Acute Kidney InjuryPhase 2DROP-AKINCT06937307
Droxidopa to Increase Mean Arterial Pressure in Decompensated Cirrhosis Patients With Acute Kidney Injury
A Phase 2 study testing Droxidopa capsules in people with Acute Kidney Injury and Cirrhosis, run by Giuseppe Cullaro, MD at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study tests whether a medication called droxidopa can help improve blood flow to the kidneys in people with liver cirrhosis who develop kidney problems while in the hospital. When someone with cirrhosis experiences kidney injury, having better blood pressure can help their kidneys recover. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Acute Kidney Injury, Cirrhosis, Decompensated Cirrhosis of Liver
- What is being tested?
- Droxidopa capsules
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 75 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 27 May 2025to 31 Dec 2028
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Ability to provide informed consent by subject or legally authorized representative
- Consent to blood and urine collection for biomarker analysis
- Ability to take oral medications
- At least 18 years of age
- Hospitalized at Columbia University Irving Medical Center
- Child-Pugh Score ≥ B7 cirrhosis (documented by imaging, biopsy, or clinical evidence)
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- KDIGO Stage 1 AKI or greater, defined as:
- ≥0.3 mg/dL increase in serum creatinine within 48 hours OR
- ≥50% increase in serum creatinine from outpatient baseline
- Mean arterial pressure ≤85 mmHg averaged over 24 hours prior to randomization
- For women of childbearing potential: negative pregnancy test and agreement to use effective contraception
Who cannot join
- Serum creatinine >4.0 mg/dL or current renal replacement therapy
- Age >70 years
- Severe cardiovascular disease, including:
- Unstable angina
- Congestive heart failure requiring escalating medical therapy
- Symptomatic peripheral vascular disease
Show all 16Show fewer
- Any cardiovascular condition deemed severe by investigator
- Active gastrointestinal bleeding, defined as requiring ≥ 2 units of packed red blood cells during the screening period
- Acute respiratory failure requiring more than 6L of Nasal Canula
- Use of medications that could interact with droxidopa including:
- MAOI inhibitors
- Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
- Other investigational drugs
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding
- Any episode of a SBP ≥ 180 mmHg or a DBP ≥ 120 mmHg on two measurements, 1 minute apart
- Prior liver transplantation
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
New York, New York, 10032
Giuseppe Cullaro, MD, MAS, 2123050914, gc2576@cumc.columbia.edu
Theresa Lukose Research Director, PharmD, 212-305-3839, tt2103@cumc.columbia.edu
About this study
This study tests whether a medication called droxidopa can help improve blood flow to the kidneys in people with liver cirrhosis who develop kidney problems while in the hospital. When someone with cirrhosis experiences kidney injury, having better blood pressure can help their kidneys recover. Droxidopa is an oral medication that may help raise blood pressure without requiring intensive care or invasive treatments. The study will compare droxidopa to a placebo (inactive pill) in 75 people hospitalized with cirrhosis and kidney injury. Participants will take either droxidopa or placebo pills for 28 days and be monitored for an additional 30 days. Researchers will measure changes in blood pressure and kidney function to determine if droxidopa is effective and safe for these patients. This research could identify a new treatment option for a serious complication of liver disease.
Read the detailed description
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in up to 50% of hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis and carries mortality rates exceeding 50%. Recent evidence indicates that progression of AKI after initial diagnosis significantly impacts outcomes, with patients whose AKI worsens having up to 8 times higher mortality compared to those without progression.
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) appears to be a key mediator of kidney function and recovery in cirrhosis. Multiple studies have established that each 5 mmHg increase in MAP is associated with a 1.07-1.19 times greater likelihood of AKI recovery. However, current therapeutic options to increase MAP in cirrhosis are limited to invasive vasopressors requiring ICU admission, terlipressin with significant risks including respiratory failure, or oral midodrine which lacks proven efficacy in decompensated cirrhosis.
