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Motoric Cognitive Risk SyndromeNCT07045259

Effect of Exergaming Program Versus Neuromuscular Exercise in Elderly People With Motor Cognitive Risk Syndrome

A study testing The Neuromuscular Exercise Training program and Exergaming Exercise Training in people with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Elderly (People Aged 65 or More), run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).

Recruiting

Looking for participants now. Contact the study team or a site below to ask about taking part.

Sites and contacts
Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

The primary aim of our study is to compare the effects of neuromuscular exercise training versus structured exergaming program on locomotor and cognitive functions in elderly individuals with Motor Cognitive Risk (MCR), which defines the transition state between typical aging and dementia and mild cognitive… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 65 years and older
What is being tested?
The Neuromuscular Exercise Training program and Exergaming Exercise Training
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
60 participants
Where
1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
Study dates
25 Dec 2025to 30 Dec 2026
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 65 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Being over 65 years of age
  • Having a Barthel Daily Living Activities Index score of ≥ 90
  • Having a Mini Mental Status Score (MMSE) of ≥24
  • Having the ability to walk with or without a walking aid
  • Having a slow walking speed
  • Having subjective memory complaints

Who cannot join

  • Presence of Dementia
  • Major Depression
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Delirium
  • Parkinson's Disease
  • Anemia
  • Thyroid Disease
Show all 10Show fewer
  • Vitamin B12 Deficiency
  • Malnutrition
  • Terminal Illness
  • Hearing or Visual Impairment

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

GULFİDAN TOKGÖZ, Lecturer, PhD (c) contact

+90552 022 76 32

gulfidan.tokgoz@gmail.com

Saime Nilay ARMAN, Assoc. Prof. Dr. contact

+90553 455 87 07

saimenilayarman@istanbul.edu.tr

Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting

  • Balıkesir Üniversitesi

    Balıkesir

    GULFİDAN TOKGÖZ, Lecturer, PhD (c), 0552 022 76 32, gulfidan.tokgoz@gmail.com

    Bilal Katipoğlu, Assoc. Prof. Dr.

    Recruiting

Other trials in Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Official title: Effect of Exergaming Program Versus Neuromuscular Exercise on Locomotor and Cognitive Functions in Elderly People With Motor Cognitive Risk Syndrome

The primary aim of our study is to compare the effects of neuromuscular exercise training versus structured exergaming program on locomotor and cognitive functions in elderly individuals with Motor Cognitive Risk (MCR), which defines the transition state between typical aging and dementia and mild cognitive impairment. This study aims to present for the first time the effects of neuromuscular exercise training and exergaming program on locomotor and cognitive functions in elderly individuals with MCR with comparative results.

Being tested
The Neuromuscular Exercise Training program, Exergaming Exercise Training
Keywords
Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome, Elderly, neuromuscular exercise, exergaming

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • The Neuromuscular Exercise Training programOther

    The Neuromuscular Exercise Training program will be carried out in groups of 2 people for 60 minutes/2 days/8 weeks. The exercise program will consist of warm-up, loading and cooling phases. The warm-up phase will consist of flexibility exercises, mini squat and roll down etc. exercises to prepare the individual for exercise. The loading phase will consist of a cognitive-based neuromuscular exercise program aiming to provide stabilization, increase in balance, neuroplasticity and motor control and is planned to include strengthening exercises, stabilization exercises, balance-proprioceptive exercises and neuromuscular control exercise training with visual feedback. The exercises will progress gradually from easy to difficult with increasing repetition and set numbers.

  • Exergaming Exercise TrainingOther

    In our study, Xbox One Kinect game console and Kinect sensor will be used within the scope of Exergaming. Exergaming program will be carried out in groups of 2 people for 60 minutes/ 2 days/ 8 weeks. It will consist of warm-up, loading and cooling phases. The games to be used for the Exergaming program were selected from games that include locomotor and cognitive repetitive tasks. The selected exergames involve repetitive locomotor and cognitive tasks. Piano step will be utilized during the warm-up for its rhythm-based movement patterns. For the conditioning phase, lower extremity exercises will include Reflex Ridge, River Rush, and Rallyball (Kinect Adventures), while upper extremity exercises will consist of Bowling, Table Tennis, Swimming (Kinect Sports), and Fruit Ninja. A progressive training approach will be followed, with game difficulty levels increasing incrementally as the sessions advance.

Study groups in NCT07045259
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
The Neuromuscular Exercise GroupActive comparatorNot described
Receives: Other: Exergaming Exercise Training
Exergaming GroupActive comparatorNot described
Receives: Other: The Neuromuscular Exercise Training program
Control GroupNo interventionNot described

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)

    TUG test is a frequently used field test to evaluate mobility, balance, fall risk and walking in elderly individuals (Magda,2024; (Racha, 2023). The test involves the individual getting up from a chair, walking 3 meters, turning, and sitting. The time taken to complete this series of movements is measured and recorded using a stopwatch (Racha, 2023).

