NursingNCT06921369
The Effect of Compassionate Care Education on Nurses
A study testing Compassion Competence Scale, Caring Behaviors Scale and Nurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care Training in people with Nursing and Compassion, run by Kırıkkale University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Compassion is an important concept underlying relationships between people. Compassion is a complex, multifaceted psychological and social process. Professional values form the basis of nursing care. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages Up to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Nursing, Compassion
- What is being tested?
- Compassion Competence Scale, Caring Behaviors Scale and Nurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care Training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2025to 23 Feb 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Up to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Volunteering to participate in the study,
- Understanding and using Turkish effectively,
- Not being on leave during the study.
Who cannot join
- Nurses who answered the data collection forms incompletely,
- Nurses who did not want to continue the study,
- Nurses who did not participate in even one of the compassionate care education programs of the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Kirikkale University
Kirikkale, Kırıkkale, 71450
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Compassionate Care Training Given According to Watson's Human Caring Model on Nurses' Compassion Levels and Caring Behaviors
Compassion is an important concept underlying relationships between people. Compassion is a complex, multifaceted psychological and social process. Professional values form the basis of nursing care. The concept of compassion is one of these professional values, as well as one of the essential components of care that facilitates nursing care. Compassion-based care provides patient-centered care with a holistic approach while increasing the quality of care. Despite this importance, many healthcare professionals remain inadequate regarding compassionate care. The idea that compassion is innate or learned in people causes various difficulties in teaching compassion. Compassionate care is an emotion that can be taught and developed with innovative interactive methods along with developing technology. Methods such as video-supported teaching and case analysis, which are widely used in nursing education, contribute to developing cognitive and affective skills such as interpretation, critical thinking, and problem-solving in nurses. In this context, it is aimed to implement compassionate care training, developed based on Watson's Human Caring Model, on nurses by enriching it with video-supported teaching and case analysis methods, and to evaluate the effect of this training on nurses' compassion levels and caring behaviors.
Read the detailed description
The research will be conducted as a single group pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental study to determine the effect of compassionate care training, which will be given using video-assisted teaching and case analysis methods according to Watson's Human Caring Model, on nurses' compassion levels and caring behaviors.
The universe of the research will consist of 220 nurses working in the Surgery Clinic, Internal Medicine Clinic, Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department at Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between 20.12.2025 and 20.02.2026. The power of the study was measured with the G*Power 3.1.9.2 package program. The sample size was calculated with a medium effect width. Accordingly, the minimum sample size to be studied for 95% power at a significance level of 0.05 and an effect width of 0.5 was predicted to be 54. The research aims to reach 60 people, considering the losses.
The sample will consist of nurses who meet the research criteria, are not on leave during the research period, and agree to participate in the research.
Implementation of the Research:
Preparation phase:
"Preparation of the Content of the Compassionate Care Education Program to be Given According to Watson's Human Care Model" Compassionate care training for nurses, based on Watson's Human Caring Model, has been developed in accordance with literature. The training is planned in four sessions. In sessions 2, 3, and 4, videos from the prepared scenarios will be shown, and case studies will be conducted with the nurses (six case scenarios containing compassionate care behaviors and six scenarios containing negative versions of the same scenario without compassionate care behaviors, for a total of 12 scenarios).
Implementation of the Study During the implementation phase of the study, pre-tests will be conducted between December 20, 2025, and February 20, 2026, by asking all nurses, for whom written consent has been obtained, to complete the "Descriptive Characteristics Form," the "Compassion Competence Scale," and the "Caring Behaviors Scale." All nurses in the sample group will receive compassionate care training implemented according to Watson's Human Caring Model. During the second, third, and fourth sessions of the training, videos taken from the prepared scenarios will be watched, and case studies will be conducted with the nurses. Following this four-week training program, post-test measurements will be taken by asking them to complete the "Compassion Competence Scale" and the "Caring Behaviors Scale." After the compassionate care training implemented according to Watson's Human Caring Model, the "Compassion Competence Scale" and "Caring Behaviors Scale" measurements will be repeated at the end of the first and second months. The training will be delivered in groups of 12 nurses, depending on their work schedules. Nurses will be divided into groups of 12, and the same training session will be delivered face-to-face to five different groups on different days that week, outside of working hours, at the nurses' convenience, in a meeting room at the hospital. After the training, nurses will be asked to complete a "Nurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care Training."
