Caesarean SectionNCT06827600
Breastfeeding Intention and Breastfeeding Attitudes in the Postpartum Period
A study testing Structured breastfeeding education and follow-up in people with Caesarean Section and Nulliparous, run by Aydin Adnan Menderes University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Purpose: It will be carried out to determine the effect of breastfeeding education given to nulliparous pregnant women before cesarean section on breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding attitudes in the postpartum period. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 49 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Caesarean Section, Nulliparous, Breastfeeding, Exclusive
- What is being tested?
- Structured breastfeeding education and follow-up
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 70 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 3 Apr 2024to 27 Jan 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 49 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Being 18 years of age or older,
- Speaking and understanding Turkish,
- Having a planned Caesarean section,
- Being nulliparous
Who cannot join
- Having a history of psychological or mental health problems
- Having any condition in the mother or infant that was a barrier to breastfeeding (using medication that passes into breast milk, breast structure not being suitable for milk production, mastectomy operation, etc.)
- The baby's admission into the neonatal unit
- The baby's separation from the mother for any reason
- Having a disease (anomaly, cleft palate and lip, etc.) that prevents the baby from breastfeeding,
- Having given childbirth outside of the 37-42nd week,
- Having a baby with a birth weight below 2500 grams
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Breastfeeding Training Given to Nulliparous Pregnant Women Before Cesarean Section on Breastfeeding Intention and Attitudes in the Postpartum Period: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Purpose:
It will be carried out to determine the effect of breastfeeding education given to nulliparous pregnant women before cesarean section on breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding attitudes in the postpartum period.
Read more
Material method:
The research, planned as a randomized controlled experimental study, will be carried out with a total of 70 mothers who are hospitalized in the Maternity Clinic of Bursa Uludağ University Research and Practice Hospital and who meet the study assignment criteria and who are determined by simple randomization method. Breastfeeding education and support will be provided to 35 women in the experimental group, and 35 women in the control group will be left to the hospital's usual care. Data will be collected between April 2024 and January 2025 using the "Introductory Form," "Newborn Feeding Intention Scale," and "Breastfeeding Attitude Evaluation Scale." The educational intervention will be carried out one-on-one in the woman's own room during the prenatal period for the women allocated to the experimental group. In addition to the explanation, question and answer, and visual material use, the demonstration technique with a newborn model will be used in the education. A booklet containing written illustrated breastfeeding education prepared in line with the literature will be given to mothers with cesarean delivery. The data will be filled in the "Introductory Information Form," "Newborn Feeding Intention Scale," and "Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale." The data of the study will be analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 20.0 package program. Descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, minimum-maximum, standard deviation, number, and percentage), Student t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test will be used in the analysis of the data.
Expected Result:
Determining the effect of breastfeeding education given to nulliparous pregnant women before cesarean section on breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding attitudes in the postpartum period will guide health professionals. It will be a resource for studies that can be conducted on different sample groups and in different regions on the subject and will contribute to national and international literature and scientific knowledge with the publication to be made.
Read the detailed description
Cesarean section rates are increasing every year worldwide and in Turkey. Due to the effects of anesthesia and pain in the cesarean area, breastfeeding and continuing breastfeeding are difficult. Breastfeeding is very important for maintaining the healthy growth of newborns, preventing future health problems such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases, and for maternal health. For these reasons, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that babies be fed only breast milk for the first six months and that breastfeeding should continue for two years.
Data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) indicate that numerous countries have cesarean section rates that surpass the recommended thresholds. Notably, Turkey has the highest cesarean section rate at 53.1%. Research has demonstrated that cesarean deliveries can pose challenges in initiating and sustaining breastfeeding.
Achieving WHO's 2030 goals on breast milk and breastfeeding, increasing breast milk intake, and increasing breastfeeding rates at the national level will directly contribute to maternal and child health and indirectly reduce family and health expenditures. However, when previous studies in the literature are examined, it is known that cesarean births, the effects of anesthesia, and pain in the cesarean area make breastfeeding and continuing breastfeeding a difficult factor.
