HealthyNCT06528652
Evaluation of Injury Profile, Core Stability and Balance in Female Hip-Hop Dancers
An observational study of Healthy, run by Ege University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The objectives of the study are to evaluate core stability and static and dynamic balance performance in adult female hip-hop dancers and compare these scores with those of healthy non-dancer females; to obtain the injury history of dancers in the last year; to follow the occurrence of new injuries for three months… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy
- How many people
- 65 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 19 Sep 2024to 17 May 2025
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The hip-hop dancer group will consist of adult, healthy female dancers registered to dance schools in İzmir. The control group will consist of adult, healthy, non-dancer female participants. Participants will be recruited for the study through an invitation to volunteer.
Who may be able to join
- For the hip-hop group:
- Being 18 years of age or older
- Being healthy and without any initial musculoskeletal injuries
- Competing in the adult category in the hip-hop dance discipline
- For the control group:
- Meeting the first two criteria mentioned above
- Not being a dancer
Who cannot join
- History of spinal or abdominal surgery
- Pregnancy
- Use of medications that may affect balance
- Visual and balance impairment (for any reason)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine
Bornova, İzmir, 35100
About this study
The objectives of the study are to evaluate core stability and static and dynamic balance performance in adult female hip-hop dancers and compare these scores with those of healthy non-dancer females; to obtain the injury history of dancers in the last year; to follow the occurrence of new injuries for three months; and to examine the relationship between these physical performance scores and injuries.
At baseline, the hip-hop group and the non-dancer group will undergo physical performance tests.
At baseline, the hip-hop group will complete a survey asking about injury history in the past year, then complete an online survey each week for three months for injury surveillance.
Read the detailed description
In dance, which is a physically demanding activity, repeated movements pose a risk of injury. Most studies investigating dance-related injuries have been conducted in the ballet discipline. The focus of this study is the hip-hop dance discipline, which has increased in popularity and has been the subject of a limited number of studies. While chronic injuries are more common in dancers, the lower extremities and low back area are most affected. Since poor core stability is noted as a risk factor for injuries in these areas, especially in females, adult female hip-hop dancers will be included in this study. Considering that balance predicts lower extremity injuries in other sports and that dancers' balance is improved with core stabilization training, balance will be evaluated in this study alongside injury surveillance and assessment of core stability. Using the survey method, the dancers' injury history within the last year will be obtained at baseline, and the injury occurrence will be followed for three months. Core stability will be assessed using McGill core endurance tests. Balance will be evaluated statically and dynamically using the unipedal stance test and the modified star excursion balance test, respectively. The relationship between core stability, balance, and injury occurrence will be examined, and furthermore, these core stability and balance results of female hip-hop dancers will be compared with the results of healthy, non-dancer females. The hip-hop dancer group will consist of hip-hop dancers registered to dance schools in İzmir. The sample size representing this group was calculated at 29. As a result of the study, the injury profile in the hip-hop dance discipline will be revealed, and it will be noticed which body parts the dancers most frequently experience problems with. It is assumed that dancers' core stability and balance results will be better than the control group, and dancers with better results will report fewer total musculoskeletal injuries at the end of a three-month follow-up. Identifying this relationship will help to make recommendations and interventions for injury prevention strategies for hip-hop dancers.
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Keywords
- Hip-Hop Dance, Athletic Injuries, Core Stability, Postural Balance
- Medical subject headings
- Athletic Injuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Hip-Hop (Cohort) | The hip-hop dancer group will be assigned to core stability and balance performance tests as well as injury surveillance for three months. | |
| Non-dancer (Control) | This control group will be assigned to core stability and balance performance tests only for comparison with the hip-hop dancer group and will not be subject to any injury monitoring. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Total Number of All Physical Complaints
The term "injury" refers to anatomic tissue-level impairment as diagnosed by a physician that results in full-time loss from activity for one or more days beyond the day of onset. "Activity" in this definition means participation in a class, rehearsal, or performance. For those events that do not rise to the level of a reportable injury event within the surveillance system, the term "musculoskeletal complaint" should apply. However, since it was anticipated that dancers would rarely seek medical attention or continue dancing despite the problems they experienced, these two terms (injury and musculoskeletal complaints) were grouped under the title "all physical complaints."
Measured: Upon completion of the three-month injury surveillance
Core Endurance Performance
The maximum amount of time spent maintaining the correct position in each of the flexor, extensor, and bilateral side bridge tests. The time will be recorded in seconds.
Measured: At baseline
Balance Performance
For the assessment of static balance, the maximum amount of time and mean time spent maintaining the correct position in the unipedal stance test (performed both with eyes open and with eyes closed for both legs). The time will be recorded in seconds. Each trial will last a maximum of 45 seconds.
