Stigma, SocialNCT06509113
A Pilot Study of an Online HIV Stigma Training for Nursing Students in Iran
A study testing The online HIV-related stigma training and The online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma in people with Stigma, Social and HIV Infections, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in Iran.
Trial summary
In this study, the investigators will assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of online HIV stigma training in reducing stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors of nursing students in simulated clinical visits of patients living with HIV compared to an online HIV epidemiology training with no… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Stigma, Social, HIV Infections
- What is being tested?
- The online HIV-related stigma training and The online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 0 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIran
- Study dates
- 15 Sep 2024to Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Currently nursing students in their year 3 or 4 of training
- Kerman Medical University (KMU) nursing schools
Who cannot join
- Nursing student in their year 1 and 2
- Students of other fields and other universities
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Iran1 site
Skill labs at the nursing school of Kerman Medical University
Kerman, 76198-13159
About this study
Official title: Reducing Stigmatizing Attitudes and Behaviors of Nursing Students in Simulated Clinical Visits of Patients Living With HIV in Iran
In this study, the investigators will assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of online HIV stigma training in reducing stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors of nursing students in simulated clinical visits of patients living with HIV compared to an online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma.
Read the detailed description
Iran has the highest burden of HIV in the Middle East. However, only 42% of Iranians living with HIV are diagnosed and 28% on antiretroviral therapy. The largest gap in the continuum of HIV care is diagnosis. Due to sociocultural and religious beliefs, HIV- associated stigma and drug use stigma are exceedingly high, and sex outside of marriage, or sex of man with another man are considered to be "sinful" behaviors. These intersectional stigmas (stigma towards drug use, sexism, and homophobia) in addition to HIV stigma are major barriers for many people at risk for or living with HIV to engage in HIV testing or treatment. Our prior studies found that health providers have limited clinical encounters with people living with HIV (PLWH) and have no HIV stigma training. This lack of training can lead to stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors towards people at risk for HIV or PLWH. The highest HIV stigmatizing behaviors was reported in nurses and physician assistants. These data, coupled with the extreme marginalization of key populations at high risk for HIV in Iran, call for the development of new ways to train nurses to reduce HIV-related stigma in clinical settings. The investigators propose to develop, and field test an HIV stigma online training including simulated patients living with HIV for nursing school students. In a randomized controlled trial, the investigators will assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the online HIV stigma training in reducing stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors of nursing students in simulated clinical visits of patients living with HIV compared to an online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma. Successful development of the HIV stigma training and simulated patients at risk for or living with HIV will set the stage for developing a larger trial of nurses and other health providers which can lead to an effective and scalable training program to reduce HIV-related stigma in clinical settings and improve engagement in HIV testing and care services. The investigators from the University of California San Francisco (UCSF), will lead and co-investigate the project, respectively. They will collaborate with teams from Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KMU), Iran, and Ponce Health Sciences University (PHSU) in the USA.
- Conditions
- Stigma, Social, HIV Infections
- Being tested
- The online HIV-related stigma training, The online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma
- Keywords
- Stigma, HIV, Training, Iran, Student, Nursing
- Medical subject headings
- Social Stigma, HIV Infections
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
The online HIV-related stigma trainingBehavioural
The intervention is an online HIV-related stigma training that takes 6 hours in 4 weeks to be completed.
The online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigmaBehavioural
Nursing students will be trained in an online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma. It will take 6 hours in 4 weeks to complete the training.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Other | Nursing students will be assigned to the intervention group and will receive online HIV-related stigma training. Receives: Behavioral: The online HIV-related stigma training |
| Control | Other | Nursing students will be assigned to the online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma. Receives: Behavioral: The online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Stigma score
All nursing students will complete a validated stigma scale before and after the training interventions.
Measured: Up to 4 weeks before and after intervention
Behavioral manifestations of HIV stigma
Before and after the training interventions, all nursing students will meet with a randomly selected simulated patient for an HIV visit. These visits will be video recorded and will be coded and scored for stigmatizing behaviors.
