Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeNCT06543186
Effectiveness of Metaverse-Based Immersive Technology Intervention for Oral Health Education: A Quasi-Experimental Study
A study testing Oral health education lecture, Oral health education via mHealth on WhatsaApp and Oral health education via Metaverse platform on Meta-OHE in people with Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, run by Universiti Teknologi Mara at 2 sites in Malaysia.
Trial summary
To evaluate the effectiveness of pre- and post-intervention of oral health education using three interventions (conventional methods, mHealth, and the Metaverse platform) on the oral health status, knowledge, practices, and attitudes among secondary school students in Malaysia. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 15 to 16 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- What is being tested?
- Oral health education lecture, Oral health education via mHealth on WhatsaApp and Oral health education via Metaverse platform on Meta-OHE
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 210 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesMalaysia
- Study dates
- 1 Aug 2024to 31 May 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 15 to 16 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- aged 15-16 years old in 2024
- voluntarily wish to participate in the research with consent from their legal guardians
- enrolled in a co-education school (providing education to both boys and girls)
- willing to commit to the program
- can understand both Malay and English
- participating schools must possess the necessary computer facilities to facilitate this aspect of the study
Who cannot join
- aged less or more than 15-16 years old in 2024
- not voluntarily wish to participate in the research with consent from their legal guardians
- not enrolled in a co-education school (providing education to both boys and girls)
- not willing to commit to the program
- can't understand both Malay and English
- participating schools does not possess the necessary computer facilities to facilitate this aspect of the study
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
Malaysia2 sites, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Maktab Rendah Sains MARA Bentong, MRSM Bentong
Bentong, Pahang, 28700
Amirul Faiz Luai, DDS, MSCDPH, PG Cert, 0102662865, amirulfaiz2308@gmail.com
- Active, not recruiting
Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA
Sungai Buloh, Selangor, 47000
About this study
To evaluate the effectiveness of pre- and post-intervention of oral health education using three interventions (conventional methods, mHealth, and the Metaverse platform) on the oral health status, knowledge, practices, and attitudes among secondary school students in Malaysia.
Read the detailed description
Background: In the last couple of years, the reach of the Internet is leading the world into a unique virtual dimension. Immersive technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), extended reality (XR), and metaverse offer diverse virtual experiences and are gaining attention for their supportive role in addressing general health and oral health concerns. Dwivedi et al., in 2022, discussed and set out the potential research agenda in the metaverse in education and health. The metaverse environment offers users an immersive component and experience compared to the traditional environment . According to Locurcio, oral health education and promotion can be provided virtually to target groups and communities through public or private health sector metaverse software for public benefits. Due to no additional cost or limitation in the number of participants, it can educate multiple target groups by providing different sessions from anywhere in the world. These can benefit schoolchildren, teachers, and caregivers. Due to the immersive and interactive nature, the creation of safe and controlled environments and adaptation to the learners' characteristics, immersive technologies and metaverse specifically can facilitate and increase the inclusion of students in educational activities. Hence, the metaverse in oral health promotion and education can revolutionise how people learn, practise, and maintain good oral health. It can also make oral health information more accessible, engaging, and practical, ultimately leading to a positive behavioural change in oral health. Currently, virtual oral health education is often delivered through online platforms like social media, Zoom, Google Meet, and Microsoft Teams. In the future, individually customised oral health education will likely utilise more natural-feeling and immersive platforms, such as the metaverse. The development of metaverse platforms is intricate and context-specific and necessitates input from various relevant stakeholders. Few studies on creating health promotion applications have demonstrated that youth have distinct preferences for digital interventions compared to adults.
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of pre- and post-intervention of oral health education using three interventions (conventional methods, mHealth, and the Metaverse platform) on the oral health status, knowledge, practices, and attitudes among secondary school students in Malaysia.
Participants: Secondary school students from identified semi-government school in Malaysia.
Study risk: Participation to this study will not possess any potential risk, and the risk is minimal. Partcipants are free to decline to answer any of the questions that they feel uncomfortable with.
Benefits of the study: There may or may not be any benefits to the participants.