This research project, which is planned as a randomized controlled experimental study, will be carried out to determine the effect of breastfeeding education and support given to nulliparous pregnant women before cesarean on breastfeeding intentions and breastfeeding attitudes in the postpartum period.
Research Questions:
- Is there a difference between the breastfeeding intentions of women in the experimental and control groups before the education intervention?
- Is there a difference between the breastfeeding intentions of women in the experimental and control groups after the education intervention?
- Is there a difference between the time when women who received breastfeeding education and support and women who did not receive it started breastfeeding?
- Is there a difference in the attitudes of women who received breastfeeding education and support and those who did not receive cesarean section regarding breastfeeding in the postpartum period?
- 5. Is there a difference in the delivery times between women who receive breastfeeding education and support and those who do not?
The project aims to ensure that mothers who gave birth by cesarean section and were given breastfeeding education and support will feed their babies exclusively with breast milk for at least 6 months to continue their breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding attitude and to increase the breastfeeding rates of mothers who gave birth by cesarean section.
Target measurements
- Before and after education (while pregnant before cesarean section)
- During discharge (postpartum period),
- In the first, third, and sixth months after discharge, the process will be conducted by phone call.
It aims to analyze and report the results of the newborn breastfeeding duration intention and breastfeeding attitude scale scores of the experimental and control groups.
- Being tested
- Structured breastfeeding education and follow-up
- Keywords
- Caesarean section, Nulliparous, Breastfeeding, Exclusive, Breastfeeding attitude, Breastfeeding intention
- Medical subject headings
- Breast Feeding
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Structured breastfeeding education and follow-upBehavioural
Breastfeeding education was provided face-to-face to mothers assigned to the experimental group. The authors developed a breastfeeding education program and prepared a booklet. This booklets were distributed to experimental group.Follow-up were carried out on the 3rd day and at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months postpartum. each follow-up session, the educational program's core components were reinforced through a standardized summary, ensuring continuity and clarity in the information provided.
Training Content
- Significance of Breastfeeding
- Advantages of Breastfeeding
- Overview of Colostrum
- Duration for Breastfeeding
- Breastfeeding Positions
- Strategies for Enhancing Breast Milk Production
- Increasing Breast Milk Supply
- Techniques for Placing the Baby on the Breast
- Implications of Improper Baby Positioning
- Indicators of Sufficient Breast Milk for the Infant
- Expressing Breast Milk
- Recommendations for Storing Expressed Milk
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | The experimental group in this study received structured breastfeeding education in addition to the standard care provided by healthcare professionals. Receives: Behavioral: Structured breastfeeding education and follow-up |
| Control group | No intervention | The control group was in the usual care. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Infant feeding Intentions before Intervention
Before the breastfeeding education intervention, the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" was applied to the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups. The intentions of the pregnant women in both groups to breastfeed their babies were evaluated.According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong.
Measured: before Intervention (37th and 42nd weeks of pregnancy)
Breastfeeding intentions after Intervention
After the breastfeeding education intervention in the experimental group, the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" was applied to the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups. The intentions of both groups to breastfeed their babies were determined.groups. The intentions of the pregnant women in both groups to breastfeed their babies were evaluated.According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong.
Measured: after Intervention (37th and 42nd weeks of pregnancy)
Breastfeeding intentions before discharge
Before discharge, mothers in both the experimental and control groups were administered the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale". The intentions of the mothers in both groups to breastfeed their babies were evaluated. According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong. As the score of the breastfeeding attitude scale increases, it is evaluated that the breastfeeding attitude is positive. The scale has no subgroups.
Measured: Postpartum 3rd day
Breastfeeding attitude before discharge
Before discharge, mothers in both the experimental and control groups were administered the "Breastfeeding Attitude Scale." This instrument yields scores ranging from 0 to 184, with one item being reverse-scored. An increase in the score reflects a more positive attitude toward breastfeeding.
