Strength Training EffectsNCT06946459
Impact of Hip Strength Training on Jump and Throw Performance in Young Female Handball Players
A study testing Exercise in people with Strength Training Effects, run by Istanbul University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to investigate the effects of an 8-week Hip Strength Exercise Training program, implemented in addition to the athletes' regular training routines, on hip muscle strength, jump distance, and three-step jump shot performance in female handball players aged 15 to 19. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 15 to 19 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Strength Training Effects
- What is being tested?
- Exercise
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Feb 2025to 18 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 15 to 19 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Signing the Informed Voluntary Consent Form by agreeing to voluntarily participate in the study
- Being a handball player aged between 15-19 years
- Being female
- Having reached menarche
- Having the ability to understand and speak
Who cannot join
- Having sustained an extremity injury in the last 6 months
- Having a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m² (obesity)
- Having a cardiovascular, neurological, or pulmonary disease
- Experiencing hip pain related to loading and fatigue, or hip pain due to muscle and spasms
- Presence of bursitis, synovitis, arthritis, or osteomyelitis in the hip
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Department of Sports Medicine Istanbul Unıversıty
Istanbul, Fatih, 34104
About this study
Official title: Effects of Hip Strength Exercise Training on Jump Distance, Hip Muscle Strength and Throwing Performance in 15-19-Year-Old Female Handball Players
This study aims to investigate the effects of an 8-week Hip Strength Exercise Training program, implemented in addition to the athletes' regular training routines, on hip muscle strength, jump distance, and three-step jump shot performance in female handball players aged 15 to 19. Furthermore, the study seeks to explore the potential relationships between throwing performance and various physical parameters, including anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, and body fat percentage.
Read the detailed description
Handball is a complex and multifactorial team sport determined not only by each player's individual performance but also by the tactical components and interactions within the team. Therefore, defining the game and identifying the key factors influencing performance remain challenging. Handball players must effectively coordinate basic motor skills such as running, jumping, pushing, and changing direction, along with handball-specific skills like passing, catching, controlling, and blocking, to execute shots or create optimal scoring opportunities for teammates.
Since the winning team in handball is the one that scores the most goals, goal shooting is one of the most critical aspects of the game. A successful goal shot requires the ball to reach maximum velocity and be accurate enough to deceive the goalkeeper. The faster and more accurately the ball is thrown, the less time defenders and the goalkeeper have to react and intervene.
In addition to throwing speed and accuracy, jump distance is also a significant factor influencing performance in handball matches. The most frequently used shot type in handball competitions is the jump shot. The energy produced during a jump shot originates from the force exerted against the ground. The higher the player jumps, the longer the flight time, increasing the likelihood of avoiding defensive blocks.
Handball demands high levels of explosive strength, maximal strength, and muscular power in both the upper and lower extremities. While training programs are generally multidimensional, it is important to identify which muscle groups contribute most significantly to performance in order to optimize training approaches. This is because many handball-specific skills such as throwing, blocking, pushing, and holding require considerable strength and power output.
The hip plays a critical role in handball shooting by initiating upper body movement and transferring momentum from the lower to the upper extremities. It provides a stable base for the upper body during the shot, thereby playing a significant role in shot performance. Well-designed hip strengthening programs have been shown to yield not only improvements in strength but also positive effects on secondary outcomes such as linear sprinting, agility, change of direction, and sport-specific performance metrics.
The existing literature highlights a lack of sufficient research examining the relationship between physical capacity and throwing performance. There is a particular need for studies investigating the effects of muscle strength, jump distance, and overall physical fitness on throwing performance. Moreover, it has been noted that studies focusing on female handball players are relatively limited compared to those involving males, underscoring the need for further research in this area.
In this study, the researchers aim to investigate the effects of an 8-week Hip Strength Exercise Training program, implemented in addition to routine training, on hip muscle strength, jump distance, and three-step jump shot performance in female handball players aged 15 to 19. Additionally, the researchers aim to examine the relationships between throwing performance and anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, and body fat percentage.
It is hypothesized that the Hip Strength Exercise Training program will positively contribute to throwing performance by improving hip muscle strength, throwing speed, throwing accuracy, and jump distance. Accordingly, it is suggested that low-cost, easily applicable hip strengthening exercises utilizing resistance bands can be integrated into training routines and contribute to the development of injury prevention strategies.