- Conditions
- Nursing, Compassion
- Being tested
- Compassion Competence Scale, Caring Behaviors Scale, Nurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care Training
- Keywords
- nursing, compassionate care, Video-assisted teaching, Caring behaviors
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Compassion Competence ScaleOther
Compassion Competence Scale
Caring Behaviors ScaleOther
Caring Behaviors Scale
Nurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care TrainingOther
Nurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care Training
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Single Group Assignment | Experimental | Nurse group Receives: Other: Compassion Competence Scale; Other: Caring Behaviors Scale; Other: Nurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Compassion Competence Scale
"Compassion Competence Scale"; consists of 3 sub-dimensions: "Communication," which expresses understanding and compassion towards patients and their families; "Sensitivity," which expresses the ability to notice and respond to changes in patients' emotions through careful observation; and "Insight," which expresses the ability to clearly understand patients and comprehensively meet their needs and conditions based on professional knowledge. The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale with 11 items. The scale is interpreted by calculating the mean scores of the items. The highest score that can be obtained from the scale is 5, and the lowest score is 1. As the score increases, the level of compassion competence increases.
Measured: 12 weeks from enrollment to the end of training
Secondary outcomes (2)
Caring Behaviors Scale
The original version of the Caring Behaviors Scale consists of 42 items. The Turkish version has 30 items and is divided into three subscales: "respect for others" (items 1-10), "professional knowledge and attitude" (items 11-20), and "being available to the individual" (items 21-30). The scale is scored using a six-point Likert-type rating system ranging from "never" to "always" and does not include reverse items. The total score ranges from 30 to 180, with no specified cutoff point. High scores indicate a positive perception of nursing care, while low scores indicate a weak perception.with the Compassionate Care Checklist will be prepared in a table form with the expressions "Strongly Disagree," "Disagree," "Undecided," "Agree," and "Strongly Agree." In the scoring, the expression "Strongly Disagree" will be given 1 point, "Disagree" 2 points, "Undecided" 3 points, "Agree" 4 points, and "Strongly Agree" 5 points. . As the score increases, compassionate care attitudes increases.
Measured: 12 weeks from enrollment to the end of training
Nurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care Training
This is a form created by the researcher with open-ended questions to obtain nurses' opinions on compassionate care education according to Watson's Human Caring Model. The form includes three open-ended questions that question nurses' feelings and thoughts about the content of the education and the methods used in the education.
Measured: 12 weeks from enrollment to the end of training
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Apr 2025
- Study start1 Dec 2025
- Primary completion23 Feb 2026
- Study completion23 Feb 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for NursingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- Single-group pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental study
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kırıkkale University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gönül GÜMÜŞ, Kırıkkale University
- Investigators
- Gönül GÜMÜŞ, Principal investigator, Kırıkkale University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06921369
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 04-371
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 18 Mar 2025
- Last updated
- 27 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: It will not be shared because it is not ethically appropriate.
Publications
Abate M, Tadesse N, Mitiku K. Level of compassionate health care service provision and its associated factors among health professionals working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa: health professionals' perspective. Heliyon. 2022 Mar 23;8(3):e09160. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09160. eCollection 2022 Mar.
PubMed 35846442Adam D, Taylor R. Compassionate care: empowering students through nurse education. Nurse Educ Today. 2014 Sep;34(9):1242-5. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2013.07.011. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
PubMed 23972295
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Compassionate Care Training Given According to Watson's Human Caring Model on Nurses' Compassion Levels and Caring Behaviors
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06921369
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 04-371
- Conditions
- Nursing, Compassion
- Keywords
- nursing, compassionate care, Video-assisted teaching, Caring behaviors
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Kırıkkale UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 23 Feb 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Compassion is an important concept underlying relationships between people. Compassion is a complex, multifaceted psychological and social process. Professional values form the basis of nursing care. The concept of compassion is one of these professional values, as well as one of the essential components of care that facilitates nursing care. Compassion-based care provides patient-centered care with a holistic approach while increasing the quality of care. Despite this importance, many healthcare professionals remain inadequate regarding compassionate care. The idea that compassion is innate or learned in people causes various difficulties in teaching compassion. Compassionate care is an emotion that can be taught and developed with innovative interactive methods along with developing technology. Methods such as video-supported teaching and case analysis, which are widely used in nursing education, contribute to developing cognitive and affective skills such as interpretation, critical thinking, and problem-solving in nurses. In this context, it is aimed to implement compassionate care training, developed based on Watson's Human Caring Model, on nurses by enriching it with video-supported teaching and case analysis methods, and to evaluate the effect of this training on nurses' compassion levels and caring behaviors.
Detailed description
The research will be conducted as a single group pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental study to determine the effect of compassionate care training, which will be given using video-assisted teaching and case analysis methods according to Watson's Human Caring Model, on nurses' compassion levels and caring behaviors.