Measured: Postpartum 3rd day
Breastfeeding intentions: postpartum 1st month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" on the first month postpartum. According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong. As the breastfeeding attitude scale scores increase, it is evaluated that the breastfeeding attitude is positive. The scale has no subgroups.
Measured: Postpartum 1st month
Breastfeeding attitude: postpartum 1st month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale" during the first month postpartum. This instrument yields scores ranging from 0 to 184, with one reverse-scored item. An increase in the score reflects a more positive attitude toward breastfeeding.
Measured: Postpartum 1st month
Breastfeeding Intentions: postpartum 3rd month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" on the 3rd month postpartum. According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong. As the breastfeeding attitude scale scores increase, it is evaluated that the breastfeeding attitude is positive. The scale has no subgroups.
Measured: Postpartum 3rd month
Breastfeeding attitude: postpartum 3rd month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale" during the 3rd month postpartum. This instrument yields scores ranging from 0 to 184, with one reverse-scored item. An increase in the score reflects a more positive attitude toward breastfeeding.
Measured: Postpartum 3rd month
Breastfeeding Intentions: postpartum 6th month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" on the 6th month postpartum. According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong. As the breastfeeding attitude scale scores increase, it is evaluated that the breastfeeding attitude is positive. The scale has no subgroups.
Measured: Postpartum 6th month
Breastfeeding attitude: postpartum 6th month
In the 6th month postpartum, mothers in both the experimental and control groups underwent evaluation using the "Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale." This scale generates scores ranging from 0 to 184, with one item scored in reverse. An increase in the total score signifies a more positive attitude toward breastfeeding.
Measured: Postpartum 6th month
Secondary outcomes (5)
The starting breastfeeding in the first hour
Assessed using the Breastfeeding Follow-up Form in 3rd day postpartum. Mothers reported whether they started breastfeeding within the first hour after birth
Measured: Postpartum 3rd day
Bottle feeding
Assessed using the Breastfeeding Follow-up Form in 3rd day postpartum. Mothers reported whether they started breastfeeding within the first hour after birth.
Mothers reported whether they feed her baby with exclusively mother's milk.
Measured: Postpartum 3rd day
Exclusively feeding with mother's milk
Breastfeeding was assessed using the Breastfeeding Follow-up Form. Mothers provided information regarding whether they practiced exclusive breastfeeding during the first month following the birth of their child.
Mothers reported whether they feed her baby with exclusively mother's milk.
Measured: postpartum 1sth month
Exclusively feeding with mother's milk
Breastfeeding was assessed using the Breastfeeding Follow-up Form. Mothers provided information regarding whether they practiced exclusive breastfeeding during the 3rd month following the birth of their child.
Measured: Postpartum 3rd month
Exclusively feeding with mother's milk
Breastfeeding was assessed using the Breastfeeding Follow-up Form. Mothers provided information regarding whether they practiced exclusive breastfeeding during the 6th month following the birth of their child.
Measured: Postpartum 6th month
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Feb 2025
- Study start3 Apr 2024
- Primary completion30 Jul 2024
- Study completion27 Jan 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Caesarean SectionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Aydin Adnan Menderes UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Following recruitment, the pregnant women were divided into a study and a control group by randomization (1:1 randomization)
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Care provider, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 70 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gonca Buran, Aydin Adnan Menderes University
- Investigators
- Gonca Buran, Principal investigator, Uludag University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06827600
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 915
- Status last verified
- Feb 2025
- First submitted
- 27 Jan 2025
- Last updated
- 14 Feb 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Güneri, S. E., Muslu, G. K., & Güner, Ö. (2019). The Turkish Version of the Infant Feeding Intention Instrument (IFI-T). 41(3): 269-74
Buran G, Ozyazicioglu N, Aydin AI, Atak M. Evaluation of breastfeeding success and self-efficacy in mothers giving birth via vaginal delivery or cesarean section: a cross-sectional study. Women Health. 2022 Oct-Dec;62(9-10):788-798. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2022.2146832. Epub 2022 Nov 20.