The study involves 15-16 years old adolescents enrolling in a semi-government school in Malaysia which will be divided into three groups that receive three interventions simultaneously at the same time and place (conventional methods, mHealth, and the Metaverse platform)
Duration of the study: Expected to be within six (months) from 1/05/2024 - 31/12/2024
Funding: This research received no external funding.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Ethical Policy and Review Board Statement: The study was approved by the UiTM Faculty of Dentistry Research Ethics Committee (FRC) [REC/07/2023 (PG/MR/228)]. Permission was granted from the Majlis Amanah Rakyat to use Maktab Rendah Sains MARA (MRSM) schools as study sites [MARA.600-6/1/6 JLD2 (56)].
- Conditions
- Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- Being tested
- Oral health education lecture, Oral health education via mHealth on WhatsaApp, Oral health education via Metaverse platform on Meta-OHE
- Keywords
- metaverse, immersive technology, virtual reality
- Medical subject headings
- Behavior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Oral health education lectureOther
Conventional oral health education will be given by trained and calibrated dentists.
Oral health education via mHealth on WhatsaAppOther
For the oral health education intervention via mHealth, WhatsApp medium will be used to disseminate oral health educational material
Oral health education via Metaverse platform on Meta-OHEOther
For oral health education intervention via Meta-OHE, it will be done via computer.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional oral health education | Experimental | For the conventional oral health education, the trained and calibrated dentist will provide health education to the selected participants in this group by chalk and talk method, PowerPoint presentations, models and charts so that it can make the sessions more interactive. The duration of the session will be around 60-90 minutes. Pre-assessment will be taken prior to the lecture. Post assessment will be taken after the lecture to assess the oral health knowledge, practise and attitude. Receives: Other: Oral health education lecture |
| Oral health education via mHealth using WhatsApp | Experimental | For the oral health education intervention via mHealth, WhatsApp medium will be used to disseminate oral health educational material. Before the commencement of the study, the participants will be asked for their phone number in the respondent sheet and permission will be sought from both participants and their teachers and parents/guardians. Then, a WhatsApp group will be created consisting of the selected participants for this intervention. The participants in WhatsApp group will further receive WhatsApp instant messages. These participants will grouped and placed in class. These messages will be sent in both Malay and English language. The duration of the session will be around 60-90 minutes. Pre-assessment will be taken prior to the dissemination of oral health education on WhatsApp. Post assessment will be taken afterwards to assess the oral health knowledge, practise and attitude. Receives: Other: Oral health education via mHealth on WhatsaApp |
| Metaverse platform called Metaverse for Oral Health Education (Meta-OHE) | Experimental | For oral health education intervention via Meta-OHE, it will be done via computer in a computer lab. The participants will be gathered in their school's computer lab with the health of the teacher. Participants will be assigned a computer to each of them. Then, they will be asked to sign in into Mitoworld platform using their respective email address on https://mitoworld.io/world/w/2808/meta-ohe to access Meta-OHE. They will be asked to enter the Meta-OHE portal. The students are permitted to freely explore and follow the instruction to visit each section of the Meta OHE and interact with each other. They will also be assigned a few tasks for them to complete on the platform to ensure all the oral health education materials are being covered. The duration of the session will be around 60-90 minutes. Pre-assessment will be taken prior to their access to Meta-OHE. Post assessment will be taken afterwards to assess the oral health knowledge, practise and attitude. Receives: Other: Oral health education via Metaverse platform on Meta-OHE |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Oral health knowledge
Level of oral health knowledge. Descriptive, association and correlation
Measured: Pre-intervention (baseline) and immediately after the intervention
Oral health practise
Level of oral health practise. Descriptive, association and correlation
Measured: Pre-intervention (baseline) and immediately after the intervention
Oral health attitude
Level of oral health attitude. Descriptive, association and correlation
Measured: Pre-intervention (baseline) and immediately after the intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Aug 2024
- Study start1 Aug 2024 (estimated)
- Primary completion31 Dec 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion31 May 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 210 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universiti Teknologi Mara
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Amirul Faiz bin Luai, Universiti Teknologi Mara
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06543186
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/07/2023 (PG/MR/228)
- Status last verified
- Aug 2024
- First submitted
- 26 Jul 2024
- Last updated
- 7 Aug 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: All the information obtained in this study ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL will be kept and handled in a confidential manner, in accordance with applicable laws and/or regulations. When publishing or presenting the study results, the participants' identity will not be revealed without your expressed consent. Individuals involved in this study, qualified monitors and auditors, and governmental or regulatory authorities may inspect the study data, where appropriate and necessary. All the data will be kept in a password protected folder that only can be access by the researcher. To obtain such information, a formal email need to be sent to the researcher at amirulfaiz2308@gmail.com (personal email) or 2022622294@student.uitm.edu.my (university email). Stored in non-publicly available repository, Available on request, Published as a supplement to the results publication
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Aug 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of Metaverse-Based Immersive Technology Intervention for Oral Health Education: A Quasi-Experimental Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06543186
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/07/2023 (PG/MR/228)
- Conditions
- Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- Keywords
- metaverse, immersive technology, virtual reality
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 210 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Universiti Teknologi MaraUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Aug 2024 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 May 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 7 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To evaluate the effectiveness of pre- and post-intervention of oral health education using three interventions (conventional methods, mHealth, and the Metaverse platform) on the oral health status, knowledge, practices, and attitudes among secondary school students in Malaysia.
