AzTrials
AzTrials

Hematoma BrainRAINBOW-LBHNCT06484374

A Multicenter, RAndomlzed, coNtrolled, umBrella Trial fOr Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery With Al-assisted Robotic guidanCe for Hemorrhagic Stroke: Large Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage

A study testing Robot-Assisted Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery and Traditional Surgical Approaches in people with Hematoma Brain and Large Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage, run by The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School at 1 site in China.

Recruiting

Looking for participants now. Contact the study team or a site below to ask about taking part.

Sites and contacts
Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

This substudy is a prospective, multicenter, parallel-controlled, randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate whether robot-assisted endoscopic evacuation of large basal ganglia hematomas can improve patient outcomes compared with traditional surgical approaches such as small craniotomy or large-bone-flap… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
What is being tested?
Robot-Assisted Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery and Traditional Surgical Approaches
Type of treatment
Surgery or procedure
Could I receive a placebo?
Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people
198 participants
Where
1 siteChina
Study dates
20 Dec 2025to 31 Dec 2027
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Age ≥18 years at randomization;
  • Diagnosed with hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage via imaging (CT, CTA, etc.);
  • Hematoma volume ≥30 mL prior to randomization;
  • Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≥ 5;
  • Available for surgery within 72 hours after onset;
  • Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤ 1 prior to this hemorrhage;
  • Informed consent obtained in accordance with national laws, regulations, and applicable ethics committee requirements.

Who cannot join

  • Hematoma involving the thalamus (volume >5 mL or diameter >2 cm), midbrain, or ventricles (Graeb score ≥3), or other locations;
  • Radiologically confirmed cerebral vascular abnormalities including ruptured aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), or Moyamoya disease; hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic infarcts; or recent (within 1 year) recurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage;
  • Signs of impending herniation such as midline shift exceeding 1 cm or ipsilateral pupillary changes;
  • Any irreversible coagulation disorder or known coagulopathy; platelet count <100,000; INR >1.4; or use of anticoagulant medication within 7 days before the current hemorrhage;
  • Current or probable pregnancy;
  • Patients with concurrent severe illness likely to influence outcome assessment;
  • Difficulty in follow-up or poor compliance due to any cause.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

Chun-Hua Hang, PhD contact

025-83106666

hang_neurosurgery@163.com

China1 site, 1 recruiting
  • The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School

    Nanjing

    Chunhua Hang, 025-83106666, hang_neurosurgery@163.com

    Recruiting

Other trials in China

About this study

This substudy is a prospective, multicenter, parallel-controlled, randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate whether robot-assisted endoscopic evacuation of large basal ganglia hematomas can improve patient outcomes compared with traditional surgical approaches such as small craniotomy or large-bone-flap intracranial hematoma evacuation.

Read the detailed description

This substudy adopts an open-label design, while outcome assessment is performed in a blinded manner. The primary outcome is the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 6 months. Outcomes at 30 days, 90 days, and 6 months will also be assessed. Follow-up will be conducted at baseline; 24 hours after surgery/ 30 hours after randomization; 48 hours; Day 3; Day 14 or at discharge; Day 30; Day 90; and Month 6. During follow-up, data will be collected on mortality, survival, ambulation status, living situation, modified Rankin Scale, EQ-5D-5L, Fatigue Severity Scale, AD8, Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Glasgow Coma Scale, laboratory tests, and neuroimaging findings.

Being tested
Robot-Assisted Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Traditional Surgical Approaches
Keywords
Large Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage, Al-assisted robotic guidance, multicenter, Randomlzed, controlled, umbrella trial

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Robot-Assisted Endoscopic Minimally Invasive SurgeryProcedure or surgery

    Neurosurgeons participating in the robot-assisted endoscopic procedure must be qualified doctors who have completed standardized training and certification by the coordinating center. They must be capable of performing endoscopic hematoma evacuation and managing common intraoperative complications. Each certified surgeon is required to regularly review the surgical protocol and the technical components of the procedure.

    Surgical trajectory: The incision and burr-hole location are determined using an AI-integrated neuroimaging automatic surgical trajectory planning system. The planning principles include, but are not limited to: avoiding critical functional areas such as language and motor cortices; avoiding vascular-dense regions; and selecting the individualized optimal trajectory based on the three-dimensional morphology and spatial orientation of the hematoma.

    Plan review by supporting units: All preoperative imaging data and trajectory plans are automatically stored and uploaded b

  • Traditional Surgical ApproachesProcedure or surgery

    A small craniotomy or large bone flap craniotomy is performed to microscopically evacuate the basal ganglia hematoma, followed by electrocoagulation for hemostasis. Depending on preoperative brain herniation or intraoperative brain swelling, the surgeon may decide whether to remove the bone flap.