Based on the above, the hypotheses are as follows:
Hypothesis 1: Hip Strength Exercise Training in handball players has a positive effect on hip muscle strength.
Hypothesis 2: Hip Strength Exercise Training in handball players has a positive effect on throwing accuracy.
Hypothesis 3: Hip Strength Exercise Training in handball players has a positive effect on throwing speed.
Hypothesis 4: Hip Strength Exercise Training in handball players has a positive effect on jump distance.
- Conditions
- Strength Training Effects
- Being tested
- Exercise
- Keywords
- Handball players, Strength training effects, Throwing performance, Jumping performance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ExerciseOther
Participants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Hip Strength Exercise Training Group | Experimental | This group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance. Receives: Other: Exercise |
| Control Group | No intervention | This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Throwing Velocity
Throwing velocity was measured using the Doppler radar gun (Bushnell Speedster III). Participants performed jump shots from behind the 9-meter line using the three-step technique. The average ball speed (km/h) from five valid throws to each corner of the goal was recorded. The radar gun was placed 4 meters behind the free throw line and aligned with the release height and target corner to ensure measurement accuracy.
Measured: Baseline, Week 8
Throwing Accuracy
Throwing accuracy was evaluated by targeting 50 cm circular zones placed in the four corners of a standard goal. Five throws per corner were completed (a total of 20 throws). The reported values in the data table represent the mean number of successful throws per target zone, calculated by dividing the total successful throws by the number of zones. The possible score for this reported mean ranges from 0 to 5. Higher scores indicate better throwing accuracy per corner.
Measured: Baseline, Week 8
Isokinetic Hip Strength Parameters
Hip concentric strength evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex Humac Norm) at a speed of 180°/s. The test involves 4 maximum concentric contractions following 5 practice trials. The reported values represent the peak torque normalized to body weight (%BW). Multiple sub-measurements for different muscle groups and time points (Baseline and Week 8) are presented as separate rows within the single data table for comprehensive evaluation.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Secondary outcomes (6)
Anthropometric Measurements
Circumference and length measurements (shoulder, upper arm, forearm, wrist, arm span, etc.) will be performed according to International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocols using flexible fabric measuring tapes. Dominant side was used for all anthropometric measurements.
Measured: Baseline (15-18 February 2025)
Body Fat Percentage
Body fat percentage will be assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis device (Tanita TBF-300 M).
Measured: Baseline (15 -18 February 2025)
Hand Grip Strength
Hand grip strength will be measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer (Jamar). The participant will perform the test with the dominant hand.
Measured: Baseline (15 -18 February 2025)
Countermovement Jump Distance
Vertical jump performance will be evaluated through the modified counter movement jump test, measured using a digital jump meter (Takei), to assess explosive lower-body power.
Measured: Baseline (15-18 February 2025) and after 8-week intervention (15-18 April 2025)
Single Leg Vertical Jump (SLVJ) Distance
Vertical jump distance on the dominant leg will be measured using a digital jump meter (Takei) to assess unilateral leg power.
Measured: Baseline (15-18 February 2025) and after 8-week intervention (15-18 April 2025)
Single Leg Horizontal Jump (SLHJ) Distance
Horizontal jump distance on the dominant leg will be evaluated using a flat measurement tape fixed to the ground to assess functional leg strength and coordination.
Measured: Baseline (15-18 February 2025) and after 8-week intervention (15-18 April 2025)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Apr 2025
- Study start15 Feb 2025
- Primary completion18 Apr 2025
- Study completion18 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Strength Training EffectsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istanbul UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- In our study, the athletes were randomly assigned to two groups: the Hip Strength Exercise Training Group and the Control Group. The Hip Strength Exercise Training Group consists of handball players who were planned to receive hip strength exercise training three times a week for 8 weeks following the initial assessments. The Control Group, on the other hand, represents handball players who were instructed to continue with their regular handball training for 8 weeks after the initial assessments.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Zümre Hediye TAŞÇI, Istanbul University
- Investigators
- Zümre H Taşçı, MSc student, Principal investigator, Istanbul UniversitySertaç Yakal, Dr., Principal investigator, Istanbul University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06946459
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IstanbulU-SportsMed-ZHT-01
- Status last verified
- Jun 2026
- First submitted
- 19 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 30 Jun 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Jun 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Hip Strength Exercise Training on Jump Distance, Hip Muscle Strength and Throwing Performance in 15-19-Year-Old Female Handball Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06946459
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IstanbulU-SportsMed-ZHT-01
- Conditions
- Strength Training Effects
- Keywords
- Handball players, Strength training effects, Throwing performance, Jumping performance
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 18 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 18 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 30 Jun 2026
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to investigate the effects of an 8-week Hip Strength Exercise Training program, implemented in addition to the athletes' regular training routines, on hip muscle strength, jump distance, and three-step jump shot performance in female handball players aged 15 to 19. Furthermore, the study seeks to explore the potential relationships between throwing performance and various physical parameters, including anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, and body fat percentage.
