Cervical RadiculopathyNCT06866821
Spinal Mobilization and PNF Comparison on Pain, Disability in Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy
A study testing SMWAM's and PNF C-R Technique and PNF C-R Technique and PT Protocol in people with Cervical Radiculopathy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
As in this modern era of digitalization; mobile phones, touch pads and computers devices use is increasing, neck pain that radiates into upper limb is also becoming common due to such devices long term use in bad postures or positions for more workload. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 21 to 50 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Cervical Radiculopathy
- What is being tested?
- SMWAM's and PNF C-R Technique and PNF C-R Technique and PT Protocol
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 38 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 12 Jan 2024to 21 Feb 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 21 to 50 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Both males, females of 21 years to 50 years old
- Patients already diagnosed by orthopedicians
- Patients with positive screening (upper limb tension, spurling \& distraction) tests
Who cannot join
- History of trauma, fracture and previous surgery
- Any pathological condition, spinal instability and tumor
- VBI (Vertebral-Basillar Insufficiency) and cervical instability/spondylolisthesis
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site
Riphah International University
Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000
About this study
Official title: Comparison of Mulligan's Spinal Mobilization With Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique on Pain, Disability and Range of Motion in Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy
As in this modern era of digitalization; mobile phones, touch pads and computers devices use is increasing, neck pain that radiates into upper limb is also becoming common due to such devices long term use in bad postures or positions for more workload. The resulted findings could significantly contribute to the refinement of rehabilitation interventions, offering a more holistic and tailored approach for addressing cervical radiculopathy sensory and motor symptoms, ultimately improving individuals daily living activities and life quality. It will be helpful for physiotherapists to find evidence about comparison of mulligan's spinal mobilization along with arm movement with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on pain, disability and range of motion in patients with cervical radiculopathy. It will be beneficial for patients also to improve pain, activities of daily living and working tasks in a comfortable position.
Read the detailed description
Cervical radiculopathy is a clinical situation in which reflex, motor, and sensory alterations e.g. radicular pain, paresthesia, or numbness might be present and might be increased by neck bad postures and movements. Due to sustained forward head and neck posture and repetitive movements, cervical pain and numbness is becoming common in office, bank and online workers. The cervical radiculopathy new cases report yearly is almost 107.3 per 1 lac for men and 63.5 per 1 lac for women. It is essential to find new efficient methods of cervical radiculopathy physical therapy management.
Males and females of age 21-50 years old added in this study. Screening tests will include upper limb tension tests (ULTT), spurling (compression) test and distraction test. Subjects randomly assigned into two groups by lottery method. Experimental group (N=19) received Mulligan's spinal mobilization with arm movements (SMWAMs) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) contract-relax technique and control group (N=19) received Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) contract-relax technique and standard physical therapy protocol including passive stretching exercises (3 sets of 10 repetitions) and isometric strengthening exercises (2 sets of 10 repetitions). Outcome measures included numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) for pain, neck disability index (NDI) for functional disability and goniometer for range of motion (ROM). Data analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 26) software.
- Conditions
- Cervical Radiculopathy
- Being tested
- SMWAM's and PNF C-R Technique, PNF C-R Technique and PT Protocol
- Keywords
- Cervical Radiculopathy, Pain, Range of Motion, Distraction, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
- Medical subject headings
- Radiculopathy, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
SMWAM's and PNF C-R TechniqueOther
Treatment provided 3 days every week in 6 total weeks with 1 meeting per day, 3 bunches of 10 times repeat and resting period of one minute among bunches. This group received Mulligan's spinal mobilization with arm movement and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitatin contract-relax technique. Previous to mobilization, all patients got hot pack (10 minutes) and active range of motion warm up exercises (2 sets of 10 repetitions) and did isometric neck exercise as a home plan of care.
Mobilisation (22) was done depending on the side of involvement, the corresponding spinous process would be mobilised combined with different movements of shoulder (flexion/ abduction/ horizontal abduction/ horizontal adduction).
Proprioceptive neuro-muscular facilitation contract relax technique performed with 3 repetitions in each cervical movement (flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation) (27).
PNF C-R Technique and PT ProtocolOther
Treatment provided 3 days every week in 6 weeks with 1 meeting per day, 5 clusters of 3 times repeat and resting period of one minute among clusters. Regime of training involved PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) contract-relax method along with the standard physical therapy protocol which includes passive stretching (3 sets of 10 repetitions) and isometric strengthening exercises (2 sets of 10 repetitions).