Measured: Up to 4 weeks before and after intervention
Empathy score
All nursing students will complete a validated empathy scale before and after the training interventions.
Measured: Up to 4 weeks before and after intervention
Secondary outcomes (1)
The attitudes and behaviors of nursing students after the online HIV stigma training
We will qualitatively examine study participants' real-world behaviors with HIV and at-risk patients to (1) explore if behaviors learned during the intervention carry on in real-world settings, (2) better understand how behaviors are manifested in natural settings, and (3) explore best methods to assess behaviors in real-world scenarios
Measured: Three months after the intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Jul 2024
- Study start15 Sep 2024 (estimated)
- Primary completion15 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2025 (estimated)
Why it stopped: UCSF could not find a way to pay our partner institute (subcontractor) in Iran due to sanctions, and so decided to stop the study.
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (21)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Stigma, SocialStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of California, San FranciscoThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The investigators will develop a 4-module online HIV stigma reduction training with simulated patients for nursing students in the intervention arm. This training includes three case scenarios: a male who injects drugs, a male who has sex with men, and a female sex worker, all with HIV. Interviews with people living with HIV (PLWH) and focus groups with nursing students and faculty will refine the content. The control group will receive a course on HIV epidemiology without stigma-specific content. To assess efficacy, 70 nursing students will initially have a clinical encounter with a simulated patient on a non-HIV topic. A week later, they will have an HIV visit and complete stigma and empathy scales. Participants will then be randomized into two groups: one receiving stigma training and the other, HIV epidemiology training. Afterward, they will have another HIV-related clinical encounter and complete the scales again.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, San Francisco
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Ponce Health Sciences University, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Fogarty International Center of the National Institute of Health
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Ali Mirzazadeh, PhD, Principal investigator, University of California, San Francisco
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06509113
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 23-38482
- Other IDs
- R01TW012408
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 2 Jul 2024
- Last updated
- 8 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Gokengin D, Doroudi F, Tohme J, Collins B, Madani N. HIV/AIDS: trends in the Middle East and North Africa region. Int J Infect Dis. 2016 Mar;44:66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.11.008.
PubMed 26948920UNAIDS. Country factsheets Iran 2020. Retrived from https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/islamicrepublicofiran. 2020.
Farhoudi B, Ghalekhani N, Afsar Kazerooni P, Namdari Tabar H, Tayeri K, Gouya MM, SeyedAlinaghi S, Haghdoost AA, Mirzazadeh A, Sharifi H. Cascade of care in people living with HIV in Iran in 2019; how far to reach UNAIDS/WHO targets. AIDS Care. 2022 May;34(5):590-596. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1944603. Epub 2021 Jun 28.
PubMed 34180724Karamouzian M, Akbari M, Haghdoost AA, Setayesh H, Zolala F. "I am dead to them": HIV-related stigma experienced by people living with HIV in Kerman, Iran. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2015 Jan-Feb;26(1):46-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2014.04.005. Epub 2014 May 2.
PubMed 24856436Rahmati-Najarkolaei F, Niknami S, Aminshokravi F, Bazargan M, Ahmadi F, Hadjizadeh E, Tavafian SS. Experiences of stigma in healthcare settings among adults living with HIV in the Islamic Republic of Iran. J Int AIDS Soc. 2010 Jul 22;13:27. doi: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-27.
PubMed 20649967Malekmohammadi N, Mirzazadeh A, Iranpour A, Shafiei Bafti M, Zolala F, McFarland W, et al. HIV Stigma among People Living with HIV in Southeast Iran. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences 2021; 28(5):427-436.
Etesam F, Assarian F, Hosseini H, Ghoreishi FS. Stigma and its determinants among male drug dependents receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Arch Iran Med. 2014 Feb;17(2):108-14.
