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Flexible FlatfootNCT06583434

Effects of Stabilization-based Pilates Exercise on Gait and Balance in Women With Flexible Pesplanus

A study testing core-lower extremity Pilates Training Group and Non-Training Group in people with Flexible Flatfoot, run by Hyun Ju Kim at 1 site in South Korea.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The goal of this clinical trial was to determine if stabilization-based Pilates exercises could improve gait and balance in women with flexible flatfoot. The main questions it aimed to answer were: Did Pilates training improve gait parameters in women with flexible flatfoot? Did Pilates training reduce balance… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Flexible Flatfoot
What is being tested?
core-lower extremity Pilates Training Group and Non-Training Group
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
22 participants
Where
1 siteSouth Korea
Study dates
2 Jan 2024to 30 Mar 2024
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • Women only
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Bilateral navicular drop of ≥10 mm

Who cannot join

  • Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
  • Severe heart conditions (heart failure, myocardial infarction)
  • History of knee, ankle or hip injuries within the last 3 months
  • Chronic lung disease
  • Pregnancy
  • Congenital Foot Deformity ( Polydactyly, Syndactyly)

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

South Korea1 site
  • Busan University of Foreign Studies

    Busan, 46234

Other trials in South Korea

About this study

The goal of this clinical trial was to determine if stabilization-based Pilates exercises could improve gait and balance in women with flexible flatfoot.

The main questions it aimed to answer were:

Did Pilates training improve gait parameters in women with flexible flatfoot? Did Pilates training reduce balance instability in these participants?

Researchers compared the Pilates training group to a non-training group. The results showed significant improvements in gait and balance for those who participated in the Pilates training.

Participants:

Completed twice-weekly Pilates sessions for 8 weeks. Underwent pre- and post-intervention assessments of gait and balance.

Read the detailed description

Study object This randomized controlled trial aims to assess the effects of stabilization-based Pilates exercises on gait and balance in women with flexible flatfoot. The study focuses on determining whether a specific Pilates program can provide non-invasive rehabilitation for improving gait patterns and reducing balance instability.

Participants The study will include 22 healthy women with flexible flatfoot who have no congenital deformities or diseases of the feet, knees and have a navicular drop of ≥10 mm. The participants will be recruited from "Clinical Pilates" studio in Busan city. Women with bilateral flatfoot (n=22) will be randomly allocated to either the Pilates training group (PTG, n=11) or the non-training group (NTG, n=11).

Outcome measure gait assessment and data acquisition: Participants undergo several practice walks to familiarize themselves with the gait assessment. Three records are averaged once they show a normal gait pattern. The assessment uses measurements from both legs and is conducted in a non-distracting environment.

Seven 3D infrared motion capture cameras (Vicon camera MX-T20, Oxford Metrics, Oxford, UK) and 16 circular reflective markers (14-mm diameter) are used to acquire the data for the gait assessment. The reflective markers are attached to the anterior superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, lateral mid-thigh, lateral femoral epicondyle, mid-shin, lateral malleolus, second metatarsus, and heel of both the left and right legs. The height, body weight, and width of knee and ankle joints are measured and entered. Gait analysis includes temporal parameters, such as foot-off, step time, stride time, walking speed, and cadence. Kinematic data are collected using Vicon plug-in gait system (Oxford Metrics) at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz.

balance assessment and data acquisition: The participants are instructed to stand with their arms crossed in front of their chest, with one leg supported and one leg raised with the knee at a 90° angle. Participants hold that standing position for 40 seconds. Three successful attempts are recorded for each participant. Measurements are taken for both legs, and the participants are given sufficient time to rest between each stage of the experiment.

For Center of Pressure (COP) measurement, data from 40 seconds of single leg support on a force platform (AMTI-OR6, Watertown, MA, USA) are utilized. The data are calculated and assessed as time series data. COP sway variability is assessed based on the Root Mean Sqaure (RMS) in Anterior-Posterior (AP) and Medial-Lateral (ML) directions, while AP and ML components of COP velocity and range are also assessed. Kinematic data are collected using the Vicon Plug-in Gait system at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz.