Detailed description
Handball is a complex and multifactorial team sport determined not only by each player's individual performance but also by the tactical components and interactions within the team. Therefore, defining the game and identifying the key factors influencing performance remain challenging. Handball players must effectively coordinate basic motor skills such as running, jumping, pushing, and changing direction, along with handball-specific skills like passing, catching, controlling, and blocking, to execute shots or create optimal scoring opportunities for teammates.
Since the winning team in handball is the one that scores the most goals, goal shooting is one of the most critical aspects of the game. A successful goal shot requires the ball to reach maximum velocity and be accurate enough to deceive the goalkeeper. The faster and more accurately the ball is thrown, the less time defenders and the goalkeeper have to react and intervene.
In addition to throwing speed and accuracy, jump distance is also a significant factor influencing performance in handball matches. The most frequently used shot type in handball competitions is the jump shot. The energy produced during a jump shot originates from the force exerted against the ground. The higher the player jumps, the longer the flight time, increasing the likelihood of avoiding defensive blocks.
Handball demands high levels of explosive strength, maximal strength, and muscular power in both the upper and lower extremities. While training programs are generally multidimensional, it is important to identify which muscle groups contribute most significantly to performance in order to optimize training approaches. This is because many handball-specific skills such as throwing, blocking, pushing, and holding require considerable strength and power output.
The hip plays a critical role in handball shooting by initiating upper body movement and transferring momentum from the lower to the upper extremities. It provides a stable base for the upper body during the shot, thereby playing a significant role in shot performance. Well-designed hip strengthening programs have been shown to yield not only improvements in strength but also positive effects on secondary outcomes such as linear sprinting, agility, change of direction, and sport-specific performance metrics.
The existing literature highlights a lack of sufficient research examining the relationship between physical capacity and throwing performance. There is a particular need for studies investigating the effects of muscle strength, jump distance, and overall physical fitness on throwing performance. Moreover, it has been noted that studies focusing on female handball players are relatively limited compared to those involving males, underscoring the need for further research in this area.
In this study, the researchers aim to investigate the effects of an 8-week Hip Strength Exercise Training program, implemented in addition to routine training, on hip muscle strength, jump distance, and three-step jump shot performance in female handball players aged 15 to 19. Additionally, the researchers aim to examine the relationships between throwing performance and anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, and body fat percentage.
It is hypothesized that the Hip Strength Exercise Training program will positively contribute to throwing performance by improving hip muscle strength, throwing speed, throwing accuracy, and jump distance. Accordingly, it is suggested that low-cost, easily applicable hip strengthening exercises utilizing resistance bands can be integrated into training routines and contribute to the development of injury prevention strategies.
Based on the above, the hypotheses are as follows:
Hypothesis 1: Hip Strength Exercise Training in handball players has a positive effect on hip muscle strength.
Hypothesis 2: Hip Strength Exercise Training in handball players has a positive effect on throwing accuracy.
Hypothesis 3: Hip Strength Exercise Training in handball players has a positive effect on throwing speed.
