PB, Silva ES, Hallgren M, Ponce De Leon A, Dunn AL, Deslandes AC, Fleck MP, Carvalho AF, Stubbs B. Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Am J Psychiatry. 2018 Jul 1;175(7):631-648. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
PubMed 29690792
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Jul 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of the Effects of Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercises on Hormonal and Immune Biomarkers Measured by Blood and Saliva in Young Individuals
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07092969
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Biomarkers / 2
- Conditions
- Activity, Motor, Biomarkers, Exercise, Immunity
- Keywords
- Exercise physiology, Aerobic and anaerobic exercis, Hormonal and immunological responses, Physical activity
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Sakarya Applied Sciences UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 15 Mar 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 30 Jul 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to compare the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on hormonal, immunological, and metabolic biomarkers in young individuals using blood and saliva samples. It will also assess participants' physical activity levels, depression levels, and general lifestyle habits to explore their relationship with biomarker profiles. Biomarkers such as testosterone, progesterone, cortisol, IgA, alpha-amylase, insulin, lactate, and various inflammatory cytokines will be measured using ELISA. The study seeks to evaluate the physiological and psychosocial effects of different types of exercise in a holistic manner.
Detailed description
Exercise is a complex stimulus that induces multifaceted effects on an individual's physiological and psychological systems. Aerobic and anaerobic types of exercise differ in terms of their energy production pathways and metabolic responses in the body. Aerobic exercises are long-duration, oxygen-dependent activities, while anaerobic exercises are short-duration, high-intensity activities that activate oxygen-independent energy systems.
These types of exercise cause various hormonal, immunological, and metabolic changes in the body. After exercise, significant changes are observed in biomarkers such as stress hormones (cortisol, progesterone), anabolic hormones (testosterone), immune system markers (IgA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4), and metabolic parameters (amylase, insulin, lactate). The fact that these parameters can be measured from both blood and saliva samples has increased the use of non-invasive methods in exercise physiology studies.
The level of physical activity is directly related not only to biological systems but also to an individual's psychological health and lifestyle habits. Research shows that regular physical activity reduces levels of depression and improves quality of life. The positive effects of exercise on the immune system become more significant when considered in conjunction with an individual's general lifestyle habits (nutrition, sleep, stress levels, substance use, etc.). It is particularly known that individuals with depression have high cortisol levels and suppressed IgA levels. Therefore, depression levels and lifestyle habits are important variables that affect the physiological responses to exercise.
This study will compare the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on hormonal, immunological, and metabolic biomarkers measured via blood and saliva samples in young individuals. Additionally, the participants' physical activity levels, depression levels, and general lifestyle habits will be evaluated to explore the relationship between these variables and biomarker profiles. Measurements will include levels of testosterone, progesterone, cortisol, IgA, alpha-amylase, insulin, lactate, and various inflammatory cytokines, assessed using the ELISA method. In this way, the biological effects of different types of exercise will be evaluated from both physiological and psychosocial perspectives.
The main aim of this study is to comparatively examine the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercises on hormonal, immunological, and metabolic biomarkers measured through blood and saliva samples in young individuals. Additionally, the relationship between the participants' physical activity level, depression level, and general lifestyle habits (nutrition, sleep patterns, substance use, etc.) with these biomarkers will be investigated, as well as the potential modulatory effects on the physiological responses to exercise.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- The study will be conducted in 2025 with 90 voluntary university students from the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation at Sakarya University of Applied Sciences. Participants will be aged 18-25 and free of chronic illnesses. Inclusion criteria are being a university student and within the specified age range. Exclusion criteria include orthopedic, cognitive, mental health problems, or chronic systemic diseases. Eligible students will be informed about the study's purpose, duration, potential risks, and methods, and will sign informed consent. Participants will be randomly divided into three equal groups, each receiving a different intervention, allowing comparison of physiological responses across groups.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group I - Control Group: | No intervention | –This group will not receive any training intervention. Participants will only undergo the Bruce Protocol and Wingate tests to serve as a baseline reference for physiological responses, allowing comparison with the other two groups. |
| Group II - Treadmill Exercise (Bruce Protocol): | Experimental | Device: Treadmill ExerciseParticipants will perform the Bruce Protocol on a treadmill, which involves progressive stages of increasing speed and incline to challenge cardiovascular endurance. At each stage, heart rate, blood pressure, and fatigue level will be recorded. The session will end with a cool-down phase. |
| Group III - Bicycle Exercise (Wingate Anaerobic Test): | Experimental | Device: Bicycle ExerciseThis group will perform the Wingate Anaerobic Test using a stationary exercise bike. Following a warm-up, participants will cycle at maximum effort for 30 seconds to assess anaerobic performance. Data collected will include pedaling speed, power output, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Being a university student,
- Being between the ages of 18 and 25.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Having orthopedic problems that prevent exercise,
- Having cognitive or mental health problems that prevent participation in exercise,
- Having chronic systemic diseases such as cardiac, pulmonary, or nephrological.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Treadmill ExerciseParticipants in this group will perform an aerobic exercise using the Bruce Protocol on a treadmill. The test involves walking or running with gradually increasing speed and incline in predefined stages to assess cardiovascular endurance. Heart rate, blood pressure, and fatigue levels will be recorded at each stage. The session will conclude with a low-intensity cool-down phase. | Device | Group II - Treadmill Exercise (Bruce Protocol): |
| Bicycle ExerciseThe Wingate Anaerobic Test will be conducted using an ergometer bike. After a standardized warm-up, participants will pedal all-out for 30 seconds against a preset resistance, aiming to evaluate their anaerobic performance. Physiological parameters including power output, heart rate, and oxygen saturation will be monitored throughout the test. | Device | Group III - Bicycle Exercise (Wingate Anaerobic Test): |
Primary outcome
Change in Salivary Testosterone Level
Time frame: Time Frame: Baseline and immediately post-exercise Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Measurement of testosterone concentration in saliva pre- and post-exercise.