PubMed 36404416Hobbs AJ, Mannion CA, McDonald SW, Brockway M, Tough SC. The impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding initiation, duration and difficulties in the first four months postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016 Apr 26;16:90. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0876-1.
PubMed 27118118Li L, Wan W, Zhu C. Breastfeeding after a cesarean section: A literature review. Midwifery. 2021 Dec;103:103117. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103117. Epub 2021 Aug 14.
PubMed 34425257
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Feb 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Breastfeeding Training Given to Nulliparous Pregnant Women Before Cesarean Section on Breastfeeding Intention and Attitudes in the Postpartum Period: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06827600
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 915
- Keywords
- Caesarean section, Nulliparous, Breastfeeding, Exclusive, Breastfeeding attitude, Breastfeeding intention
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 70 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Aydin Adnan Menderes UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
- Study start
- 3 Apr 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 27 Jan 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Purpose:
It will be carried out to determine the effect of breastfeeding education given to nulliparous pregnant women before cesarean section on breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding attitudes in the postpartum period.
Material method:
The research, planned as a randomized controlled experimental study, will be carried out with a total of 70 mothers who are hospitalized in the Maternity Clinic of Bursa Uludağ University Research and Practice Hospital and who meet the study assignment criteria and who are determined by simple randomization method. Breastfeeding education and support will be provided to 35 women in the experimental group, and 35 women in the control group will be left to the hospital's usual care. Data will be collected between April 2024 and January 2025 using the "Introductory Form," "Newborn Feeding Intention Scale," and "Breastfeeding Attitude Evaluation Scale." The educational intervention will be carried out one-on-one in the woman's own room during the prenatal period for the women allocated to the experimental group. In addition to the explanation, question and answer, and visual material use, the demonstration technique with a newborn model will be used in the education. A booklet containing written illustrated breastfeeding education prepared in line with the literature will be given to mothers with cesarean delivery. The data will be filled in the "Introductory Information Form," "Newborn Feeding Intention Scale," and "Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale." The data of the study will be analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 20.0 package program. Descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, minimum-maximum, standard deviation, number, and percentage), Student t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test will be used in the analysis of the data.
Expected Result:
Determining the effect of breastfeeding education given to nulliparous pregnant women before cesarean section on breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding attitudes in the postpartum period will guide health professionals. It will be a resource for studies that can be conducted on different sample groups and in different regions on the subject and will contribute to national and international literature and scientific knowledge with the publication to be made.
Detailed description
Cesarean section rates are increasing every year worldwide and in Turkey. Due to the effects of anesthesia and pain in the cesarean area, breastfeeding and continuing breastfeeding are difficult. Breastfeeding is very important for maintaining the healthy growth of newborns, preventing future health problems such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases, and for maternal health. For these reasons, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that babies be fed only breast milk for the first six months and that breastfeeding should continue for two years.
Data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) indicate that numerous countries have cesarean section rates that surpass the recommended thresholds. Notably, Turkey has the highest cesarean section rate at 53.1%. Research has demonstrated that cesarean deliveries can pose challenges in initiating and sustaining breastfeeding.
Achieving WHO's 2030 goals on breast milk and breastfeeding, increasing breast milk intake, and increasing breastfeeding rates at the national level will directly contribute to maternal and child health and indirectly reduce family and health expenditures. However, when previous studies in the literature are examined, it is known that cesarean births, the effects of anesthesia, and pain in the cesarean area make breastfeeding and continuing breastfeeding a difficult factor.
This research project, which is planned as a randomized controlled experimental study, will be carried out to determine the effect of breastfeeding education and support given to nulliparous pregnant women before cesarean on breastfeeding intentions and breastfeeding attitudes in the postpartum period.
