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Social Isolation in Older AdultsVirtualDONANCT06956794

Multimodal Training With Immersive Virtual Reality to Improve the Cognitive Health and Emotional Well-being of Older Women Living Alone

A study testing VirtualDONA Multimodal Program in people with Social Isolation in Older Adults and Poverty, run by Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa at 2 sites in Spain.

Active, not recruiting

Under way, not looking for participants. Everyone needed has enrolled. The study is still running.

Official record
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Trial summary

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an immersive virtual reality-based multimodal intervention (VirtualDONA) to improve cognitive health and emotional well-being in older women living alone and at risk of poverty. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 65 years and older, women only
Conditions the study is for
Social Isolation in Older Adults, Poverty
What is being tested?
VirtualDONA Multimodal Program
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
80 participants
Where
2 sitesSpain
Study dates
5 May 2025to 31 Dec 2026
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 65 years and older
  • Women only
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Female
  • Age 65 years or older
  • Living alone
  • Registered with the elderly care services of Suara Cooperativa
  • Annual income below the guaranteed minimum income threshold (below €20,353.62/year)
  • Global cognitive functioning not suggestive of dementia, defined as MMSE score ≥ 24
Show all 9Show fewer
  • Able to read and write
  • Good command of Catalan and/or Spanish
  • Signed informed consent to participate in the study

Who cannot join

  • History of severe neurological, psychiatric disorders, or intellectual disability
  • Uncorrected sensory deficits (e.g., vision or hearing)
  • Physical or motor impairments that may interfere with participation or bias outcome measures

Trial locations and contacts

2 sites in 1 country.

Spain2 sites
  • SUARA Cooperativa

    Barcelona, Barcelona, 08018

  • Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa

    Terrassa, Barcelona, 08227

Other trials in Spain

About this study

Official title: Multimodal Training With Immersive VIRTUAL Reality to Improve the Cognitive Health and Emotional Well-being of Older Women Living Alone (VirtualDONA)

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an immersive virtual reality-based multimodal intervention (VirtualDONA) to improve cognitive health and emotional well-being in older women living alone and at risk of poverty. The intervention combines mindfulness, cognitive, and physical training in a group format over 8 weeks.

Read the detailed description

The VirtualDONA project aims to promote the health of older women living alone and at risk of poverty, as they are considered a highly vulnerable population. Women's longer life expectancy compared to men leads to a greater proportion of women living alone. In Catalonia, there are 786,000 people living alone, and 42.2% are aged 65 or older. The combination of being a woman, of advanced age, and living alone is associated with a high rate of poverty.

These social and economic determinants significantly increase the likelihood of developing dementia and/or mental health disorders in affected individuals. Research has established a connection between social isolation, aging, and a higher probability of experiencing dementia, stress, depression, and anxiety. Economic uncertainty is also known to contribute to stress and anxiety, while social stigma-particularly affecting older women-can negatively impact their cognitive and mental health.

All of these factors highlight the need for preventive interventions targeting women over the age of 65 who live alone and have incomes below the minimum income threshold. VirtualDONA proposes a preventive intervention for this population using immersive virtual reality technology (without headsets) to improve cognitive functioning, emotional well-being, and quality of life.

The intervention will be delivered in a group format over 8 weeks (16 sessions). The combination of mindfulness, cognitive, and physical exercises within a virtual environment offers a suitable multimodal platform for a comprehensive and innovative intervention aimed at vulnerable women. The project aims to demonstrate the benefits of this approach and to develop a sustainable, scalable, and long-term viable business model.

Being tested
VirtualDONA Multimodal Program
Keywords
Social Isolation, Cognitive Dysfunction, Aging, Poverty, Virtual Immersive Reality
Medical subject headings
Social Isolation, Cognitive Dysfunction

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • VirtualDONA Multimodal ProgramBehavioural

    A group-based behavioral intervention using immersive virtual reality without headsets. The 8-week program includes 16 sessions combining mindfulness, cognitive training, and physical exercises, designed to improve cognitive health and emotional well-being in older women living alone and at risk of poverty.

