BreastfeedingNCT06781190
Promoting Mother-baby Bonding Through Sustainable Breastfeeding Practices
A study testing Green motherhood education in people with Breastfeeding and Attachment, run by Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This research aimed to identify sustainable breastfeeding practices and green mothers' initiatives to develop a strong mother-child bond. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Breastfeeding, Attachment
- What is being tested?
- Green motherhood education
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 31 Jan 2025to 18 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Pregnant women 24 weeks gestation
- Must be between 18 and 35 years of age.
- Women must provide informed consent to participate in the study, indicating their willingness to participate in the educational intervention and assessments.
- Attend educational sessions
- Pregnant primiparous
Who cannot join
- Women with significant medical conditions that may affect breastfeeding or nutrition (e.g. serious mental illness, chronic disease) will be excluded.
- Multiple pregnancies
- Previous GREEN MOTHER training
- Substance abuse
- Women considered to be at high risk of non-compliance with the study protocol (e.g. those with unstable living conditions).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Promoting Mother-baby Bonding Through Sustainable Breastfeeding Practices: A Green Mom Approach
This research aimed to identify sustainable breastfeeding practices and green mothers' initiatives to develop a strong mother-child bond.
Read the detailed description
This research aimed to identify sustainable breastfeeding practices and green mothers' initiatives to develop a strong mother-child bond.
The sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1. 9.7 software (Faul et al., 2007), the effect size was determined to be Cohen's d=0.9780770. Statistical power analysis was performed according to A Priori: Calculate required sample size (Means: Difference between two independent means (two groups)), 95% power (1-β) and α=0.05, and given these parameters it was concluded that a sample size of at least 58 participants was required for the study in question. In the event of data loss, a 20% increase in the sample size was expected as a result of statistical advice. Accordingly, it was planned to conduct the study with a total of n=70 people, n=35 in the intervention group and n=35 in the control group.
It was carried out with the participation of two groups. The green mother education group received 4 training sessions of 60 minutes each. The control group received routine hospital care but no other intervention during this period.
Data for the study were collected by the researcher using face-to-face interviews, a personal information form with demographic questions, and the measurement tools used in the study. The training was completed after 4 weeks. After the training, the measurement tools were used for the woman's postpartum period.
The participants were given an explanation of the green motherhood education and told how, for how long, and where the training would take place. The face-to-face green motherhood education programme was completed by the participants in a specific way for each session (nutrition, breastfeeding, environmental awareness and bonding). The training was delivered using a poster.
Green motherhood education was delivered in this way in 4 sessions. The measurement tools were given to the participants again on the 1st day, 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month after birth.
- Conditions
- Breastfeeding, Attachment
- Being tested
- Green motherhood education
- Keywords
- Sustainable Breastfeeding, Postpartum Attachment, Green Mom Initiative
- Medical subject headings
- Breast Feeding
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Green motherhood educationBehavioural
Pregnant women selected for the experimental group will receive 4 weeks of green motherhood training.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Green motherhood education | Experimental | Pregnant women selected for the experimental group will receive 4 weeks of green motherhood training.
The programme, which includes breastfeeding, bonding and carbon footprint training, is delivered 4 times by researchers.
The training content has been prepared by the researchers by scanning the literature. The training will be delivered using posters. Receives: Behavioral: Green motherhood education |
| Standard of care | No intervention | Women in the control group receive routine care at the same hospital's polyclinics. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviors scale
The Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviours scale consists of 32 items and seven sub-dimensions. Quality labels (local and organic), seasonal food and avoiding food waste, animal health, reducing meat consumption, healthy and balanced diet, local food, low fat. Participants are asked to rate each item as 'never', 'very rarely', 'rarely', 'sometimes', 'often', 'very often' or 'always'. Never' is worth 1 point and 'always' is worth 7 points. Factor scores are calculated by taking the average of the scores given to the items in that factor (between 1 and 7 points). Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.912.
The lowest possible score is 32 and the highest is 224. This reflects high sustainability.
Measured: Participants immediately after group assignment, 6 months after the birth
Carbon Footprint Awareness Scale
The scale comprises 19 items measured on a 5-point Likert-type scale, focusing on five key areas: transportation, which includes 3 items; fuel consumption, also with 3 items; electricity use, featuring 5 items; food consumption, containing 5 items; and waste management, which has 3 items. The scale demonstrates a strong factor structure, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.86, indicating high reliability, and it explains 56.09% of the variance in the data. The lowest score is 19 and the highest is 95. High scores indicate sustainability.