Study groups in NCT06484374
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Robot-Assisted Endoscopic Minimally Invasive SurgeryExperimentalNeurosurgeons participating in the robot-assisted endoscopic procedure must be qualified doctors who have completed standardized training and certification by the coordinating center. They must be capable of performing endoscopic hematoma evacuation and managing common intraoperative complications. Each certified surgeon is required to regularly review the surgical protocol and the technical components of the procedure. Surgical trajectory: The incision and burr-hole location are determined using an AI-integrated neuroimaging automatic surgical trajectory planning system. The planning principles include, but are not limited to: avoiding critical functional areas such as language and motor cortices; avoiding vascular-dense regions; and selecting the individualized optimal trajectory based on the three-dimensional morphology and spatial orientation of the hematoma. Plan review by supporting units: All preoperative imaging data and trajectory plans are automatically stored and uploaded
Receives: Procedure: Robot-Assisted Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery
Traditional Surgical ApproachesSham comparatorA small craniotomy or large bone flap craniotomy is performed to microscopically evacuate the basal ganglia hematoma, followed by electrocoagulation for hemostasis. Depending on preoperative brain herniation or intraoperative brain swelling, the surgeon may decide whether to remove the bone flap.
Receives: Procedure: Traditional Surgical Approaches

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 6 months

    The primary analysis will compare differences between the two groups based on utility-weighted mRS.

    Measured: up to 6 months

Secondary outcomes (11)
  1. Ordinal shift in mRS scores at 6 months (ordinal shift)

    The difference in the distribution of scores on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS, range 0-6) between the treatment and control groups was assessed at 6 months after onset (or treatment) using a shift analysis.

    Measured: up to 6 months

  2. Favorable functional outcome at 6 months (mRS 0-1)

    The proportion of patients achieving an excellent functional outcome (defined as mRS score of 0 or 1) at 6 months.

    Measured: up to 6 months

  3. Functional independence at 6 months (mRS 0-2)

    The proportion of patients achieving functional independence (defined as mRS score of 0, 1, 2) at 6 months.

    Measured: up to 6 months

  4. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 6 months, assessed by the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire

    Assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire at 6 months post-onset/post-surgery. The instrument comprises five dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) with five levels of severity, plus a Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS)

    Measured: up to 6 months

  5. Total length of hospital stay

    Total length of hospital stay is defined as the number of days from admission to discharge from the neurosurgical unit.

    Measured: up to 6 months

  6. Cognitive function at 6 months

    Cognitive status will be evaluated at the 6-month follow-up visit using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).

    Measured: up to 6 months

  7. Hematoma clearance rate at 48 hours postoperatively

    Hematoma volumes were quantified using semi-automated planimetric analysis (e.g., 3D Slicer software) on standard non-contrast CT scans obtained at baseline and 48 hours after surgery. This method was chosen to ensure accuracy over the ellipsoid (ABC/2) method, particularly for irregular post-operative hematoma shapes

    Measured: up to 6 months

  8. Costs during hospitalization

    Direct medical costs incurred during the inpatient period were extracted from the hospital information system. Costs were categorized into four domains: (1) surgical and anesthesia fees (including disposables); (2) ward and ICU nursing fees; (3) medication costs; and (4) diagnostic imaging and laboratory fees

    Measured: up to 6 months

  9. Intraoperative blood loss

    Blood loss was estimated using the standard formula: $Total Loss = (Volume_{suction} - Volume_{irrigation}) + (Weight_{wet\ gauze} - Weight_{dry\ gauze}).

    Measured: up to 6 months

  10. Incidence of rebleeding within 14 days

    Rebleeding was defined as a radiographic expansion of the hematoma volume by > 33% or an absolute increase of > 5 mL on follow-up CT scans compared with the post-operative baseline CT.

    Measured: up to 6 months

  11. Incidence of related complications within 14 days, including pulmonary infection, aphasia, seizures, and deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs

    Incidence of perioperative complications within 14 days. Specific Complications: Pulmonary Infection: Defined according to CDC criteria, requiring radiographic evidence of new infiltrates combined with clinical signs (fever, purulent sputum). Aphasia: Defined as new-onset language deficits or worsening of existing aphasia (NIHSS language subscore increase ≥ 1). Seizures: Documented clinical epileptic events confirmed by neurological examination or EEG. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography screening performed between postoperative days 7 and 14.

    Measured: up to 6 months

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted3 Jul 2024
  2. Study start20 Dec 2025
  3. Primary completion30 Jun 2027 (estimated)
  4. Study completion31 Dec 2027 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
The intervention group will undergo robot-assisted endoscopic hematoma evacuation, while the control group will receive traditional surgical approaches (such as small craniotomy or large-bone-flap intracranial hematoma evacuation).
Masking
Double blind
Who is masked
Participant, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
198 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06484374
Sponsor's protocol ID
SQ2023AAA030147
Acronym
RAINBOW-LBH
Status last verified
Jun 2025
First submitted
26 Jun 2024
Last updated
17 Feb 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Robot-Assisted Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery and Traditional Surgical Approaches in people with Hematoma Brain and Large Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage, run by The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School at 1 site in China.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact Chun-Hua Hang, PhD (025-83106666, hang_neurosurgery@163.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 6 months (time frame: up to 6 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Feb 2026.

Free account

Log in to keep searching

You’ve used your 3 free searches. AzTrials is free: log in or create a free account to keep searching clinical trials and save the ones you want to follow.

Create a free accountLog in