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

  2. Stair Climbing Test (SCT)

    The stair climbing test is frequently used in the evaluation of locomotor functions in elderly individuals. The validity and reliability of the STAIR, which has been investigated in elderly people with knee osteoarthritis, has been reported to have a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.93 and high reliability (Jose, 2021). In our study, they will be asked to ascend and descend 4 steps, each of which is 50 cm wide, 15 cm high and 25 cm deep, as quickly but safely as possible. They will be able to use the handrails when they need to while ascending or descending the stairs, and the total time taken to complete the task will be measured in seconds with a stopwatch.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

  3. Cognitive Officer TUG-SCT

    In our research

    • Counting backwards from 50 by threes
    • Cognitive officer TUG and SCT tests will be conducted to answer the questions prepared by the researchers as yes if red and no if blue, and the results will be recorded in terms of time (Li, 2023).

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

Secondary outcomes (7)

  1. Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)

    Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is a field test designed to evaluate the physical performance of elderly people, helps interpret their functional abilities, and gives an idea about the individual's biological age (Pavasini, 2016). SPPB, which is frequently used in elderly individuals in the literature, consists of the categories of static balance, 4-meter walking test, and 5-times sit-to-stand test (Corsonello, 2012 ). The balance test in SPPB includes three different postures: side-by-side, semi-tandem, and tandem. Each posture is held for up to 10 seconds. The ability to maintain these positions gives an idea about the individual's balance abilities (Cisternas, 2024). It is emphasized in the literature that the balance test, together with other components of SPPB, can predict all-cause mortality (Pahor, 2014). In our research, SPPB will be used to evaluate the static balance ability, walking speed, functional capacity,

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

  2. Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)

    The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) is a widely accepted functional gait tool for assessing the risk of falls and functional stability while walking in the elderly (Shumway-Cook et al., 2013). In the literature, DGI is used as a valid, reliable, cheap and fast tool to assess the gait and balance of elderly individuals (Alghwiri, 2014). It consists of eight items including normal walking on level ground, walking with speed changes, walking with horizontal head movements, walking with vertical head movements, walking with pivot turns, walking by jumping over obstacles, taking steps around obstacles and climbing up and down stairs. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 (severe impairment) to 3 (independent walking). The maximum total score can be 24. The scale, whose validity and reliability in Turkish in elderly individuals was conducted by Zirek, will be used to comprehensively assess walking in our study (Zirek, 2023).

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

  3. Reaction speed assessment

    Reaction speed is defined as the duration between the stimulus reaching the central nervous system and the execution of the appropriate motor response. It is closely associated with cognitive functions such as attention, processing speed, motor planning, and executive functions. Considering the age-related decline in processing speed and motor response, the Light Trainer Flash Light Exercise System (Reaction X) will be utilized to evaluate these parameters.

    Upper Limb Reaction Speed Assessment

    The assessment consists of two protocols, each lasting 30 seconds:

    Choice Reaction (Colored Light): To evaluate decision-making and reasoning, participants must respond to color-coded stimuli (e.g., blue light for the right hand and red light for the left).

    Lower Limb Reaction Speed Assessment This protocol evaluates decision-making and balance concurrently. Using their dominant leg, participants will deactivate specific colored sensors for 30 seconds.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

  4. Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment

    The Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), introduced to the literature by Tinetti in 1986, is frequently used to assess balance and gait in elderly individuals and to assess the risk of falls in individuals with conditions affecting balance and gait (Tinetti, 1986). POMA, whose Turkish validity and reliability were conducted by Ağırcan, will be used in our research for the comprehensive assessment of gait and balance (Ağırcan, 2009). Permissions from the authors are provided as an attachment.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

  5. Berg Balance Assessment

    Berg Balance Test (BBS), one of the frequently used tests in balance assessment in elderly individuals, has a test-retest reliability with an ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) of 0.91 and high inter-rater reliability with an ICC of 0.97 (Neuls, 2011). BBS, which consists of 14 different tasks or activities, is scored from 0 to 4 for tasks such as sitting to standing, standing without support, sitting without support, etc. The total score varies between 0 and 56, with a high score being interpreted as better balance. The scale, which was validated in Turkish by Şahin and colleagues, shows a high risk of falling, a score of 0 to 20 indicates a moderate risk of falling, a score of 21 to 40 indicates a moderate risk of falling, and a score of 41 to 56 indicates a low risk of falling (Sahin, 2008).

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

  6. Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale

    The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale is one of the scales used to measure enjoyment in physical activity. The test-retest reliability of the scale was reported to be 0.69, showing strong internal consistency and reliability (Weyland et al., 2024). The Turkish validity and reliability of the scale, which consists of 8 items and a single dimension, was conducted by Özkurt et al. in 2022, and it was reported that the Turkish form can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool (Özkurt, 2022).