PubMed 24527971Tavakoli F, Karamouzian M, Rafiei-Rad AA, Iranpour A, Farrokhnia M, Noroozi M, Sharifi A, Marshall BDL, Shokoohi M, Sharifi H. HIV-Related Stigma Among Healthcare Providers in Different Healthcare Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kerman, Iran. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2020 Apr 1;9(4):163-169. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.92.
PubMed 32331496Asadi-Aliabadi M, Abolghasemi J, Rimaz S, Majdzadeh R, Rostami-Maskopaee F, Merghati-Khoei E. Barriers to Health Service Utilization Among Iranian Female Sex Workers: A Qualitative Study. J Prev Med Public Health. 2018 Mar;51(2):64-70. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.17.174.
PubMed 29631351Walker D, Cohen S, Fritz J, Olvera M, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Cowan JG, Hernandez DG, Dettinger JC, Fahey JO. Team training in obstetric and neonatal emergencies using highly realistic simulation in Mexico: impact on process indicators. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014 Nov 20;14:367. doi: 10.1186/s12884-014-0367-1.
PubMed 25409895Walker DM, Cohen SR, Fritz J, Olvera-Garcia M, Zelek ST, Fahey JO, Romero-Martinez M, Montoya-Rodriguez A, Lamadrid-Figueroa H. Impact Evaluation of PRONTO Mexico: A Simulation-Based Program in Obstetric and Neonatal Emergencies and Team Training. Simul Healthc. 2016 Feb;11(1):1-9. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0000000000000106.
PubMed 26312613Walton A, Kestler E, Dettinger JC, Zelek S, Holme F, Walker D. Impact of a low-technology simulation-based obstetric and newborn care training scheme on non-emergency delivery practices in Guatemala. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016 Mar;132(3):359-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.08.009. Epub 2015 Dec 11.
PubMed 26797198Mugo C, Wilson K, Wagner AD, Inwani IW, Means K, Bukusi D, Slyker J, John-Stewart G, Richardson BA, Nduati M, Moraa H, Wamalwa D, Kohler P. Pilot evaluation of a standardized patient actor training intervention to improve HIV care for adolescents and young adults in Kenya. AIDS Care. 2019 Oct;31(10):1250-1254. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1587361. Epub 2019 Feb 27.
PubMed 30810351Varas-Diaz N, Neilands TB, Cintron-Bou F, Marzan-Rodriguez M, Santos-Figueroa A, Santiago-Negron S, Marques D, Rodriguez-Madera S. Testing the efficacy of an HIV stigma reduction intervention with medical students in Puerto Rico: the SPACES project. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013 Nov 13;16(3 Suppl 2):18670. doi: 10.7448/IAS.16.3.18670.
PubMed 24242260Varas-Diaz N, Rivera M, Rivera-Segarra E, Neilands TB, Ortiz N, Pedrogo Y, Mendoza S, Rivera Amador A, Martinez Garcia S, Rivera Suazo S, Albizu-Garcia CE. Beyond negative attitudes: Examining HIV/AIDS stigma behaviors in clinical encounters. AIDS Care. 2017 Nov;29(11):1437-1441. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1322679. Epub 2017 May 3.
PubMed 28464694
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Reducing Stigmatizing Attitudes and Behaviors of Nursing Students in Simulated Clinical Visits of Patients Living With HIV in Iran
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06509113
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 23-38482
- Conditions
- Stigma, Social, HIV Infections
- Keywords
- Stigma, HIV, Training, Iran, Student, Nursing
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- WithdrawnReason stopped: UCSF could not find a way to pay our partner institute (subcontractor) in Iran due to sanctions, and so decided to stop the study.
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, San FranciscoUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Ponce Health Sciences University, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Fogarty International Center of the National Institute of Health
- Study start
- 15 Sep 2024 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 15 Sep 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 19 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In this study, the investigators will assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of online HIV stigma training in reducing stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors of nursing students in simulated clinical visits of patients living with HIV compared to an online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma.