For the assessment of dynamic balance, the maximum reach distance and normalized reach distance (reach divided by leg length × 100) for three directions (anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial) in the modified star excursion balance test (for both legs). Reach distance and leg length will be measured in centimeters. A composite score is derived by averaging normalized reach distances across the three directions.
Measured: At baseline
Secondary outcomes (2)
Injury Occurrence Rate
Each participation in a class, rehearsal, or performance in which the dancer was exposed to the possibility of a dance injury constitutes one exposure. Exposure is used in the calculation of the injury rate (how often per opportunity). The number of exposures (total counts) will be recorded. The injury rate will be calculated as the total number of all physical complaints divided by the number of exposures × 1000 (e.g., 2.3 injuries per 1000 dance exposures).
For the comparison of other studies that used dance hours in the calculation of the injury rate, total dance time will also be recorded in hours. The injury rate will also be calculated as the total number of all physical complaints divided by total dance hours × 1000 (e.g., 3.2 injuries per 1000 dance hours).
Measured: Upon completion of the three-month injury surveillance
Anatomical Distribution of Injuries
The distribution of injuries (all physical complaints) obtained by using the marking method on the human body diagram will be expressed as a percentage of total injuries (all physical complaints) according to the body site (e.g., 30% knee, 20% low back, etc.).
Measured: Upon completion of the three-month injury surveillance
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Jul 2024
- Study start19 Sep 2024
- Primary completion17 May 2025
- Study completion17 May 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (25)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Ege UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 65 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ege University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Onur Yüksel ÖÇAL, Ege University
- Investigators
- Onur Y ÖÇAL, Resident, Principal investigator, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports MedicineCengizhan ÖZGÜRBÜZ, Professor, Study chair, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06528652
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 24-5.1T/12
- Status last verified
- Aug 2025
- First submitted
- 17 Jul 2024
- Last updated
- 8 Aug 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ambegaonkar JP, Hansen-Honeycutt J, Wiese KR, Cavanagh CM, Caswell SV, Ambegaonkar SJ, Martin J. Female Collegiate Dancers' Physical Fitness across Their Four-Year Programs: A Prospective Analysis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2023 Jul 17;8(3):98. doi: 10.3390/jfmk8030098.
PubMed 37489311Ursej E, Zaletel P. Injury Occurrence in Modern and Hip-Hop Dancers: A Systematic Literature Review. Zdr Varst. 2020 Jun 25;59(3):195-201. doi: 10.2478/sjph-2020-0025. eCollection 2020 Sep.
PubMed 32952721Jubb C, Bell L, Cimelli S, Wolman R. Injury Patterns in Hip Hop Dancers. J Dance Med Sci. 2019 Dec 15;23(4):145-149. doi: 10.12678/1089-313X.23.4.145.
PubMed 31775952Ursej E, Sekulic D, Prus D, Gabrilo G, Zaletel P. Investigating the Prevalence and Predictors of Injury Occurrence in Competitive Hip Hop Dancers: Prospective Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 3;16(17):3214. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16173214.
PubMed 31484349Ojofeitimi S, Bronner S, Woo H. Injury incidence in hip hop dance. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012 Jun;22(3):347-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01173.x. Epub 2010 Aug 30.
PubMed 20807386Tjukov O, Engeroff T, Vogt L, Banzer W, Niederer D. Injury Profile of Hip-Hop Dancers. J Dance Med Sci. 2020 Jun 15;24(2):66-72. doi: 10.12678/1089-313X.24.2.66.
PubMed 32456761Dang Y, Chen R, Koutedakis Y, Wyon MA. The Efficacy of Physical Fitness Training on Dance Injury: A Systematic Review. Int J Sports Med. 2023 Feb;44(2):108-116. doi: 10.1055/a-1930-5376. Epub 2022 Aug 24.
PubMed 36002027Rickman AM, Ambegaonkar JP, Cortes N. Core stability: implications for dance injuries. Med Probl Perform Art. 2012 Sep;27(3):159-64.
PubMed 22983134Huxel Bliven KC, Anderson BE. Core stability training for injury prevention. Sports Health. 2013 Nov;5(6):514-22. doi: 10.1177/1941738113481200.
PubMed 24427426Russell JA. Preventing dance injuries: current perspectives. Open Access J Sports Med. 2013 Sep 30;4:199-210. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S36529.
PubMed 24379726Chatfield SJ, Krasnow DH, Herman A, Blessing G. A Descriptive Analysis of Kinematic and Electromyographic Relationships of the Core during Forward Stepping in Beginning and Expert Dancers. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science. 2007;11(3):76-84. doi:10.1177/1089313X0701100303
Watson T, Graning J, McPherson S, Carter E, Edwards J, Melcher I, Burgess T. DANCE, BALANCE AND CORE MUSCLE PERFORMANCE MEASURES ARE IMPROVED FOLLOWING A 9-WEEK CORE STABILIZATION TRAINING PROGRAM AMONG COMPETITIVE COLLEGIATE Dancers. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Feb;12(1):25-41.