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

  7. Exercise Adherence and Participation Rate

    To monitor exercise adherence, session attendance will be recorded by the researchers using an Exercise Program Attendance Tracking Chart. Participants who fail to attend four or more sessions (representing a dropout/non-attendance rate of ≥25%) of the 16-session program will be excluded from the study. Furthermore, adherence rates will be compared across the exercise groups.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted1 Jul 2025
  2. Study start25 Dec 2025
  3. Primary completion30 Nov 2026 (estimated)
  4. Study completion30 Dec 2026 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Single blind
Who is masked
Participant
Enrolment
60 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT07045259
Sponsor's protocol ID
2025/701
Status last verified
Oct 2026
First submitted
20 Jun 2025
Last updated
8 Oct 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Davranche K, Burle B, Audiffren M, Hasbroucq T. Physical exercise facilitates motor processes in simple reaction time performance: an electromyographic analysis. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Mar 20;396(1):54-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.11.008. Epub 2006 Jan 10.

    PubMed 16406344

  • Garcia MAC, Souza VH. The (un)standardized use of handheld dynamometers on the evaluation of muscle force output. Braz J Phys Ther. 2020 Jan-Feb;24(1):88-89. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.10.004. Epub 2019 Nov 13. No abstract available.

    PubMed 31740163

  • Zirek E, Mustafaoglu R, Cicek A, Ahmed I, Mavromoustakos S. Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Modified Dynamic Gait Index in the Elderly. Eval Health Prof. 2023 Jun;46(2):135-139. doi: 10.1177/01632787221128311. Epub 2022 Sep 17.

    PubMed 36121068

  • Alghwiri AA. Reliability and validity of the Arabic Dynamic Gait Index in people poststroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2014 Mar-Apr;21(2):173-9. doi: 10.1310/tsr2102-173.

    PubMed 24710977

  • Pahor M, Guralnik JM, Ambrosius WT, Blair S, Bonds DE, Church TS, Espeland MA, Fielding RA, Gill TM, Groessl EJ, King AC, Kritchevsky SB, Manini TM, McDermott MM, Miller ME, Newman AB, Rejeski WJ, Sink KM, Williamson JD; LIFE study investigators. Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014 Jun 18;311(23):2387-96. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.5616.

    PubMed 24866862

  • Corsonello A, Lattanzio F, Pedone C, Garasto S, Laino I, Bustacchini S, Pranno L, Mazzei B, Passarino G, Incalzi RA; Pharmacosurveillance In The Elderly Care Pvc Study Investigators. Prognostic significance of the short physical performance battery in older patients discharged from acute care hospitals. Rejuvenation Res. 2012 Feb;15(1):41-8. doi: 10.1089/rej.2011.1215. Epub 2011 Oct 17.

    PubMed 22004280

  • Pavasini R, Guralnik J, Brown JC, di Bari M, Cesari M, Landi F, Vaes B, Legrand D, Verghese J, Wang C, Stenholm S, Ferrucci L, Lai JC, Bartes AA, Espaulella J, Ferrer M, Lim JY, Ensrud KE, Cawthon P, Turusheva A, Frolova E, Rolland Y, Lauwers V, Corsonello A, Kirk GD, Ferrari R, Volpato S, Campo G. Short Physical Performance Battery and all-cause mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2016 Dec 22;14(1):215. doi: 10.1186/s12916-016-0763-7.

    PubMed 28003033

  • Li Y, Yu N, Zhang C, Song Q, Wang J, Sun W. Test-retest reliability of kinematic and kinetic parameters during dual-task stair walking in the elderly. Front Physiol. 2023 May 9;14:1177159. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1177159. eCollection 2023.

    PubMed 37228826

  • Casana J, Calatayud J, Silvestre A, Sanchez-Frutos J, Andersen LL, Jakobsen MD, Ezzatvar Y, Alakhdar Y. Knee Extensor Muscle Strength Is More Important Than Postural Balance for Stair-Climbing Ability in Elderly Patients with Severe Knee Osteoarthritis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 31;18(7):3637. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073637.

    PubMed 33807414

  • Soubra R, Mourad-Chehade F, Chkeir A. Automation of the Timed Up and Go Test Using a Doppler Radar System for Gait and Balance Analysis in Elderly People. J Healthc Eng. 2023 Jun 29;2023:2016262. doi: 10.1155/2023/2016262. eCollection 2023.

    PubMed 37426725

  • Reis M, Teixeira M, Carvao C, Martins AC. Validity and Reliability of the Self-Administered Timed Up and Go Test in Assessing Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Geriatrics (Basel). 2025 Apr 29;10(3):62. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics10030062.

    PubMed 40407569

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing The Neuromuscular Exercise Training program and Exergaming Exercise Training in people with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Elderly (People Aged 65 or More), run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact GULFİDAN TOKGÖZ, Lecturer, PhD (c) (+90552 022 76 32, gulfidan.tokgoz@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) (time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07045259, which also lists 11 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Oct 2026.

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