Proprioceptive neuro-muscular facilitation contract relax technique performed with 3 repetitions in each cervical movement (flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation) (27).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group (SMWAM's and PNF C-R Technique) | Experimental | Experimental group received Mulligan's Spinal Mobilization with Arm Movements and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation contract-relax technique. Receives: Other: SMWAM's and PNF C-R Technique |
| Control Group (PNF C-R Technique and PT Protocol) | Experimental | Control group received Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Contract-relax Technique and Physical Therapy protocol. Receives: Other: PNF C-R Technique and PT Protocol |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain by Numeric Pain Rating Scale
This was used for pain intensity assessment. Patient rested on stool or chair and ordered to score resting pain extent in between 0 and 10 range; 0 means without pain and 10 means much high pain as possible in 10cm numbers line.
Measured: 6 weeks
Neck level of disability by Neck Disability Index
Neck disability Index was used for functional disability of neck assessment. NDI is a 10-items questionnaire that assesses the effect of neck signs and symptoms on daily living functional activities. Every item is marked from range 0 to 5, along with total score from 0 to 50 range and maximum scores means maximum disability. NDI has reliability acceptable in the self-perceptual disability assessment and an MCID (minimal clinically important difference) of 8.5 points in cervical radiculopathy patients.
Measured: 6 weeks
Cervical Range of Motion by Goniometer
Goniometer was used for active cervical spine range of the motion (flexion, extension, rotation, side bending) assessment. Side bending, rotation measured on the symptomatic and asymptomatic both sides.
Measured: 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Mar 2025
- Study start12 Jan 2024
- Primary completion21 Feb 2025
- Study completion21 Feb 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cervical RadiculopathyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 38 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Muhammad Azeem, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06866821
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Muhammad Azeem
- Status last verified
- Mar 2025
- First submitted
- 4 Mar 2025
- Last updated
- 12 Mar 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Kamal AS, Zakaria HM, Elsamra MK, Gaballah MA, Elrewainy RM. EFFICACY OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE TRAINING PARADIGM ON CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY. Assessment. 2023;1000(2):12.
Gashi AI, Kovačič T, Gashi F, Azemi A. The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on treating cervical radiculopathy. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2023;23(3):722-9.
Taneja D, Saharan A, Ranjeeta W, Sharma M, Saharan M, Dubey S, et al. Effect of Mulligan's Smwam among Subjects with UnilateralCervical Radiculopathy. Eduzone: International Peer Reviewed/Refereed Multidisciplinary Journal. 2023;12(1):11-22.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Mar 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of Mulligan's Spinal Mobilization With Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique on Pain, Disability and Range of Motion in Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06866821
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Muhammad Azeem
- Conditions
- Cervical Radiculopathy
- Keywords
- Cervical Radiculopathy, Pain, Range of Motion, Distraction, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 38 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 12 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 21 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 21 Feb 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
As in this modern era of digitalization; mobile phones, touch pads and computers devices use is increasing, neck pain that radiates into upper limb is also becoming common due to such devices long term use in bad postures or positions for more workload. The resulted findings could significantly contribute to the refinement of rehabilitation interventions, offering a more holistic and tailored approach for addressing cervical radiculopathy sensory and motor symptoms, ultimately improving individuals daily living activities and life quality. It will be helpful for physiotherapists to find evidence about comparison of mulligan's spinal mobilization along with arm movement with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on pain, disability and range of motion in patients with cervical radiculopathy. It will be beneficial for patients also to improve pain, activities of daily living and working tasks in a comfortable position.
Detailed description
Cervical radiculopathy is a clinical situation in which reflex, motor, and sensory alterations e.g. radicular pain, paresthesia, or numbness might be present and might be increased by neck bad postures and movements. Due to sustained forward head and neck posture and repetitive movements, cervical pain and numbness is becoming common in office, bank and online workers. The cervical radiculopathy new cases report yearly is almost 107.3 per 1 lac for men and 63.5 per 1 lac for women. It is essential to find new efficient methods of cervical radiculopathy physical therapy management.