PubMed 28217414Li L, Waldhelm A. Endurance tests are the most reliable core stability related measurements. J Sport Health Sci. 2012; 1:121-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2012.07.007.
McGill SM, Childs A, Liebenson C. Endurance times for low back stabilization exercises: clinical targets for testing and training from a normal database. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999 Aug;80(8):941-4. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90087-4.
PubMed 10453772del Pozo-Cruz B, Mocholi MH, del Pozo-Cruz J, Parraca JA, Adsuar JC, Gusi N. Reliability and validity of lumbar and abdominal trunk muscle endurance tests in office workers with nonspecific subacute low back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2014;27(4):399-408. doi: 10.3233/BMR-140460.
PubMed 24561788
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Aug 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of Injury Profile, Core Stability and Balance in Female Hip-Hop Dancers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06528652
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 24-5.1T/12
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Keywords
- Hip-Hop Dance, Athletic Injuries, Core Stability, Postural Balance
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 65 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ege UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 19 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 17 May 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 17 May 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The objectives of the study are to evaluate core stability and static and dynamic balance performance in adult female hip-hop dancers and compare these scores with those of healthy non-dancer females; to obtain the injury history of dancers in the last year; to follow the occurrence of new injuries for three months; and to examine the relationship between these physical performance scores and injuries.
At baseline, the hip-hop group and the non-dancer group will undergo physical performance tests.
At baseline, the hip-hop group will complete a survey asking about injury history in the past year, then complete an online survey each week for three months for injury surveillance.
Detailed description
In dance, which is a physically demanding activity, repeated movements pose a risk of injury. Most studies investigating dance-related injuries have been conducted in the ballet discipline. The focus of this study is the hip-hop dance discipline, which has increased in popularity and has been the subject of a limited number of studies. While chronic injuries are more common in dancers, the lower extremities and low back area are most affected. Since poor core stability is noted as a risk factor for injuries in these areas, especially in females, adult female hip-hop dancers will be included in this study. Considering that balance predicts lower extremity injuries in other sports and that dancers' balance is improved with core stabilization training, balance will be evaluated in this study alongside injury surveillance and assessment of core stability. Using the survey method, the dancers' injury history within the last year will be obtained at baseline, and the injury occurrence will be followed for three months. Core stability will be assessed using McGill core endurance tests. Balance will be evaluated statically and dynamically using the unipedal stance test and the modified star excursion balance test, respectively. The relationship between core stability, balance, and injury occurrence will be examined, and furthermore, these core stability and balance results of female hip-hop dancers will be compared with the results of healthy, non-dancer females. The hip-hop dancer group will consist of hip-hop dancers registered to dance schools in İzmir. The sample size representing this group was calculated at 29. As a result of the study, the injury profile in the hip-hop dance discipline will be revealed, and it will be noticed which body parts the dancers most frequently experience problems with. It is assumed that dancers' core stability and balance results will be better than the control group, and dancers with better results will report fewer total musculoskeletal injuries at the end of a three-month follow-up. Identifying this relationship will help to make recommendations and interventions for injury prevention strategies for hip-hop dancers.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Hip-Hop (Cohort) | – | –The hip-hop dancer group will be assigned to core stability and balance performance tests as well as injury surveillance for three months. |
| Non-dancer (Control) | – | –This control group will be assigned to core stability and balance performance tests only for comparison with the hip-hop dancer group and will not be subject to any injury monitoring. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The hip-hop dancer group will consist of adult, healthy female dancers registered to dance schools in İzmir. The control group will consist of adult, healthy, non-dancer female participants. Participants will be recruited for the study through an invitation to volunteer.
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Being 18 years of age or older
- Being healthy and without any initial musculoskeletal injuries
- Competing in the adult category in the hip-hop dance discipline
- Meeting the first two criteria mentioned above
- Not being a dancer
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- History of spinal or abdominal surgery
- Pregnancy
- Use of medications that may affect balance
- Visual and balance impairment (for any reason)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Total Number of All Physical Complaints
Time frame: Upon completion of the three-month injury surveillance
The term "injury" refers to anatomic tissue-level impairment as diagnosed by a physician that results in full-time loss from activity for one or more days beyond the day of onset. "Activity" in this definition means participation in a class, rehearsal, or performance. For those events that do not rise to the level of a reportable injury event within the surveillance system, the term "musculoskeletal complaint" should apply. However, since it was anticipated that dancers would rarely seek medical attention or continue dancing despite the problems they experienced, these two terms (injury and musculoskeletal complaints) were grouped under the title "all physical complaints."