Research Questions:
- Is there a difference between the breastfeeding intentions of women in the experimental and control groups before the education intervention?
- Is there a difference between the breastfeeding intentions of women in the experimental and control groups after the education intervention?
- Is there a difference between the time when women who received breastfeeding education and support and women who did not receive it started breastfeeding?
- Is there a difference in the attitudes of women who received breastfeeding education and support and those who did not receive cesarean section regarding breastfeeding in the postpartum period?
- 5. Is there a difference in the delivery times between women who receive breastfeeding education and support and those who do not?
The project aims to ensure that mothers who gave birth by cesarean section and were given breastfeeding education and support will feed their babies exclusively with breast milk for at least 6 months to continue their breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding attitude and to increase the breastfeeding rates of mothers who gave birth by cesarean section.
Target measurements
- Before and after education (while pregnant before cesarean section)
- During discharge (postpartum period),
- In the first, third, and sixth months after discharge, the process will be conducted by phone call.
It aims to analyze and report the results of the newborn breastfeeding duration intention and breastfeeding attitude scale scores of the experimental and control groups.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (care provider, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Following recruitment, the pregnant women were divided into a study and a control group by randomization (1:1 randomization)
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | Behavioral: Structured breastfeeding education and follow-upThe experimental group in this study received structured breastfeeding education in addition to the standard care provided by healthcare professionals. |
| Control group | No intervention | –The control group was in the usual care. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 49 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Being 18 years of age or older,
- Speaking and understanding Turkish,
- Having a planned Caesarean section,
- Being nulliparous
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Having a history of psychological or mental health problems
- Having any condition in the mother or infant that was a barrier to breastfeeding (using medication that passes into breast milk, breast structure not being suitable for milk production, mastectomy operation, etc.)
- The baby's admission into the neonatal unit
- The baby's separation from the mother for any reason
- Having a disease (anomaly, cleft palate and lip, etc.) that prevents the baby from breastfeeding,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Structured breastfeeding education and follow-upBreastfeeding education was provided face-to-face to mothers assigned to the experimental group. The authors developed a breastfeeding education program and prepared a booklet. This booklets were distributed to experimental group.Follow-up were carried out on the 3rd day and at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months postpartum. each follow-up session, the educational program's core components were reinforced through a standardized summary, ensuring continuity and clarity in the information provided. Training Content * Significance of Breastfeeding * Advantages of Breastfeeding * Overview of Colostrum * Duration for Breastfeeding * Breastfeeding Positions * Strategies for Enhancing Breast Milk Production * Increasing Breast Milk Supply * Techniques for Placing the Baby on the Breast * Implications of Improper Baby Positioning * Indicators of Sufficient Breast Milk for the Infant * Expressing Breast Milk * Recommendations for Storing Expressed Milk | Behavioural | Experimental group |
Primary outcome
Infant feeding Intentions before Intervention
Time frame: before Intervention (37th and 42nd weeks of pregnancy)
Before the breastfeeding education intervention, the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" was applied to the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups. The intentions of the pregnant women in both groups to breastfeed their babies were evaluated.According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong.
Breastfeeding intentions after Intervention
Time frame: after Intervention (37th and 42nd weeks of pregnancy)
After the breastfeeding education intervention in the experimental group, the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" was applied to the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups. The intentions of both groups to breastfeed their babies were determined.groups. The intentions of the pregnant women in both groups to breastfeed their babies were evaluated.According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong.
Breastfeeding intentions before discharge
Time frame: Postpartum 3rd day
Before discharge, mothers in both the experimental and control groups were administered the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale". The intentions of the mothers in both groups to breastfeed their babies were evaluated. According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong. As the score of the breastfeeding attitude scale increases, it is evaluated that the breastfeeding attitude is positive. The scale has no subgroups.