Detailed description
Iran has the highest burden of HIV in the Middle East. However, only 42% of Iranians living with HIV are diagnosed and 28% on antiretroviral therapy. The largest gap in the continuum of HIV care is diagnosis. Due to sociocultural and religious beliefs, HIV- associated stigma and drug use stigma are exceedingly high, and sex outside of marriage, or sex of man with another man are considered to be "sinful" behaviors. These intersectional stigmas (stigma towards drug use, sexism, and homophobia) in addition to HIV stigma are major barriers for many people at risk for or living with HIV to engage in HIV testing or treatment. Our prior studies found that health providers have limited clinical encounters with people living with HIV (PLWH) and have no HIV stigma training. This lack of training can lead to stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors towards people at risk for HIV or PLWH. The highest HIV stigmatizing behaviors was reported in nurses and physician assistants. These data, coupled with the extreme marginalization of key populations at high risk for HIV in Iran, call for the development of new ways to train nurses to reduce HIV-related stigma in clinical settings. The investigators propose to develop, and field test an HIV stigma online training including simulated patients living with HIV for nursing school students. In a randomized controlled trial, the investigators will assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the online HIV stigma training in reducing stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors of nursing students in simulated clinical visits of patients living with HIV compared to an online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma. Successful development of the HIV stigma training and simulated patients at risk for or living with HIV will set the stage for developing a larger trial of nurses and other health providers which can lead to an effective and scalable training program to reduce HIV-related stigma in clinical settings and improve engagement in HIV testing and care services. The investigators from the University of California San Francisco (UCSF), will lead and co-investigate the project, respectively. They will collaborate with teams from Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KMU), Iran, and Ponce Health Sciences University (PHSU) in the USA.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The investigators will develop a 4-module online HIV stigma reduction training with simulated patients for nursing students in the intervention arm. This training includes three case scenarios: a male who injects drugs, a male who has sex with men, and a female sex worker, all with HIV. Interviews with people living with HIV (PLWH) and focus groups with nursing students and faculty will refine the content. The control group will receive a course on HIV epidemiology without stigma-specific content. To assess efficacy, 70 nursing students will initially have a clinical encounter with a simulated patient on a non-HIV topic. A week later, they will have an HIV visit and complete stigma and empathy scales. Participants will then be randomized into two groups: one receiving stigma training and the other, HIV epidemiology training. Afterward, they will have another HIV-related clinical encounter and complete the scales again.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Other | Behavioral: The online HIV-related stigma trainingNursing students will be assigned to the intervention group and will receive online HIV-related stigma training. |
| Control | Other | Behavioral: The online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigmaNursing students will be assigned to the online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Currently nursing students in their year 3 or 4 of training
- Kerman Medical University (KMU) nursing schools
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Nursing student in their year 1 and 2
- Students of other fields and other universities
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| The online HIV-related stigma trainingThe intervention is an online HIV-related stigma training that takes 6 hours in 4 weeks to be completed. | Behavioural | Intervention |
| The online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigmaNursing students will be trained in an online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma. It will take 6 hours in 4 weeks to complete the training. | Behavioural | Control |
Primary outcome
Stigma score
Time frame: Up to 4 weeks before and after intervention
All nursing students will complete a validated stigma scale before and after the training interventions.
Behavioral manifestations of HIV stigma
Time frame: Up to 4 weeks before and after intervention
Before and after the training interventions, all nursing students will meet with a randomly selected simulated patient for an HIV visit. These visits will be video recorded and will be coded and scored for stigmatizing behaviors.
Empathy score
Time frame: Up to 4 weeks before and after intervention
All nursing students will complete a validated empathy scale before and after the training interventions.
1 secondary outcome
The attitudes and behaviors of nursing students after the online HIV stigma training
Time frame: Three months after the intervention
Results and safety
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Sep 2026.
- Background: PubMed 26948920Gokengin D, Doroudi F, Tohme J, Collins B, Madani N. HIV/AIDS: trends in the Middle East and North Africa region. Int J Infect Dis. 2016 Mar;44:66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.11.008.