Exercise intervention:

The exercise intervention consists of two sessions each week, for a total of 16 sessions over an 8-week period. Each training session is structured into eight sets, totaling 50 minites. This includes a 5-min warm-up period, followed by 40-min of the main exercise component, and concluding with a 5-min cool-down phase. The Pilates training is supervised by an instructor with 15 years of experience and a professional Pilates certification.

Statistical analysis IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (version 28.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA) is used to conduct descriptive statistical analyses, including means and standard deviations. Statistical significance is set at p<0.05.

Differences in mean values between the groups for each temporal parameter will be assessed using independent samples t-tests. Additionally, due to the small sample size, non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U test) will be conducted. Furthermore, paired samples t-tests will be used for within-group pre-test and post-test comparisons.

Being tested
core-lower extremity Pilates Training Group, Non-Training Group
Keywords
flexible flatfoot, balance, gait, Pilates, pesplanus
Medical subject headings
Flatfoot

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • core-lower extremity Pilates Training GroupBehavioural

    Participants in this group will engage in a stabilization-based Pilates exercise program focusing on core and lower extremity stabilization. The program consists of twice-weekly sessions, each lasting 50 minutes, over a period of 8 weeks. The primary goal of the intervention is to improve gait patterns and balance in women with flexible pes planus

  • Non-Training GroupOther

    Participants in this group will not receive any specific intervention during the study period. They will continue their usual activities without any additional exercises provided by the study.

Study groups in NCT06583434
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Pilates-Training GroupExperimentalParticipants in this group will receive twice-weekly Pilates sessions focusing on core and lower extremity stabilization exercises. Each session will last for 50 minutes and the intervention will continue for 8 weeks. The goal of this intervention is to improve gait patterns and balance in women with flexible flatfoot.
Receives: Behavioral: core-lower extremity Pilates Training Group
Non-Training GroupExperimentalParticipants in this group will not receive any specific intervention during the study period. They will continue their usual activities without any additional exercises provided by the study
Receives: Other: Non-Training Group

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Change in step time

    Step time was measured in seconds using a 3D motion capture system.

    Measured: Baseline and after 8 weeks

  2. Change in stride time

    Stride time was measured in seconds using a 3D motion capture system.

    Measured: Baseline and after 8 weeks

  3. Change in walking speed

    Walking speed was measured in meters per second using a 3D motion capture system.

    Measured: Baseline and after 8 weeks

  4. Change in cadence

    Cadence was measured in steps per minute using a 3D motion capture system.

    Measured: Baseline and after 8 weeks

  5. Change in foot off

    Foot off was measured as a percentage of the gate cycle using a 3D motion capture system.

    Measured: Baseline and after 8 weeks

  6. Change in balance stability

    Balance was assessed using a single-leg stance test, measuring the center of pressure(COP) sway in both anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions.

    Measured: Baseline and after 8 weeks

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted4 Sep 2024
  2. Study start2 Jan 2024
  3. Primary completion8 Mar 2024
  4. Study completion30 Mar 2024

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
22 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06583434
Sponsor's protocol ID
BUFS-FF-2023
Status last verified
Sep 2024
First submitted
29 Aug 2024
Last updated
19 Sep 2024
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: De-identified individual participant data (IPD) will be shared via Figshare. The data will include demographic information, raw data from the assessments, and any other relevant data collected during the study.

Publications

  • Abasiyanik Z, Ertekin O, Kahraman T, Yigit P, Ozakbas S. The effects of Clinical Pilates training on walking, balance, fall risk, respiratory, and cognitive functions in persons with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY). 2020 Jan-Feb;16(1):12-20. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2019.07.010. Epub 2019 Jul 17.

    PubMed 31377306
  • Behm DG, Muehlbauer T, Kibele A, Granacher U. Effects of Strength Training Using Unstable Surfaces on Strength, Power and Balance Performance Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2015 Dec;45(12):1645-69. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0384-x.