Droxidopa is an oral synthetic amino acid that is directly metabolized to norepinephrine by dopa-decarboxylase. FDA-approved since 2014 for neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, droxidopa demonstrates a well-established safety profile and consistent ability to increase systolic blood pressure by 7-11 mmHg. This magnitude of effect is similar to that associated with AKI recovery when using invasive vasopressors. Importantly, droxidopa maintains efficacy over 12 weeks with minimal risk of supine hypertension.
This study will evaluate droxidopa in a 2:1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 75 hospitalized patients with Child-Pugh Score ≥B7 cirrhosis and KDIGO Stage 1 AKI or greater who have MAP ≤85 mmHg. Participants will receive droxidopa or placebo initially at 100 mg three times daily, titrated in 100 mg increments every 24 hours based on blood pressure response and tolerability, up to a maximum of 300 mg three times daily for 28 days.
The primary endpoint is change in MAP, measured by a linear mixed-effects model with fixed effects for treatment group and time. Secondary endpoints include change in serum creatinine, completion of study day 28, death, and liver transplantation. Safety will be carefully monitored with primary safety endpoints of hypertensive emergency and development of cardiac arrhythmias.
An Internal Data and Safety Monitoring Board consisting of an independent hepatologist with cirrhosis expertise, a biostatistician experienced in clinical trials, and a study medical monitor will review safety data monthly and assess stopping rules criteria.
Total study duration will be 58 days (28 days of product administration plus 30 days of follow-up) per participant, with an overall study timeline of 2 years.
- Being tested
- Droxidopa capsules, Placebo
- Keywords
- Acute Kidney Injury, Cirrhosis, Decompensated Cirrhosis
- Medical subject headings
- Acute Kidney Injury, Fibrosis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Droxidopa capsulesDrug
Also called L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine
Droxidopa is an oral synthetic amino acid that is directly metabolized to norepinephrine by dopa-decarboxylase. It will be administered at an initial dose of 100 mg three times daily, titrated in 100 mg increments every 24 hours based on blood pressure response, up to a maximum of 300 mg three times daily. Doses will be given approximately 4 hours apart during daytime hours, at least 3 hours apart, with a maximum total daily dose of 900 mg. The treatment duration is 28 days. The drug will be over-encapsulated using opaque capsules to maintain the double-blind design.
PlaceboOther
Matching placebo capsules containing microcrystalline cellulose (from Millipore Sigma) will be over-encapsulated using identical opaque capsules to maintain blinding. Placebo will be administered following the same schedule as the active treatment: three times daily with the same titration protocol based on blood pressure response, for a treatment duration of 28 days. The Columbia University Research Pharmacy will perform over-encapsulation of both active drug and placebo to ensure they are identical in appearance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Droxidopa | Experimental | Participants in this arm will receive oral droxidopa capsules at an initial dose of 100 mg three times daily, titrated in 100 mg increments every 24 hours based on blood pressure response and tolerability, up to a maximum dose of 300 mg three times daily. Doses will be given approximately 4 hours apart during daytime hours for a total treatment duration of 28 days. Receives: Drug: Droxidopa capsules |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Participants in this arm will receive matched placebo capsules following the same dosing schedule and titration protocol as the experimental arm. Placebo capsules will be identical in appearance to droxidopa capsules with the same over-encapsulation process to maintain blinding. Doses will be given three times daily for a total treatment duration of 28 days. Receives: Other: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in mean arterial pressure (MAP)
The difference in mean arterial pressure between treatment groups over the 28-day treatment period, assessed using a linear mixed-effects model with fixed effects for treatment group and time, plus their interaction, while accounting for between-subject variability through random intercepts.
Measured: Baseline to 28 days
Secondary outcomes (3)
Change in serum creatinine
The difference in serum creatinine between treatment groups over the 28-day treatment period, assessed using a linear mixed-effects model with fixed effects for treatment group and time, plus their interaction, while accounting for between-subject variability through random intercepts.
Measured: 28 days
All-cause mortality
The proportion of participants who die from any cause during the study period.
Measured: 58 days
Liver transplantation
The proportion of participants who undergo liver transplantation during the study period.