Hypothesis 4: Hip Strength Exercise Training in handball players has a positive effect on jump distance.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- In our study, the athletes were randomly assigned to two groups: the Hip Strength Exercise Training Group and the Control Group. The Hip Strength Exercise Training Group consists of handball players who were planned to receive hip strength exercise training three times a week for 8 weeks following the initial assessments. The Control Group, on the other hand, represents handball players who were instructed to continue with their regular handball training for 8 weeks after the initial assessments.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Hip Strength Exercise Training Group | Experimental | Other: ExerciseThis group received a hip strength exercise training program in addition to their regular handball training for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The intervention aimed to improve hip muscle strength, jump distance, and throwing performance. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –This group continued their regular handball training without any additional intervention during the 8-week study period. They served as the control group to compare the effects of the hip strength exercise training. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 15 to 19 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Signing the Informed Voluntary Consent Form by agreeing to voluntarily participate in the study
- Being a handball player aged between 15-19 years
- Being female
- Having reached menarche
- Having the ability to understand and speak
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Having sustained an extremity injury in the last 6 months
- Having a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m² (obesity)
- Having a cardiovascular, neurological, or pulmonary disease
- Experiencing hip pain related to loading and fatigue, or hip pain due to muscle and spasms
- Presence of bursitis, synovitis, arthritis, or osteomyelitis in the hip
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ExerciseParticipants in the Hip Strength Exercise Training group performed structured hip strengthening exercises using resistance bands in addition to their regular handball and strength training programs. The training was implemented three times per week for 8 weeks, with one rest day between sessions, and was conducted before regular handball practices. The exercises focused on activating and strengthening the hip muscles through simple, well-structured movements. Resistance bands were chosen due to their portability, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for adolescent athletes. This method ensured a safe training environment, reduced the risk of overload, and allowed for proper execution and control of the exercises. | Other | Hip Strength Exercise Training Group |
Primary outcome
Throwing Velocity
Time frame: Baseline, Week 8
Throwing velocity was measured using the Doppler radar gun (Bushnell Speedster III). Participants performed jump shots from behind the 9-meter line using the three-step technique. The average ball speed (km/h) from five valid throws to each corner of the goal was recorded. The radar gun was placed 4 meters behind the free throw line and aligned with the release height and target corner to ensure measurement accuracy.
Throwing Accuracy
Time frame: Baseline, Week 8
Throwing accuracy was evaluated by targeting 50 cm circular zones placed in the four corners of a standard goal. Five throws per corner were completed (a total of 20 throws). The reported values in the data table represent the mean number of successful throws per target zone, calculated by dividing the total successful throws by the number of zones. The possible score for this reported mean ranges from 0 to 5. Higher scores indicate better throwing accuracy per corner.
Isokinetic Hip Strength Parameters
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Hip concentric strength evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex Humac Norm) at a speed of 180°/s. The test involves 4 maximum concentric contractions following 5 practice trials. The reported values represent the peak torque normalized to body weight (%BW). Multiple sub-measurements for different muscle groups and time points (Baseline and Week 8) are presented as separate rows within the single data table for comprehensive evaluation.
6 secondary outcomes
Anthropometric Measurements
Time frame: Baseline (15-18 February 2025)
Body Fat Percentage
Time frame: Baseline (15 -18 February 2025)
Hand Grip Strength
Time frame: Baseline (15 -18 February 2025)
Countermovement Jump Distance
Time frame: Baseline (15-18 February 2025) and after 8-week intervention (15-18 April 2025)
Single Leg Vertical Jump (SLVJ) Distance
Time frame: Baseline (15-18 February 2025) and after 8-week intervention (15-18 April 2025)
Single Leg Horizontal Jump (SLHJ) Distance
Time frame: Baseline (15-18 February 2025) and after 8-week intervention (15-18 April 2025)
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Jun 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Strength Training Effects
Not yet recruiting
Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Strength, Endurance and Flexibility
High Intensity Interval Training
Not yet recruiting
EFFECT OF ADDING BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING TO CLOSED CHAIN EXERCISE IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Knee Osteoarthritis
Recruiting
Blood Flow Restriction Training for Mechanically Ventilated Patients With ICU-Acquired Weakness
Intensive Care Unit Acquired Weakness
Not yet recruiting
Different Aerobic-to-Resistance Training Ratios in Adults Aged 50 Years and Older With Prediabetes
Prediabetes
Recruiting
Effects of Concurrent Training on Serum PCSK9 Levels in Adults With Overweight
Overweight, Lipid Metabolism
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Zümre H Taşçı, MSc student principal investigator
Istanbul University
Sertaç Yakal, Dr. principal investigator
Istanbul University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Exercise in people with Strength Training Effects, run by Istanbul University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Jun 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 30 Jun 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Throwing Velocity (time frame: Baseline, Week 8). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Jun 2026.