    PubMed 26359066
  • Bird ML, Hill KD, Fell JW. A randomized controlled study investigating static and dynamic balance in older adults after training with Pilates. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Jan;93(1):43-9. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.08.005. Epub 2011 Oct 5.

    PubMed 21975148
  • Buldt AK, Levinger P, Murley GS, Menz HB, Nester CJ, Landorf KB. Foot posture is associated with kinematics of the foot during gait: A comparison of normal, planus and cavus feet. Gait Posture. 2015 Jun;42(1):42-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.03.004. Epub 2015 Mar 12.

    PubMed 25819716
  • Bullo V, Bergamin M, Gobbo S, Sieverdes JC, Zaccaria M, Neunhaeuserer D, Ermolao A. The effects of Pilates exercise training on physical fitness and wellbeing in the elderly: A systematic review for future exercise prescription. Prev Med. 2015 Jun;75:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 Mar 12.

    PubMed 25773473
  • Caravaggi P, Pataky T, Gunther M, Savage R, Crompton R. Dynamics of longitudinal arch support in relation to walking speed: contribution of the plantar aponeurosis. J Anat. 2010 Sep;217(3):254-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01261.x. Epub 2010 Jul 14.

    PubMed 20646107
  • Casonatto J, Yamacita CM. Pilates exercise and postural balance in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med. 2020 Jan;48:102232. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102232. Epub 2019 Nov 3.

    PubMed 31987246
  • Cote KP, Brunet ME, Gansneder BM, Shultz SJ. Effects of Pronated and Supinated Foot Postures on Static and Dynamic Postural Stability. J Athl Train. 2005 Mar;40(1):41-46.

    PubMed 15902323
  • Dingenen B, Malfait B, Nijs S, Peers KH, Vereecken S, Verschueren SM, Janssens L, Staes FF. Postural Stability During Single-Leg Stance: A Preliminary Evaluation of Noncontact Lower Extremity Injury Risk. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2016 Aug;46(8):650-7. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2016.6278. Epub 2016 Jul 3.

    PubMed 27374015
  • Dlugosz-Bos M, Filar-Mierzwa K, Stawarz R, Scislowska-Czarnecka A, Jankowicz-Szymanska A, Bac A. Effect of Three Months Pilates Training on Balance and Fall Risk in Older Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 1;18(7):3663. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073663.

    PubMed 33915843
  • Domjanic J, Fieder M, Seidler H, Mitteroecker P. Geometric morphometric footprint analysis of young women. J Foot Ankle Res. 2013 Jul 25;6(1):27. doi: 10.1186/1757-1146-6-27.

    PubMed 23886074
  • Donatoni da Silva L, Shiel A, Sheahan J, McIntosh C. Six weeks of Pilates improved functional mobility, postural balance and spatiotemporal parameters of gait to decrease the risk of falls in healthy older adults. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2022 Jan;29:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.06.014. Epub 2021 Jun 23.

    PubMed 35248255
  • Ekstrom RA, Donatelli RA, Carp KC. Electromyographic analysis of core trunk, hip, and thigh muscles during 9 rehabilitation exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007 Dec;37(12):754-62. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2007.2471. Epub 2007 Aug 29.

    PubMed 18560185
  • Elsayed W, Alotaibi S, Shaheen A, Farouk M, Farrag A. The combined effect of short foot exercises and orthosis in symptomatic flexible flatfoot: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2023 Jun;59(3):396-405. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.23.07846-2. Epub 2023 Mar 29.

    PubMed 36988565
  • Farokhmanesh K, Shirzadian T, Mahboubi M, Shahri MN. Effect of foot hyperpronation on lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis in standing position using 3-dimensional ultrasound-based motion analysis system. Glob J Health Sci. 2014 Jun 17;6(5):254-60. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n5p254.

    PubMed 25169004

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing core-lower extremity Pilates Training Group and Non-Training Group in people with Flexible Flatfoot, run by Hyun Ju Kim at 1 site in South Korea.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Sep 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in South Korea. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change in step time (time frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06583434, which also lists 24 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Sep 2024.

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