- BackgroundUNAIDS. Country factsheets Iran 2020. Retrived from https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/islamicrepublicofiran. 2020.
- Background: PubMed 34180724Farhoudi B, Ghalekhani N, Afsar Kazerooni P, Namdari Tabar H, Tayeri K, Gouya MM, SeyedAlinaghi S, Haghdoost AA, Mirzazadeh A, Sharifi H. Cascade of care in people living with HIV in Iran in 2019; how far to reach UNAIDS/WHO targets. AIDS Care. 2022 May;34(5):590-596. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1944603. Epub 2021 Jun 28.
- Background: PubMed 24856436Karamouzian M, Akbari M, Haghdoost AA, Setayesh H, Zolala F. "I am dead to them": HIV-related stigma experienced by people living with HIV in Kerman, Iran. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2015 Jan-Feb;26(1):46-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2014.04.005. Epub 2014 May 2.
- Background: PubMed 20649967Rahmati-Najarkolaei F, Niknami S, Aminshokravi F, Bazargan M, Ahmadi F, Hadjizadeh E, Tavafian SS. Experiences of stigma in healthcare settings among adults living with HIV in the Islamic Republic of Iran. J Int AIDS Soc. 2010 Jul 22;13:27. doi: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-27.
- BackgroundMalekmohammadi N, Mirzazadeh A, Iranpour A, Shafiei Bafti M, Zolala F, McFarland W, et al. HIV Stigma among People Living with HIV in Southeast Iran. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences 2021; 28(5):427-436.
- Background: PubMed 24527971Etesam F, Assarian F, Hosseini H, Ghoreishi FS. Stigma and its determinants among male drug dependents receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Arch Iran Med. 2014 Feb;17(2):108-14.
- Background: PubMed 32331496Tavakoli F, Karamouzian M, Rafiei-Rad AA, Iranpour A, Farrokhnia M, Noroozi M, Sharifi A, Marshall BDL, Shokoohi M, Sharifi H. HIV-Related Stigma Among Healthcare Providers in Different Healthcare Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kerman, Iran. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2020 Apr 1;9(4):163-169. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.92.
- Background: PubMed 29631351Asadi-Aliabadi M, Abolghasemi J, Rimaz S, Majdzadeh R, Rostami-Maskopaee F, Merghati-Khoei E. Barriers to Health Service Utilization Among Iranian Female Sex Workers: A Qualitative Study. J Prev Med Public Health. 2018 Mar;51(2):64-70. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.17.174.
- Background: PubMed 25409895Walker D, Cohen S, Fritz J, Olvera M, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Cowan JG, Hernandez DG, Dettinger JC, Fahey JO. Team training in obstetric and neonatal emergencies using highly realistic simulation in Mexico: impact on process indicators. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014 Nov 20;14:367. doi: 10.1186/s12884-014-0367-1.
- Background: PubMed 26312613Walker DM, Cohen SR, Fritz J, Olvera-Garcia M, Zelek ST, Fahey JO, Romero-Martinez M, Montoya-Rodriguez A, Lamadrid-Figueroa H. Impact Evaluation of PRONTO Mexico: A Simulation-Based Program in Obstetric and Neonatal Emergencies and Team Training. Simul Healthc. 2016 Feb;11(1):1-9. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0000000000000106.
- Background: PubMed 26797198Walton A, Kestler E, Dettinger JC, Zelek S, Holme F, Walker D. Impact of a low-technology simulation-based obstetric and newborn care training scheme on non-emergency delivery practices in Guatemala. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016 Mar;132(3):359-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.08.009. Epub 2015 Dec 11.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ali Mirzazadeh, PhD principal investigator
University of California, San Francisco
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing The online HIV-related stigma training and The online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma in people with Stigma, Social and HIV Infections, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in Iran.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: withdrawn, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Iran. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Stigma score (time frame: Up to 4 weeks before and after intervention). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06509113, which also lists 21 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Sep 2026.