Jump Performance, Agility, Balance, Blood Flow Restriction, FatigueNCT07019168
The Effects of the Blood Flow Restriction Method on Performance Parameters in Elite Volleyball Players
A study testing Jump Squat with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) and Jump Squat without Blood Flow Restriction in people with Jump Performance, Agility, Balance, Blood Flow Restriction, Fatigue, run by Bahçeşehir University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to investigate the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) applied during jump squat exercises on selected performance parameters in elite volleyball players. Prior to each training session, all participants followed a standardized warm-up protocol that included dynamic stretching, mobility exercises… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 years, men only
- Conditions the study is for
- Jump Performance, Agility, Balance, Blood Flow Restriction, Fatigue
- What is being tested?
- Jump Squat with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) and Jump Squat without Blood Flow Restriction
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 22 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 10 Feb 2025to 21 Mar 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- Men only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male volleyball players aged 18 to 25
- Playing volleyball regularly for at least 3 years
- No musculoskeletal injury in the past 6 months
- Physically capable of completing the training and testing protocol
- Willing to participate and having signed the informed consent form
Who cannot join
- History of serious musculoskeletal injury or surgical intervention in the past 6 months
- Presence of chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, joint disorders)
- Physical or psychological conditions that may prevent safe participation during exercise
- Inability to adhere to the exercise protocol throughout the study
- Presence of any contraindication to blood flow restriction training, including:
- Smoking,History of venous thromboembolism,Risk of peripheral vascular disease (Ankle-Brachial Index < 0.9),Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m²
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Süreyyapaşa Sports Club
Istanbul, Maltepe, 34843
About this study
Official title: The Effects of Blood Flow Restriction-Based Jump Squat Exercise on Performance Parameters in Elite Volleyball Players: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
This study aims to investigate the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) applied during jump squat exercises on selected performance parameters in elite volleyball players. Prior to each training session, all participants followed a standardized warm-up protocol that included dynamic stretching, mobility exercises, and general body activation to prepare for the workout. Following this preparation phase, the jump squat exercises were performed.
Participants were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group performed the jump squats under blood flow restriction using a manually controlled, non-automated tourniquet, while the control group performed the same exercises without any restriction.
Read more
Performance parameters were assessed before and after the 4-week intervention using the following measurement tools:
Jump performance: Measured using the Optojump system
Agility: Assessed with the Hexagon Agility Test
Balance: Evaluated using the Y Balance Test
Perceived fatigue: Measured via the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale
The purpose of the study is to determine whether jump squat exercises performed under BFR conditions can lead to greater improvements in athletic performance and perceived fatigue compared to traditional training methods. The study was conducted using equipment provided by Bahçeşehir University and included licensed volleyball players from Süreyyapaşa Sports Club. The research protocol was approved by the Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee of Üsküdar University.
Read the detailed description
This study aims to investigate the effects of jump squat exercises performed with the blood flow restriction (BFR) method on jump performance, agility, balance, and perceived fatigue in volleyball players. The effectiveness of the BFR method on these performance parameters was evaluated in comparison to classical training methods.
The study was conducted on 22 male volleyball players actively training at Süreyyapaşa Sports Club, who had similar age and training backgrounds. Participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups of 11: the experimental group (BFR group), which performed jump squats with blood flow restriction, and the control group, which performed the same exercises without restriction.
All participants followed the same exercise protocol for four weeks, training three times per week. Before each training session, a standardized warm-up routine including dynamic stretching, mobility, and general activation exercises was applied. Following the warm-up, participants performed jump squat exercises in 3 sets of 10 repetitions. In the BFR group, a manually adjustable, non-automated tourniquet device was applied to the proximal region of both thighs during the exercise. This partially maintained arterial flow while restricting venous return, thereby creating a hypoxic environment in the target muscles. No tourniquet was used in the control group.
Pre- and post-intervention assessments were performed using the following measurement tools:
Jump performance was measured using the Optojump system to assess vertical jump height.
Agility was assessed with the Hexagon Agility Test.
Balance was evaluated using the Y Balance Test, targeting lower extremity stability.
Perceived fatigue was recorded using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale.
The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the performance outcomes of jump squat exercises with and without BFR in trained volleyball players. Data were statistically analyzed to determine whether the inclusion of BFR provided measurable benefits in terms of explosive strength, agility, balance, and fatigue. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of safer and more effective training protocols for improving athletic performance.
This research was approved by the Üsküdar University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee. All measurement and test devices used in the study were provided by Bahçeşehir University. The training sessions were carried out using the infrastructure of the Süreyyapaşa Sports Club.