Measured: Participants immediately after group assignment, 6 months after the birth
Depression Anxiety and Stress scales-21
This 21-item scale consists of three dimensions, namely anxiety, depression, and stress. Items are measured on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (Never) to 3 (Always). A higher sum score indicates more severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Measured: Participants immediately after group assignment, 1st day after delivery, 3rd month after delivery, 6th month after delivery
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support is a psychometric tool designed by Zimet et al. 18 and adapted to Turkish by Eker et al. 19 to measure individuals' perceived social support from three sources: "family, friends, and a significant other." This scale comprises 12 items, rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The internal consistency coefficients reported for the scale are within the range of 0.80 to 0.85, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.92.
Measured: Participants were assigned to the group immediately after birth, 1 day after birth, 3 months after birth and 6 months after birth.
Scale Breast-feeding Self-efficacy Scale
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale: This is a 33-item scale developed by Dennis (1999). It consists of two sub-dimensions to determine mothers' breastfeeding skills, beliefs and behaviours regarding breastfeeding. The validity and reliability study of the Turkish form of the scale was conducted by Ekşioğlu and Çeber (2011). Breastfeeding self-efficacy was assessed using a five-point Likert scale: (1) I never trust myself, (2) I do not trust myself very much, (3) I trust myself sometimes, (4) I trust myself often, (5) I always trust myself. As the total score on the scale increases, so does breastfeeding self-efficacy. The lowest score is 33 and the highest is 165.
Measured: 1st day after birth, 3rd month after birth, 6th month after birth
Postpartum Attachment Scale
The Postpartum Attachment Scale is a mother-filled assessment tool that utilizes a six-point Likert scale defined as "always," "very often," "often," "sometimes," "rarely," and "never." This scale consists of 25 items, with some items rated inversely, and scores range from 0 to 5. It is organized into four sub-dimensions: "attachment disorder" with 12 items, "rejection and irritability" with 7 items, "tension about care" with 4 items, and "risk of abuse" with 2 items. The overall cut-off point for the scale is set at 26 points, with a score of 27 or above indicating a postpartum attachment problem. In the original study, the total score had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.75, while the subscales showed varying reliability: 0.62 for attachment disorder, 0.53 for rejection and irritability, 0.40 for anxiety in babysitting, and 0.11 for risk of abuse.
Measured: 1st day after birth, 3rd month after birth, 6th month after birth
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Jan 2025
- Study start31 Jan 2025
- Primary completion5 Aug 2025
- Study completion18 Jan 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for BreastfeedingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Saglik Bilimleri UniversitesiThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Leyla Kaya, Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
- Investigators
- Leyla Kaya, PhD, Principal investigator, Saglik Bilimleri UniversitesiEsra Keles, PhD, Study director, Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06781190
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 17.04.2024/43
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 13 Jan 2025
- Last updated
- 21 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Promoting Mother-baby Bonding Through Sustainable Breastfeeding Practices: A Green Mom Approach
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06781190
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 17.04.2024/43
- Conditions
- Breastfeeding, Attachment
- Keywords
- Sustainable Breastfeeding, Postpartum Attachment, Green Mom Initiative
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Saglik Bilimleri UniversitesiUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 31 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 5 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 18 Jan 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Jan 2025 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This research aimed to identify sustainable breastfeeding practices and green mothers' initiatives to develop a strong mother-child bond.
Detailed description
This research aimed to identify sustainable breastfeeding practices and green mothers' initiatives to develop a strong mother-child bond.
The sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1. 9.7 software (Faul et al., 2007), the effect size was determined to be Cohen's d=0.9780770. Statistical power analysis was performed according to A Priori: Calculate required sample size (Means: Difference between two independent means (two groups)), 95% power (1-β) and α=0.05, and given these parameters it was concluded that a sample size of at least 58 participants was required for the study in question. In the event of data loss, a 20% increase in the sample size was expected as a result of statistical advice. Accordingly, it was planned to conduct the study with a total of n=70 people, n=35 in the intervention group and n=35 in the control group.
It was carried out with the participation of two groups. The green mother education group received 4 training sessions of 60 minutes each. The control group received routine hospital care but no other intervention during this period.
Data for the study were collected by the researcher using face-to-face interviews, a personal information form with demographic questions, and the measurement tools used in the study. The training was completed after 4 weeks. After the training, the measurement tools were used for the woman's postpartum period.
The participants were given an explanation of the green motherhood education and told how, for how long, and where the training would take place. The face-to-face green motherhood education programme was completed by the participants in a specific way for each session (nutrition, breastfeeding, environmental awareness and bonding). The training was delivered using a poster.