Core Endurance Performance
Time frame: At baseline
The maximum amount of time spent maintaining the correct position in each of the flexor, extensor, and bilateral side bridge tests. The time will be recorded in seconds.
Balance Performance
Time frame: At baseline
For the assessment of static balance, the maximum amount of time and mean time spent maintaining the correct position in the unipedal stance test (performed both with eyes open and with eyes closed for both legs). The time will be recorded in seconds. Each trial will last a maximum of 45 seconds. For the assessment of dynamic balance, the maximum reach distance and normalized reach distance (reach divided by leg length × 100) for three directions (anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial) in the modified star excursion balance test (for both legs). Reach distance and leg length will be measured in centimeters. A composite score is derived by averaging normalized reach distances across the three directions.
2 secondary outcomes
Injury Occurrence Rate
Time frame: Upon completion of the three-month injury surveillance
Anatomical Distribution of Injuries
Time frame: Upon completion of the three-month injury surveillance
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Aug 2025.
- Background: PubMed 37489311Ambegaonkar JP, Hansen-Honeycutt J, Wiese KR, Cavanagh CM, Caswell SV, Ambegaonkar SJ, Martin J. Female Collegiate Dancers' Physical Fitness across Their Four-Year Programs: A Prospective Analysis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2023 Jul 17;8(3):98. doi: 10.3390/jfmk8030098.
- Background: PubMed 32952721Ursej E, Zaletel P. Injury Occurrence in Modern and Hip-Hop Dancers: A Systematic Literature Review. Zdr Varst. 2020 Jun 25;59(3):195-201. doi: 10.2478/sjph-2020-0025. eCollection 2020 Sep.
- Background: PubMed 31775952Jubb C, Bell L, Cimelli S, Wolman R. Injury Patterns in Hip Hop Dancers. J Dance Med Sci. 2019 Dec 15;23(4):145-149. doi: 10.12678/1089-313X.23.4.145.
- Background: PubMed 31484349Ursej E, Sekulic D, Prus D, Gabrilo G, Zaletel P. Investigating the Prevalence and Predictors of Injury Occurrence in Competitive Hip Hop Dancers: Prospective Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 3;16(17):3214. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16173214.
- Background: PubMed 20807386Ojofeitimi S, Bronner S, Woo H. Injury incidence in hip hop dance. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012 Jun;22(3):347-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01173.x. Epub 2010 Aug 30.
- Background: PubMed 32456761Tjukov O, Engeroff T, Vogt L, Banzer W, Niederer D. Injury Profile of Hip-Hop Dancers. J Dance Med Sci. 2020 Jun 15;24(2):66-72. doi: 10.12678/1089-313X.24.2.66.
- Background: PubMed 36002027Dang Y, Chen R, Koutedakis Y, Wyon MA. The Efficacy of Physical Fitness Training on Dance Injury: A Systematic Review. Int J Sports Med. 2023 Feb;44(2):108-116. doi: 10.1055/a-1930-5376. Epub 2022 Aug 24.
- Background: PubMed 22983134Rickman AM, Ambegaonkar JP, Cortes N. Core stability: implications for dance injuries. Med Probl Perform Art. 2012 Sep;27(3):159-64.
- Background: PubMed 24427426Huxel Bliven KC, Anderson BE. Core stability training for injury prevention. Sports Health. 2013 Nov;5(6):514-22. doi: 10.1177/1941738113481200.
- Background: PubMed 24379726Russell JA. Preventing dance injuries: current perspectives. Open Access J Sports Med. 2013 Sep 30;4:199-210. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S36529.
- BackgroundChatfield SJ, Krasnow DH, Herman A, Blessing G. A Descriptive Analysis of Kinematic and Electromyographic Relationships of the Core during Forward Stepping in Beginning and Expert Dancers. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science. 2007;11(3):76-84. doi:10.1177/1089313X0701100303
- Background: PubMed 28217414Watson T, Graning J, McPherson S, Carter E, Edwards J, Melcher I, Burgess T. DANCE, BALANCE AND CORE MUSCLE PERFORMANCE MEASURES ARE IMPROVED FOLLOWING A 9-WEEK CORE STABILIZATION TRAINING PROGRAM AMONG COMPETITIVE COLLEGIATE Dancers. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Feb;12(1):25-41.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Onur Y ÖÇAL, Resident principal investigator
Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine
Cengizhan ÖZGÜRBÜZ, Professor study chair
Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Healthy, run by Ege University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Total Number of All Physical Complaints (time frame: Upon completion of the three-month injury surveillance). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06528652, which also lists 25 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Aug 2025.