The universe of the research will consist of 220 nurses working in the Surgery Clinic, Internal Medicine Clinic, Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department at Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between 20.12.2025 and 20.02.2026. The power of the study was measured with the G*Power 3.1.9.2 package program. The sample size was calculated with a medium effect width. Accordingly, the minimum sample size to be studied for 95% power at a significance level of 0.05 and an effect width of 0.5 was predicted to be 54. The research aims to reach 60 people, considering the losses.
The sample will consist of nurses who meet the research criteria, are not on leave during the research period, and agree to participate in the research.
Implementation of the Research:
Preparation phase:
"Preparation of the Content of the Compassionate Care Education Program to be Given According to Watson's Human Care Model" Compassionate care training for nurses, based on Watson's Human Caring Model, has been developed in accordance with literature. The training is planned in four sessions. In sessions 2, 3, and 4, videos from the prepared scenarios will be shown, and case studies will be conducted with the nurses (six case scenarios containing compassionate care behaviors and six scenarios containing negative versions of the same scenario without compassionate care behaviors, for a total of 12 scenarios).
Implementation of the Study During the implementation phase of the study, pre-tests will be conducted between December 20, 2025, and February 20, 2026, by asking all nurses, for whom written consent has been obtained, to complete the "Descriptive Characteristics Form," the "Compassion Competence Scale," and the "Caring Behaviors Scale." All nurses in the sample group will receive compassionate care training implemented according to Watson's Human Caring Model. During the second, third, and fourth sessions of the training, videos taken from the prepared scenarios will be watched, and case studies will be conducted with the nurses. Following this four-week training program, post-test measurements will be taken by asking them to complete the "Compassion Competence Scale" and the "Caring Behaviors Scale." After the compassionate care training implemented according to Watson's Human Caring Model, the "Compassion Competence Scale" and "Caring Behaviors Scale" measurements will be repeated at the end of the first and second months. The training will be delivered in groups of 12 nurses, depending on their work schedules. Nurses will be divided into groups of 12, and the same training session will be delivered face-to-face to five different groups on different days that week, outside of working hours, at the nurses' convenience, in a meeting room at the hospital. After the training, nurses will be asked to complete a "Nurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care Training."
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- Single-group pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental study
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Single Group Assignment | Experimental | Other: Compassion Competence Scale, Other: Caring Behaviors Scale, Other: Nurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care TrainingNurse group |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- Up to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Volunteering to participate in the study,
- Understanding and using Turkish effectively,
- Not being on leave during the study.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Nurses who answered the data collection forms incompletely,
- Nurses who did not want to continue the study,
- Nurses who did not participate in even one of the compassionate care education programs of the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Compassion Competence ScaleCompassion Competence Scale | Other | Single Group Assignment |
| Caring Behaviors ScaleCaring Behaviors Scale | Other | Single Group Assignment |
| Nurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care TrainingNurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care Training | Other | Single Group Assignment |
Primary outcome
Compassion Competence Scale
Time frame: 12 weeks from enrollment to the end of training
"Compassion Competence Scale"; consists of 3 sub-dimensions: "Communication," which expresses understanding and compassion towards patients and their families; "Sensitivity," which expresses the ability to notice and respond to changes in patients' emotions through careful observation; and "Insight," which expresses the ability to clearly understand patients and comprehensively meet their needs and conditions based on professional knowledge. The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale with 11 items. The scale is interpreted by calculating the mean scores of the items. The highest score that can be obtained from the scale is 5, and the lowest score is 1. As the score increases, the level of compassion competence increases.
2 secondary outcomes
Caring Behaviors Scale
Time frame: 12 weeks from enrollment to the end of training
Nurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care Training
Time frame: 12 weeks from enrollment to the end of training
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Oct 2026.
- Background: PubMed 35846442Abate M, Tadesse N, Mitiku K. Level of compassionate health care service provision and its associated factors among health professionals working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa: health professionals' perspective. Heliyon. 2022 Mar 23;8(3):e09160. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09160. eCollection 2022 Mar.
- Background: PubMed 23972295Adam D, Taylor R. Compassionate care: empowering students through nurse education. Nurse Educ Today. 2014 Sep;34(9):1242-5. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2013.07.011. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
- Compassion careLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. It will not be shared because it is not ethically appropriate.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Gönül GÜMÜŞ principal investigator
Kırıkkale University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Compassion Competence Scale, Caring Behaviors Scale and Nurse Feedback Form on Compassionate Care Training in people with Nursing and Compassion, run by Kırıkkale University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Compassion Competence Scale (time frame: 12 weeks from enrollment to the end of training). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06921369, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Oct 2026.