Detailed description
Background: In the last couple of years, the reach of the Internet is leading the world into a unique virtual dimension. Immersive technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), extended reality (XR), and metaverse offer diverse virtual experiences and are gaining attention for their supportive role in addressing general health and oral health concerns. Dwivedi et al., in 2022, discussed and set out the potential research agenda in the metaverse in education and health. The metaverse environment offers users an immersive component and experience compared to the traditional environment . According to Locurcio, oral health education and promotion can be provided virtually to target groups and communities through public or private health sector metaverse software for public benefits. Due to no additional cost or limitation in the number of participants, it can educate multiple target groups by providing different sessions from anywhere in the world. These can benefit schoolchildren, teachers, and caregivers. Due to the immersive and interactive nature, the creation of safe and controlled environments and adaptation to the learners' characteristics, immersive technologies and metaverse specifically can facilitate and increase the inclusion of students in educational activities. Hence, the metaverse in oral health promotion and education can revolutionise how people learn, practise, and maintain good oral health. It can also make oral health information more accessible, engaging, and practical, ultimately leading to a positive behavioural change in oral health. Currently, virtual oral health education is often delivered through online platforms like social media, Zoom, Google Meet, and Microsoft Teams. In the future, individually customised oral health education will likely utilise more natural-feeling and immersive platforms, such as the metaverse. The development of metaverse platforms is intricate and context-specific and necessitates input from various relevant stakeholders. Few studies on creating health promotion applications have demonstrated that youth have distinct preferences for digital interventions compared to adults.
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of pre- and post-intervention of oral health education using three interventions (conventional methods, mHealth, and the Metaverse platform) on the oral health status, knowledge, practices, and attitudes among secondary school students in Malaysia.
Participants: Secondary school students from identified semi-government school in Malaysia.
Study risk: Participation to this study will not possess any potential risk, and the risk is minimal. Partcipants are free to decline to answer any of the questions that they feel uncomfortable with.
Benefits of the study: There may or may not be any benefits to the participants.
The study involves 15-16 years old adolescents enrolling in a semi-government school in Malaysia which will be divided into three groups that receive three interventions simultaneously at the same time and place (conventional methods, mHealth, and the Metaverse platform)
Duration of the study: Expected to be within six (months) from 1/05/2024 - 31/12/2024
Funding: This research received no external funding.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Ethical Policy and Review Board Statement: The study was approved by the UiTM Faculty of Dentistry Research Ethics Committee (FRC) [REC/07/2023 (PG/MR/228)]. Permission was granted from the Majlis Amanah Rakyat to use Maktab Rendah Sains MARA (MRSM) schools as study sites [MARA.600-6/1/6 JLD2 (56)].