Green motherhood education was delivered in this way in 4 sessions. The measurement tools were given to the participants again on the 1st day, 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month after birth.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Green motherhood education | Experimental | Behavioral: Green motherhood educationPregnant women selected for the experimental group will receive 4 weeks of green motherhood training. The programme, which includes breastfeeding, bonding and carbon footprint training, is delivered 4 times by researchers. The training content has been prepared by the researchers by scanning the literature. The training will be delivered using posters. |
| Standard of care | No intervention | –Women in the control group receive routine care at the same hospital's polyclinics. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Pregnant women 24 weeks gestation
- Must be between 18 and 35 years of age.
- Women must provide informed consent to participate in the study, indicating their willingness to participate in the educational intervention and assessments.
- Attend educational sessions
- Pregnant primiparous
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Women with significant medical conditions that may affect breastfeeding or nutrition (e.g. serious mental illness, chronic disease) will be excluded.
- Multiple pregnancies
- Previous GREEN MOTHER training
- Substance abuse
- Women considered to be at high risk of non-compliance with the study protocol (e.g. those with unstable living conditions).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Green motherhood educationPregnant women selected for the experimental group will receive 4 weeks of green motherhood training. | Behavioural | Green motherhood education |
Primary outcome
Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviors scale
Time frame: Participants immediately after group assignment, 6 months after the birth
The Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviours scale consists of 32 items and seven sub-dimensions. Quality labels (local and organic), seasonal food and avoiding food waste, animal health, reducing meat consumption, healthy and balanced diet, local food, low fat. Participants are asked to rate each item as 'never', 'very rarely', 'rarely', 'sometimes', 'often', 'very often' or 'always'. Never' is worth 1 point and 'always' is worth 7 points. Factor scores are calculated by taking the average of the scores given to the items in that factor (between 1 and 7 points). Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.912. The lowest possible score is 32 and the highest is 224. This reflects high sustainability.
Carbon Footprint Awareness Scale
Time frame: Participants immediately after group assignment, 6 months after the birth
The scale comprises 19 items measured on a 5-point Likert-type scale, focusing on five key areas: transportation, which includes 3 items; fuel consumption, also with 3 items; electricity use, featuring 5 items; food consumption, containing 5 items; and waste management, which has 3 items. The scale demonstrates a strong factor structure, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.86, indicating high reliability, and it explains 56.09% of the variance in the data. The lowest score is 19 and the highest is 95. High scores indicate sustainability.
Depression Anxiety and Stress scales-21
Time frame: Participants immediately after group assignment, 1st day after delivery, 3rd month after delivery, 6th month after delivery
This 21-item scale consists of three dimensions, namely anxiety, depression, and stress. Items are measured on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (Never) to 3 (Always). A higher sum score indicates more severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support
Time frame: Participants were assigned to the group immediately after birth, 1 day after birth, 3 months after birth and 6 months after birth.
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support is a psychometric tool designed by Zimet et al. 18 and adapted to Turkish by Eker et al. 19 to measure individuals' perceived social support from three sources: "family, friends, and a significant other." This scale comprises 12 items, rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The internal consistency coefficients reported for the scale are within the range of 0.80 to 0.85, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.92.
Scale Breast-feeding Self-efficacy Scale
Time frame: 1st day after birth, 3rd month after birth, 6th month after birth
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale: This is a 33-item scale developed by Dennis (1999). It consists of two sub-dimensions to determine mothers' breastfeeding skills, beliefs and behaviours regarding breastfeeding. The validity and reliability study of the Turkish form of the scale was conducted by Ekşioğlu and Çeber (2011). Breastfeeding self-efficacy was assessed using a five-point Likert scale: (1) I never trust myself, (2) I do not trust myself very much, (3) I trust myself sometimes, (4) I trust myself often, (5) I always trust myself. As the total score on the scale increases, so does breastfeeding self-efficacy. The lowest score is 33 and the highest is 165.
Postpartum Attachment Scale
Time frame: 1st day after birth, 3rd month after birth, 6th month after birth
The Postpartum Attachment Scale is a mother-filled assessment tool that utilizes a six-point Likert scale defined as "always," "very often," "often," "sometimes," "rarely," and "never." This scale consists of 25 items, with some items rated inversely, and scores range from 0 to 5. It is organized into four sub-dimensions: "attachment disorder" with 12 items, "rejection and irritability" with 7 items, "tension about care" with 4 items, and "risk of abuse" with 2 items. The overall cut-off point for the scale is set at 26 points, with a score of 27 or above indicating a postpartum attachment problem. In the original study, the total score had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.75, while the subscales showed varying reliability: 0.62 for attachment disorder, 0.53 for rejection and irritability, 0.40 for anxiety in babysitting, and 0.11 for risk of abuse.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Jan 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Leyla Kaya, PhD principal investigator
Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
Esra Keles, PhD study director
Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Green motherhood education in people with Breastfeeding and Attachment, run by Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviors scale (time frame: Participants immediately after group assignment, 6 months after the birth). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Jan 2026.