Change in Salivary Cortisol Level
Time frame: Time Frame: Baseline (pre-exercise) and immediately post-exercise (within 1 hour) Unit of Measure: ng/mL
Measurement of cortisol concentration in saliva before and after aerobic and anaerobic exercise protocols.
Change in Salivary Progesterone Level
Time frame: Time Frame: Baseline and immediately post-exercise Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Salivary progesterone levels before and after exercise.
Change in Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity
Time frame: Time Frame: Baseline and post-exercise Unit of Measure: U/mL
Enzymatic activity of salivary alpha-amylase as a stress marker.
Change in Blood Lactate Level
Time frame: Time Frame: Baseline and post-exercise Unit of Measure: µIU/mL
Lactate concentration in blood samples collected before and after exercise.
Change in Serum Cytokine Levels (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α)
Time frame: Time Frame: Baseline and immediately post-exercise Unit of Measure: pg/mL
Evaluation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum.
Change in Salivary Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
Time frame: Time Frame: Baseline and post-exercise Unit of Measure: µg/mL
Level of IgA in saliva as a marker of mucosal immune response.
2 secondary outcomes
Change in Depression Score (Beck Depression Inventory-II)
Time frame: Time Frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and post-intervention (within 1 hour after final session) Unit of Measure: Score (range: 0-63) Method of Measurement: Self-reported questionnaire
Change in Physical Activity Level (IPAQ-Short Form)
Time frame: Time Frame: Baseline and post-intervention Unit of Measure: MET-minutes/week
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Jul 2025.
- Results publication: PubMed 33388079Guest NS, VanDusseldorp TA, Nelson MT, Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Jenkins NDM, Arent SM, Antonio J, Stout JR, Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Goldstein ER, Kalman DS, Campbell BI. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Jan 2;18(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4.
- Results publication: PubMed 10893431Pedersen BK, Hoffman-Goetz L. Exercise and the immune system: regulation, integration, and adaptation. Physiol Rev. 2000 Jul;80(3):1055-81. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1055.
- Results publication: PubMed 17303714Gleeson M. Immune function in sport and exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Aug;103(2):693-9. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00008.2007. Epub 2007 Feb 15.
- Results publication: PubMed 29150166Mikkelsen K, Stojanovska L, Polenakovic M, Bosevski M, Apostolopoulos V. Exercise and mental health. Maturitas. 2017 Dec;106:48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003. Epub 2017 Sep 7.
- Results publication: PubMed 29690792Schuch FB, Vancampfort D, Firth J, Rosenbaum S, Ward PB, Silva ES, Hallgren M, Ponce De Leon A, Dunn AL, Deslandes AC, Fleck MP, Carvalho AF, Stubbs B. Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Am J Psychiatry. 2018 Jul 1;175(7):631-648. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Activity, Motor
Recruiting
THE EFFECTS OF GAME-BASED EXERCISE PROGRAMS
Physical Activity, Body Image
Not yet recruiting
Feasibility of a Robot-Guided Active Play Intervention for Children With Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy
Enrolling by invitation
Online Exercise Program for Transplant Patients: A Pilot Study
Kidney Transplantation, Physical Function
Recruiting
Effect of a Brief Daily Digital Meditation on Well-Being in US Young Adults (BEGIN II)
Mental Health and General Well-being
Active, not recruitingPhase 4
Effects of Sequential Therapy With Mexidol® (Intravenous) and Mexidol® FORTE 250 (Oral) on Functional Brain Activity Assessed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Biochemical Parameters in Patients With Chronic Cerebral Ischemia: A Comparison of Patients With and Without Metabolic Disorders
Metabolic Abnormalities, Obesity & Overweight
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Treadmill Exercise and Bicycle Exercise in people with Activity, Motor and Biomarkers, run by Sakarya Applied Sciences University.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Jul 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Abdurrahim Yıldız, Doc.Dr. (+90 507 751 63 63, abdurrahimyildiz@subu.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Salivary Testosterone Level (time frame: Time Frame: Baseline and immediately post-exercise Unit of Measure: pg/mL). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07092969, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Jul 2025.