Breastfeeding attitude before discharge
Time frame: Postpartum 3rd day
Before discharge, mothers in both the experimental and control groups were administered the "Breastfeeding Attitude Scale." This instrument yields scores ranging from 0 to 184, with one item being reverse-scored. An increase in the score reflects a more positive attitude toward breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding intentions: postpartum 1st month
Time frame: Postpartum 1st month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" on the first month postpartum. According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong. As the breastfeeding attitude scale scores increase, it is evaluated that the breastfeeding attitude is positive. The scale has no subgroups.
Breastfeeding attitude: postpartum 1st month
Time frame: Postpartum 1st month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale" during the first month postpartum. This instrument yields scores ranging from 0 to 184, with one reverse-scored item. An increase in the score reflects a more positive attitude toward breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding Intentions: postpartum 3rd month
Time frame: Postpartum 3rd month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" on the 3rd month postpartum. According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong. As the breastfeeding attitude scale scores increase, it is evaluated that the breastfeeding attitude is positive. The scale has no subgroups.
Breastfeeding attitude: postpartum 3rd month
Time frame: Postpartum 3rd month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale" during the 3rd month postpartum. This instrument yields scores ranging from 0 to 184, with one reverse-scored item. An increase in the score reflects a more positive attitude toward breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding Intentions: postpartum 6th month
Time frame: Postpartum 6th month
The mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed using the "Infant Feeding Intentions Scale" on the 6th month postpartum. According to the score of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale, breastfeeding intention is classified as follows: (0-3.5) very low, (4.0-7.5) low, (8.0-11.5) moderate, (12.0-15.5) strong and (16.0) very strong. As the breastfeeding attitude scale scores increase, it is evaluated that the breastfeeding attitude is positive. The scale has no subgroups.
Breastfeeding attitude: postpartum 6th month
Time frame: Postpartum 6th month
In the 6th month postpartum, mothers in both the experimental and control groups underwent evaluation using the "Breastfeeding Attitude Assessment Scale." This scale generates scores ranging from 0 to 184, with one item scored in reverse. An increase in the total score signifies a more positive attitude toward breastfeeding.
5 secondary outcomes
The starting breastfeeding in the first hour
Time frame: Postpartum 3rd day
Bottle feeding
Time frame: Postpartum 3rd day
Exclusively feeding with mother's milk
Time frame: postpartum 1sth month
Exclusively feeding with mother's milk
Time frame: Postpartum 3rd month
Exclusively feeding with mother's milk
Time frame: Postpartum 6th month
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Feb 2025.
- BackgroundGüneri, S. E., Muslu, G. K., & Güner, Ö. (2019). The Turkish Version of the Infant Feeding Intention Instrument (IFI-T). 41(3): 269-74
- Background: PubMed 36404416Buran G, Ozyazicioglu N, Aydin AI, Atak M. Evaluation of breastfeeding success and self-efficacy in mothers giving birth via vaginal delivery or cesarean section: a cross-sectional study. Women Health. 2022 Oct-Dec;62(9-10):788-798. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2022.2146832. Epub 2022 Nov 20.
- Results publication: PubMed 27118118Hobbs AJ, Mannion CA, McDonald SW, Brockway M, Tough SC. The impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding initiation, duration and difficulties in the first four months postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016 Apr 26;16:90. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0876-1.
- Results publication: PubMed 34425257Li L, Wan W, Zhu C. Breastfeeding after a cesarean section: A literature review. Midwifery. 2021 Dec;103:103117. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103117. Epub 2021 Aug 14.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Gonca Buran principal investigator
Uludag University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Structured breastfeeding education and follow-up in people with Caesarean Section and Nulliparous, run by Aydin Adnan Menderes University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Feb 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Infant feeding Intentions before Intervention (time frame: before Intervention (37th and 42nd weeks of pregnancy)). The study lists 10 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06827600, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Feb 2025.