- Being tested
- Jump Squat with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR), Jump Squat without Blood Flow Restriction
- Keywords
- Jump Squat, Blood Flow Restriction, BFR, Agility, Balance, Vertical Jump, Fatigue, Plyometric Training, Volleyball, Performance
- Medical subject headings
- Fatigue
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Jump Squat with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR)Behavioural
Also called BFR Training
This intervention consisted of jump squat exercises performed with blood flow restriction applied using a non-automated, manually adjustable tourniquet placed on the proximal thighs. The restriction was applied during the exercise to partially limit venous return while maintaining arterial flow. The exercise protocol included 3 sets of 10 repetitions, performed 3 times per week for 4 weeks. A standardized warm-up preceded each session.
Jump Squat without Blood Flow RestrictionBehavioural
Also called Classic Jump Squat
This intervention consisted of the same jump squat protocol as the experimental group but without the application of blood flow restriction. Participants performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions, 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Each session was preceded by a standardized warm-up routine that included dynamic stretching and general activation exercises.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Active comparator | Participants performed the same jump squat protocol without blood flow restriction. Training frequency and duration matched the BFR group. Receives: Behavioral: Jump Squat without Blood Flow Restriction |
| BFR Group | Experimental | Participants in this group performed jump squat exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) using a manually adjustable, non-automated tourniquet placed on the proximal region of both thighs. The training protocol consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions, carried out 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Each session was preceded by a standardized warm-up routine including dynamic stretching and general activation exercises. The BFR was applied during the exercise to partially restrict venous return while maintaining arterial inflow, creating a hypoxic environment in the working muscles. Receives: Behavioral: Jump Squat with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Vertical Jump Height
Vertical jump height was measured using the Optojump Next System. The system records jump height in centimeters based on flight time. Higher values indicate better performance (higher jump). There is no fixed maximum value, as the outcome depends on individual athletic ability.
Measured: Baseline and post-intervention (after 4 weeks of training)
Secondary outcomes (3)
Agility (Hexagon Agility Test)
Agility was assessed using the Hexagon Agility Test. The total time to complete the test was recorded in seconds. Lower times indicate better performance (better outcome). There is no fixed minimum, but the theoretical minimum would approach zero; no upper limit is predefined.
Measured: Baseline and post-intervention (after 4 weeks of training)
Dynamic Balance (Y Balance Test)
Balance was evaluated using the Y Balance Test for the lower extremity. Reach distances were measured in centimeters for each leg in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. Higher scores indicate better balance (better outcome). There is no fixed maximum value as it depends on individual performance.
Measured: Baseline and post-intervention (after 4 weeks of training)
Perceived Fatigue (Borg RPE Scale)
Perceived fatigue was measured using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale, which ranges from 6 to 20, where higher scores indicate greater perceived exertion (worse outcome). Participants reported their perceived level of exertion before and after the 4-week intervention (pre- and post-intervention measurements).
Measured: Baseline and post-intervention (after 4 weeks of training)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Jun 2025
- Study start10 Feb 2025
- Primary completion21 Mar 2025
- Study completion21 Mar 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Jump Performance, Agility, Balance, Blood Flow Restriction, FatigueStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned into two parallel groups: one group performed jump squat exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR), and the other group performed the same exercises without BFR. Both groups followed the same protocol over a 4-week period.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 22 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Bahçeşehir University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Süreyyapaşa Sports Club
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Furkan ÖZKUL, Bahçeşehir University
- Investigators
- Gokay GORMELI, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Health SciencesMelike Gizem KALAYCI, PhD, PT, Principal investigator, Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Health Sciences
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07019168
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- BAU-FTR-FO-01
- Status last verified
- Jun 2025
- First submitted
- 3 Jun 2025
- Last updated
- 17 Jun 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to privacy considerations and because data sharing is not planned as part of this study's dissemination strategy.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Jun 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effects of Blood Flow Restriction-Based Jump Squat Exercise on Performance Parameters in Elite Volleyball Players: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07019168
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BAU-FTR-FO-01
- Keywords
- Jump Squat, Blood Flow Restriction, BFR, Agility, Balance, Vertical Jump, Fatigue, Plyometric Training
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 22 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Bahçeşehir UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Süreyyapaşa Sports Club
- Study start
- 10 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 21 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 21 Mar 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to investigate the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) applied during jump squat exercises on selected performance parameters in elite volleyball players. Prior to each training session, all participants followed a standardized warm-up protocol that included dynamic stretching, mobility exercises, and general body activation to prepare for the workout. Following this preparation phase, the jump squat exercises were performed.
Participants were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group performed the jump squats under blood flow restriction using a manually controlled, non-automated tourniquet, while the control group performed the same exercises without any restriction.
Performance parameters were assessed before and after the 4-week intervention using the following measurement tools:
Jump performance: Measured using the Optojump system
Agility: Assessed with the Hexagon Agility Test
Balance: Evaluated using the Y Balance Test
Perceived fatigue: Measured via the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale
The purpose of the study is to determine whether jump squat exercises performed under BFR conditions can lead to greater improvements in athletic performance and perceived fatigue compared to traditional training methods. The study was conducted using equipment provided by Bahçeşehir University and included licensed volleyball players from Süreyyapaşa Sports Club. The research protocol was approved by the Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee of Üsküdar University.