Study groups in NCT06956794
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Immersive VR-Based Multimodal InterventionExperimentalParticipants in this arm will receive a multimodal, group-based intervention using immersive virtual reality without headsets. The intervention includes mindfulness, cognitive training, and physical exercises delivered in 16 group sessions over 8 weeks.
Receives: Behavioral: VirtualDONA Multimodal Program
Usual Activity (Control Group)No interventionParticipants in this arm will continue their usual daily routines with no specific intervention during the study period.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Differences between groups in scores of global cognition

    Global cognition is assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a brief screening tool for cognitive impairment. The MMSE includes items that evaluate orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, language, and visuospatial ability. Scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  2. Differences between groups in scores of global cognition

    Global cognition is assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) a screening tool designed to identify mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and other cognitive deficits. The MoCA takes around 10-15 minutes to complete and consists of 30 items (range=0-30). Higher scores mean a better outcome.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  3. Differences between groups in scores of verbal episodic memory

    Verbal episodic memory is assessed with the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), which evaluates the ability to learn and recall words with both free and cued recall conditions. The total score ranges from 0 to 48, based on the number of words correctly recalled. Higher scores indicate better memory performance.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  4. Differences between groups in scores of auditory attention

    Auditory attention is measured with Digit Span Forward from WAIS-IV. Participants are asked to repeat numbers in the same order as read aloud by the examiner. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  5. Differences between groups in scores of working memory

    Working memory is measured with Digit Span Backward from WAIS-IV. Participants are asked to repeat the numbers in the reverse order of that presented by the examiner. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  6. Differences between groups in scores of processing speed

    Processing speed is measured with the Digit Symbol Coding subtest from the WAIS-III. It consists of replacing symbols that lack verbal meaning with numbers based on a key. Higher scores indicate better outcomes.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  7. Differences between groups in scores of visual scanning and processing speed

    Visual scanning and processing speed are measured with the Trail-Making Test-A version. Participants are asked to connect a series of numbered circles on a page in numerical order. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  8. Differences between groups in scores of executive functioning and cognitive flexibility

    Executive functioning and cognitive flexibility are measured with the Trail-Making Test-B version. Participants are asked to connect a series of circles that contain both numbers and letters in alternating numerical and alphabetical order. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  9. Differences between groups in scores of executive functioning

    Executive functioning is assessed with the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST), which evaluates abstract reasoning, cognitive flexibility, and the ability to shift problem-solving strategies. Performance is scored based on the number of categories completed, total errors, and perseverative errors. Higher scores in perseverative errors indicate worse performance, while more categories completed reflect better executive functioning.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  10. Differences between groups in scores of selective attention, inhibition, and processing speed

    Selective attention, inhibition, and processing speed are measured with the Stroop Color and Word Test. Participants are asked to name the color of a series of color patches (Stroop Color Naming), read a series of color words (Stroop Word Reading), and name the color of a series of color words where the word and color do not match (e.g., the word "red" written in blue ink), Stroop Color-Word Interference. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  11. Differences between groups in scores of phonetic fluency

    Phonemic verbal fluency is assessed using the PMR test, in which participants are asked to produce as many words as possible beginning with the letters P, M, and R, one minute per letter. The total score is the sum of all correct, non-repeated words across the three trials. Higher scores indicate better phonemic fluency and executive function.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  12. Differences between groups in scores of semantic verbal fluency

    Semantic verbal fluency is assessed with a category fluency task in which participants are asked to name as many words as possible belonging to a specific semantic category (e.g., animals, fruits) within one minute. The total score is the number of correct, non-repeated words produced. Higher scores indicate better semantic fluency and lexical access.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  13. Differences between groups in language

    Language function is assessed using the 15-item version of the Boston Naming Test (BNT), a confrontation naming task consisting of 15 black-and-white line drawings of objects with increasing difficulty. The total score is the number of correctly named items. Higher scores indicate better naming ability.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

Secondary outcomes (10)
  1. Differences between groups in scores of Quality of Life