Males and females of age 21-50 years old added in this study. Screening tests will include upper limb tension tests (ULTT), spurling (compression) test and distraction test. Subjects randomly assigned into two groups by lottery method. Experimental group (N=19) received Mulligan's spinal mobilization with arm movements (SMWAMs) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) contract-relax technique and control group (N=19) received Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) contract-relax technique and standard physical therapy protocol including passive stretching exercises (3 sets of 10 repetitions) and isometric strengthening exercises (2 sets of 10 repetitions). Outcome measures included numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) for pain, neck disability index (NDI) for functional disability and goniometer for range of motion (ROM). Data analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 26) software.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group (SMWAM's and PNF C-R Technique) | Experimental | Other: SMWAM's and PNF C-R TechniqueExperimental group received Mulligan's Spinal Mobilization with Arm Movements and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation contract-relax technique. |
| Control Group (PNF C-R Technique and PT Protocol) | Experimental | Other: PNF C-R Technique and PT ProtocolControl group received Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Contract-relax Technique and Physical Therapy protocol. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 21 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Both males, females of 21 years to 50 years old
- Patients already diagnosed by orthopedicians
- Patients with positive screening (upper limb tension, spurling \& distraction) tests
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- History of trauma, fracture and previous surgery
- Any pathological condition, spinal instability and tumor
- VBI (Vertebral-Basillar Insufficiency) and cervical instability/spondylolisthesis
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| SMWAM's and PNF C-R TechniqueTreatment provided 3 days every week in 6 total weeks with 1 meeting per day, 3 bunches of 10 times repeat and resting period of one minute among bunches. This group received Mulligan's spinal mobilization with arm movement and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitatin contract-relax technique. Previous to mobilization, all patients got hot pack (10 minutes) and active range of motion warm up exercises (2 sets of 10 repetitions) and did isometric neck exercise as a home plan of care. Mobilisation (22) was done depending on the side of involvement, the corresponding spinous process would be mobilised combined with different movements of shoulder (flexion/ abduction/ horizontal abduction/ horizontal adduction). Proprioceptive neuro-muscular facilitation contract relax technique performed with 3 repetitions in each cervical movement (flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation) (27). | Other | Experimental Group (SMWAM's and PNF C-R Technique) |
| PNF C-R Technique and PT ProtocolTreatment provided 3 days every week in 6 weeks with 1 meeting per day, 5 clusters of 3 times repeat and resting period of one minute among clusters. Regime of training involved PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) contract-relax method along with the standard physical therapy protocol which includes passive stretching (3 sets of 10 repetitions) and isometric strengthening exercises (2 sets of 10 repetitions). Proprioceptive neuro-muscular facilitation contract relax technique performed with 3 repetitions in each cervical movement (flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation) (27). | Other | Control Group (PNF C-R Technique and PT Protocol) |
Primary outcome
Pain by Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Time frame: 6 weeks
This was used for pain intensity assessment. Patient rested on stool or chair and ordered to score resting pain extent in between 0 and 10 range; 0 means without pain and 10 means much high pain as possible in 10cm numbers line.
Neck level of disability by Neck Disability Index
Time frame: 6 weeks
Neck disability Index was used for functional disability of neck assessment. NDI is a 10-items questionnaire that assesses the effect of neck signs and symptoms on daily living functional activities. Every item is marked from range 0 to 5, along with total score from 0 to 50 range and maximum scores means maximum disability. NDI has reliability acceptable in the self-perceptual disability assessment and an MCID (minimal clinically important difference) of 8.5 points in cervical radiculopathy patients.
Cervical Range of Motion by Goniometer
Time frame: 6 weeks
Goniometer was used for active cervical spine range of the motion (flexion, extension, rotation, side bending) assessment. Side bending, rotation measured on the symptomatic and asymptomatic both sides.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Mar 2025.
- BackgroundKamal AS, Zakaria HM, Elsamra MK, Gaballah MA, Elrewainy RM. EFFICACY OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE TRAINING PARADIGM ON CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY. Assessment. 2023;1000(2):12.
- BackgroundGashi AI, Kovačič T, Gashi F, Azemi A. The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on treating cervical radiculopathy. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2023;23(3):722-9.
- BackgroundTaneja D, Saharan A, Ranjeeta W, Sharma M, Saharan M, Dubey S, et al. Effect of Mulligan's Smwam among Subjects with UnilateralCervical Radiculopathy. Eduzone: International Peer Reviewed/Refereed Multidisciplinary Journal. 2023;12(1):11-22.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Muhammad Azeem principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing SMWAM's and PNF C-R Technique and PNF C-R Technique and PT Protocol in people with Cervical Radiculopathy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Mar 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain by Numeric Pain Rating Scale (time frame: 6 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06866821, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Mar 2025.