Measured: 58 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Apr 2025
- Study start27 May 2025
- Primary completion31 Dec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Dec 2028 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Acute Kidney InjuryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study employs a parallel-group design where hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis and acute kidney injury are randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive either droxidopa or matching placebo. Both groups will receive the intervention concurrently over the 28-day treatment period, with identical titration protocols and assessment schedules. Participants in the active arm will receive droxidopa initially at 100 mg three times daily, titrated based on mean arterial pressure response, while the control arm will receive identical-appearing placebo capsules following the same schedule and titration protocol to maintain blinding.
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Giuseppe Cullaro, MD
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Giuseppe Cullaro, MD, Columbia University
- Investigators
- Giuseppe Cullaro, MD, MAS, Principal investigator, Columbia University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06937307
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AAAV7484
- Acronym
- DROP-AKI
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 15 Apr 2025
- Last updated
- 19 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: Data sharing decisions remain under institutional review. Key considerations include: (1) protecting sensitive health information for vulnerable cirrhosis patients, (2) aligning with Columbia University's data governance frameworks, (3) determining appropriate de-identification methodologies, and (4) developing suitable data dictionaries and transfer protocols. Upon study completion, a comprehensive data sharing determination will be made, with potential for de-identified datasets to be shared through secure repositories following primary publication.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Droxidopa to Increase Mean Arterial Pressure in Decompensated Cirrhosis Patients With Acute Kidney Injury
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06937307
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- DROP-AKI / AAAV7484
- Keywords
- Acute Kidney Injury, Cirrhosis, Decompensated Cirrhosis
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Giuseppe Cullaro, MDUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 27 May 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2028 (estimated)
- First posted
- 22 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study tests whether a medication called droxidopa can help improve blood flow to the kidneys in people with liver cirrhosis who develop kidney problems while in the hospital. When someone with cirrhosis experiences kidney injury, having better blood pressure can help their kidneys recover. Droxidopa is an oral medication that may help raise blood pressure without requiring intensive care or invasive treatments. The study will compare droxidopa to a placebo (inactive pill) in 75 people hospitalized with cirrhosis and kidney injury. Participants will take either droxidopa or placebo pills for 28 days and be monitored for an additional 30 days. Researchers will measure changes in blood pressure and kidney function to determine if droxidopa is effective and safe for these patients. This research could identify a new treatment option for a serious complication of liver disease.
Detailed description
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in up to 50% of hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis and carries mortality rates exceeding 50%. Recent evidence indicates that progression of AKI after initial diagnosis significantly impacts outcomes, with patients whose AKI worsens having up to 8 times higher mortality compared to those without progression.
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) appears to be a key mediator of kidney function and recovery in cirrhosis. Multiple studies have established that each 5 mmHg increase in MAP is associated with a 1.07-1.19 times greater likelihood of AKI recovery. However, current therapeutic options to increase MAP in cirrhosis are limited to invasive vasopressors requiring ICU admission, terlipressin with significant risks including respiratory failure, or oral midodrine which lacks proven efficacy in decompensated cirrhosis.
Droxidopa is an oral synthetic amino acid that is directly metabolized to norepinephrine by dopa-decarboxylase. FDA-approved since 2014 for neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, droxidopa demonstrates a well-established safety profile and consistent ability to increase systolic blood pressure by 7-11 mmHg. This magnitude of effect is similar to that associated with AKI recovery when using invasive vasopressors. Importantly, droxidopa maintains efficacy over 12 weeks with minimal risk of supine hypertension.
This study will evaluate droxidopa in a 2:1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 75 hospitalized patients with Child-Pugh Score ≥B7 cirrhosis and KDIGO Stage 1 AKI or greater who have MAP ≤85 mmHg. Participants will receive droxidopa or placebo initially at 100 mg three times daily, titrated in 100 mg increments every 24 hours based on blood pressure response and tolerability, up to a maximum of 300 mg three times daily for 28 days.
The primary endpoint is change in MAP, measured by a linear mixed-effects model with fixed effects for treatment group and time. Secondary endpoints include change in serum creatinine, completion of study day 28, death, and liver transplantation. Safety will be carefully monitored with primary safety endpoints of hypertensive emergency and development of cardiac arrhythmias.