    Quality of Life is measured with EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) a self-completion questionnaire, which consists of five questions: covering mobility, hygiene, activities, pain, and anxiety. The descriptive system divides each of the 5 dimensions into three levels of response: the absence of a problem, some problem, and extreme problem. Lower scores indicate better outcomes. In addition, the questionnaire has a plus scale where the participants rated their health state on a scale of 0-100. In this scale, higher scores indicate better outcome.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  2. Differences between groups in scores of loneliness

    Loneliness levels are measured through the UCLA Loneliness Scale, a widely recognized tool for measuring subjective feelings of loneliness or social isolation. The most recent version, contains 20 items rated on a scale from 1 (Never) to 4 (Always). Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  3. Differences between groups in scores of perceived social support

    Perceived social support is measured with the Oslo 3-Item Social Support Scale (OSLO-3). The OSLO-3 is a brief measure of perceived social support, consisting of three items assessing the number of close confidants, perceived concern from others, and ease of obtaining practical help. Scores range from 3 to 14, with higher scores indicating greater perceived social support.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  4. Differences between groups in scores of emotional well-being

    Emotional well-being is measured with the WHO-Five Wellbeing Index Scale (WHO-5). The WHO-5 is a brief self-reported measure of current mental well-being, consisting of five positively worded items. Each item is rated on a 6-point Likert scale, resulting in a raw score ranging from 0 to 25. The score is multiplied by 4 to yield a final score ranging from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate better well-being.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  5. Differences between groups in scores of depression

    Depression is measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) which scores each of the 9 DSM-IV criteria as "not at all" (0 points) to "nearly every day" (3 points). Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  6. Differences between groups in scores of anxiety

    Anxiety is measured with the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), a Likert-type scale with questions ranging from "not at all" (0 points) to "nearly every day" (3 points). The maximum score is 24. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  7. Differences between groups in scores of frailty

    Frailty is measured with the FRAIL scale. The FRAIL Scale is a 5-item screening tool that assesses frailty based on fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and loss of weight. Each item is scored as 0 (no) or 1 (yes), with total scores ranging from 0 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater levels of frailty.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  8. Differences between groups in scores of dietary habits

    Dietary haabits are measured with the PREDIMED questionnaire (adherence to the Mediterranean diet). The PREDIMED is a 14-item questionnaire used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Each item is scored 0 or 1 depending on dietary habits, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 14. Higher scores indicate greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  9. Differences between groups in scores of performed physical activity

    Performed physical activity is measured with The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is a questionnaire composed of 7 questionsin order to assessthe frequency, duration, and intensity (vigorous or moderate) of the performed physical activity, walking, and sitting time during a business day for the last 7 days. Later, from the minutes obtained from the participant's answers, the METS (metabolic equivalent tasks) conversion is performed, allowing a classification, depending on the energy consumption obtained for each activity, into three categories (low, medium, high). Higher score indicate better outcome.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

  10. Differences between groups in scores of Sleep Quality

    Sleep Quality is measured with The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). This test presents 24 items, although only 19 are taken into account for the correction. This test is divided into 7 dimensions, namely, sleep quality, sleep onset latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, hypnotic drugs, and daytime dysfunction. Higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.

    Measured: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted4 May 2025
  2. Study start5 May 2025
  3. Primary completion1 Dec 2026 (estimated)
  4. Study completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
Randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups: one receiving a multimodal group-based intervention using immersive virtual reality, and a control group maintaining usual activities. The intervention consists of 16 sessions over 8 weeks.
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
80 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06956794
Sponsor's protocol ID
2024PROD00053
Acronym
VirtualDONA
Status last verified
Oct 2026
First submitted
25 Apr 2025
Last updated
21 Oct 2026
Results posted
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing VirtualDONA Multimodal Program in people with Social Isolation in Older Adults and Poverty, run by Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa at 2 sites in Spain.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 2 sites in Spain. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Differences between groups in scores of global cognition (time frame: Baseline and after the 8-week intervention). The study lists 13 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Oct 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 26 Oct 2026.

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