Detailed description
This study aims to investigate the effects of jump squat exercises performed with the blood flow restriction (BFR) method on jump performance, agility, balance, and perceived fatigue in volleyball players. The effectiveness of the BFR method on these performance parameters was evaluated in comparison to classical training methods.
The study was conducted on 22 male volleyball players actively training at Süreyyapaşa Sports Club, who had similar age and training backgrounds. Participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups of 11: the experimental group (BFR group), which performed jump squats with blood flow restriction, and the control group, which performed the same exercises without restriction.
All participants followed the same exercise protocol for four weeks, training three times per week. Before each training session, a standardized warm-up routine including dynamic stretching, mobility, and general activation exercises was applied. Following the warm-up, participants performed jump squat exercises in 3 sets of 10 repetitions. In the BFR group, a manually adjustable, non-automated tourniquet device was applied to the proximal region of both thighs during the exercise. This partially maintained arterial flow while restricting venous return, thereby creating a hypoxic environment in the target muscles. No tourniquet was used in the control group.
Pre- and post-intervention assessments were performed using the following measurement tools:
Jump performance was measured using the Optojump system to assess vertical jump height.
Agility was assessed with the Hexagon Agility Test.
Balance was evaluated using the Y Balance Test, targeting lower extremity stability.
Perceived fatigue was recorded using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale.
The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the performance outcomes of jump squat exercises with and without BFR in trained volleyball players. Data were statistically analyzed to determine whether the inclusion of BFR provided measurable benefits in terms of explosive strength, agility, balance, and fatigue. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of safer and more effective training protocols for improving athletic performance.
This research was approved by the Üsküdar University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee. All measurement and test devices used in the study were provided by Bahçeşehir University. The training sessions were carried out using the infrastructure of the Süreyyapaşa Sports Club.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants were randomly assigned into two parallel groups: one group performed jump squat exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR), and the other group performed the same exercises without BFR. Both groups followed the same protocol over a 4-week period.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Jump Squat without Blood Flow RestrictionParticipants performed the same jump squat protocol without blood flow restriction. Training frequency and duration matched the BFR group. |
| BFR Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Jump Squat with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR)Participants in this group performed jump squat exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) using a manually adjustable, non-automated tourniquet placed on the proximal region of both thighs. The training protocol consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions, carried out 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Each session was preceded by a standardized warm-up routine including dynamic stretching and general activation exercises. The BFR was applied during the exercise to partially restrict venous return while maintaining arterial inflow, creating a hypoxic environment in the working muscles. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Male volleyball players aged 18 to 25
- Playing volleyball regularly for at least 3 years
- No musculoskeletal injury in the past 6 months
- Physically capable of completing the training and testing protocol
- Willing to participate and having signed the informed consent form
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- History of serious musculoskeletal injury or surgical intervention in the past 6 months
- Presence of chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, joint disorders)
- Physical or psychological conditions that may prevent safe participation during exercise
- Inability to adhere to the exercise protocol throughout the study
- Presence of any contraindication to blood flow restriction training, including:
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Jump Squat with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR)Also: BFR TrainingThis intervention consisted of jump squat exercises performed with blood flow restriction applied using a non-automated, manually adjustable tourniquet placed on the proximal thighs. The restriction was applied during the exercise to partially limit venous return while maintaining arterial flow. The exercise protocol included 3 sets of 10 repetitions, performed 3 times per week for 4 weeks. A standardized warm-up preceded each session. | Behavioural | BFR Group |
| Jump Squat without Blood Flow RestrictionAlso: Classic Jump SquatThis intervention consisted of the same jump squat protocol as the experimental group but without the application of blood flow restriction. Participants performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions, 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Each session was preceded by a standardized warm-up routine that included dynamic stretching and general activation exercises. | Behavioural | Control Group |
Primary outcome
Vertical Jump Height
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 4 weeks of training)
Vertical jump height was measured using the Optojump Next System. The system records jump height in centimeters based on flight time. Higher values indicate better performance (higher jump). There is no fixed maximum value, as the outcome depends on individual athletic ability.
3 secondary outcomes
Agility (Hexagon Agility Test)
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 4 weeks of training)
Dynamic Balance (Y Balance Test)
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 4 weeks of training)
Perceived Fatigue (Borg RPE Scale)
Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 4 weeks of training)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Jun 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to privacy considerations and because data sharing is not planned as part of this study's dissemination strategy.
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Gokay GORMELI, MD, PhD principal investigator
Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Health Sciences
Melike Gizem KALAYCI, PhD, PT principal investigator
Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Health Sciences
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Jump Squat with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) and Jump Squat without Blood Flow Restriction in people with Jump Performance, Agility, Balance, Blood Flow Restriction, Fatigue, run by Bahçeşehir University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Vertical Jump Height (time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (after 4 weeks of training)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Jun 2025.