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional oral health education | Experimental | Other: Oral health education lectureFor the conventional oral health education, the trained and calibrated dentist will provide health education to the selected participants in this group by chalk and talk method, PowerPoint presentations, models and charts so that it can make the sessions more interactive. The duration of the session will be around 60-90 minutes. Pre-assessment will be taken prior to the lecture. Post assessment will be taken after the lecture to assess the oral health knowledge, practise and attitude. |
| Oral health education via mHealth using WhatsApp | Experimental | Other: Oral health education via mHealth on WhatsaAppFor the oral health education intervention via mHealth, WhatsApp medium will be used to disseminate oral health educational material. Before the commencement of the study, the participants will be asked for their phone number in the respondent sheet and permission will be sought from both participants and their teachers and parents/guardians. Then, a WhatsApp group will be created consisting of the selected participants for this intervention. The participants in WhatsApp group will further receive WhatsApp instant messages. These participants will grouped and placed in class. These messages will be sent in both Malay and English language. The duration of the session will be around 60-90 minutes. Pre-assessment will be taken prior to the dissemination of oral health education on WhatsApp. Post assessment will be taken afterwards to assess the oral health knowledge, practise and attitude. |
| Metaverse platform called Metaverse for Oral Health Education (Meta-OHE) | Experimental | Other: Oral health education via Metaverse platform on Meta-OHEFor oral health education intervention via Meta-OHE, it will be done via computer in a computer lab. The participants will be gathered in their school's computer lab with the health of the teacher. Participants will be assigned a computer to each of them. Then, they will be asked to sign in into Mitoworld platform using their respective email address on https://mitoworld.io/world/w/2808/meta-ohe to access Meta-OHE. They will be asked to enter the Meta-OHE portal. The students are permitted to freely explore and follow the instruction to visit each section of the Meta OHE and interact with each other. They will also be assigned a few tasks for them to complete on the platform to ensure all the oral health education materials are being covered. The duration of the session will be around 60-90 minutes. Pre-assessment will be taken prior to their access to Meta-OHE. Post assessment will be taken afterwards to assess the oral health knowledge, practise and attitude. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 15 to 16 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- aged 15-16 years old in 2024
- voluntarily wish to participate in the research with consent from their legal guardians
- enrolled in a co-education school (providing education to both boys and girls)
- willing to commit to the program
- can understand both Malay and English
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- aged less or more than 15-16 years old in 2024
- not voluntarily wish to participate in the research with consent from their legal guardians
- not enrolled in a co-education school (providing education to both boys and girls)
- not willing to commit to the program
- can't understand both Malay and English
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Oral health education lectureConventional oral health education will be given by trained and calibrated dentists. | Other | Conventional oral health education |
| Oral health education via mHealth on WhatsaAppFor the oral health education intervention via mHealth, WhatsApp medium will be used to disseminate oral health educational material | Other | Oral health education via mHealth using WhatsApp |
| Oral health education via Metaverse platform on Meta-OHEFor oral health education intervention via Meta-OHE, it will be done via computer. | Other | Metaverse platform called Metaverse for Oral Health Education (Meta-OHE) |
Primary outcome
Oral health knowledge
Time frame: Pre-intervention (baseline) and immediately after the intervention
Level of oral health knowledge. Descriptive, association and correlation
Oral health practise
Time frame: Pre-intervention (baseline) and immediately after the intervention
Level of oral health practise. Descriptive, association and correlation
Oral health attitude
Time frame: Pre-intervention (baseline) and immediately after the intervention
Level of oral health attitude. Descriptive, association and correlation
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Aug 2024.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. All the information obtained in this study ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL will be kept and handled in a confidential manner, in accordance with applicable laws and/or regulations. When publishing or presenting the study results, the participants' identity will not be revealed without your expressed consent. Individuals involved in this study, qualified monitors and auditors, and governmental or regulatory authorities may inspect the study data, where appropriate and necessary. All the data will be kept in a password protected folder that only can be access by the researcher. To obtain such information, a formal email need to be sent to the researcher at amirulfaiz2308@gmail.com (personal email) or 2022622294@student.uitm.edu.my (university email). Stored in non-publicly available repository, Available on request, Published as a supplement to the results publication
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Oral health education lecture, Oral health education via mHealth on WhatsaApp and Oral health education via Metaverse platform on Meta-OHE in people with Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, run by Universiti Teknologi Mara at 2 sites in Malaysia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Aug 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Malaysia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Each site lists its own contact: choose the nearest one under Trial locations. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Oral health knowledge (time frame: Pre-intervention (baseline) and immediately after the intervention). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Aug 2024.