An Internal Data and Safety Monitoring Board consisting of an independent hepatologist with cirrhosis expertise, a biostatistician experienced in clinical trials, and a study medical monitor will review safety data monthly and assess stopping rules criteria.
Total study duration will be 58 days (28 days of product administration plus 30 days of follow-up) per participant, with an overall study timeline of 2 years.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This study employs a parallel-group design where hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis and acute kidney injury are randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive either droxidopa or matching placebo. Both groups will receive the intervention concurrently over the 28-day treatment period, with identical titration protocols and assessment schedules. Participants in the active arm will receive droxidopa initially at 100 mg three times daily, titrated based on mean arterial pressure response, while the control arm will receive identical-appearing placebo capsules following the same schedule and titration protocol to maintain blinding.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Droxidopa | Experimental | Drug: Droxidopa capsulesParticipants in this arm will receive oral droxidopa capsules at an initial dose of 100 mg three times daily, titrated in 100 mg increments every 24 hours based on blood pressure response and tolerability, up to a maximum dose of 300 mg three times daily. Doses will be given approximately 4 hours apart during daytime hours for a total treatment duration of 28 days. |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Other: PlaceboParticipants in this arm will receive matched placebo capsules following the same dosing schedule and titration protocol as the experimental arm. Placebo capsules will be identical in appearance to droxidopa capsules with the same over-encapsulation process to maintain blinding. Doses will be given three times daily for a total treatment duration of 28 days. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Ability to provide informed consent by subject or legally authorized representative
- Consent to blood and urine collection for biomarker analysis
- Ability to take oral medications
- At least 18 years of age
- Hospitalized at Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Key exclusion criteria (16 listed)
- Serum creatinine >4.0 mg/dL or current renal replacement therapy
- Age >70 years
- Severe cardiovascular disease, including:
- Unstable angina
- Congestive heart failure requiring escalating medical therapy
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Droxidopa capsulesAlso: L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserineDroxidopa is an oral synthetic amino acid that is directly metabolized to norepinephrine by dopa-decarboxylase. It will be administered at an initial dose of 100 mg three times daily, titrated in 100 mg increments every 24 hours based on blood pressure response, up to a maximum of 300 mg three times daily. Doses will be given approximately 4 hours apart during daytime hours, at least 3 hours apart, with a maximum total daily dose of 900 mg. The treatment duration is 28 days. The drug will be over-encapsulated using opaque capsules to maintain the double-blind design. | Drug | Droxidopa |
| PlaceboMatching placebo capsules containing microcrystalline cellulose (from Millipore Sigma) will be over-encapsulated using identical opaque capsules to maintain blinding. Placebo will be administered following the same schedule as the active treatment: three times daily with the same titration protocol based on blood pressure response, for a treatment duration of 28 days. The Columbia University Research Pharmacy will perform over-encapsulation of both active drug and placebo to ensure they are identical in appearance. | Other | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Change in mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Time frame: Baseline to 28 days
The difference in mean arterial pressure between treatment groups over the 28-day treatment period, assessed using a linear mixed-effects model with fixed effects for treatment group and time, plus their interaction, while accounting for between-subject variability through random intercepts.
3 secondary outcomes
Change in serum creatinine
Time frame: 28 days
All-cause mortality
Time frame: 58 days
Liver transplantation
Time frame: 58 days
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. Data sharing decisions remain under institutional review. Key considerations include: (1) protecting sensitive health information for vulnerable cirrhosis patients, (2) aligning with Columbia University's data governance frameworks, (3) determining appropriate de-identification methodologies, and (4) developing suitable data dictionaries and transfer protocols. Upon study completion, a comprehensive data sharing determination will be made, with potential for de-identified datasets to be shared through secure repositories following primary publication.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Giuseppe Cullaro, MD, MAS principal investigator
Columbia University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Droxidopa capsules in people with Acute Kidney Injury and Cirrhosis, run by Giuseppe Cullaro, MD at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 16 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Giuseppe Cullaro, MD, MAS (2123050914, gc2576@cumc.columbia.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (time frame: Baseline to 28 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Aug 2026.