GlioblastomaFET-POPPINGNCT06480721
FET-PET-Guided Management of Pseudoprogression in Glioblastoma
A study testing Clinical management based on the index MRI and an additional [¹⁸F] FET PET scan in people with Glioblastoma and Radionecrosis of Brain, run by Veerle Ruijters at 8 sites in Netherlands.
Trial summary
The goal of this diagnostic randomised clinical trial is to determine, in glioblastoma patients with diagnostic uncertainty between pseudoprogression and tumor progression on follow-up MRI after chemoradiation, the added value of a direct [¹⁸F] FET-PET scan for clinical management. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Glioblastoma, Radionecrosis of Brain
- What is being tested?
- Clinical management based on the index MRI and an additional [¹⁸F] FET PET scan
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 144 participants
- Where
- 8 sitesNetherlands
- Study dates
- Aug 2024to Dec 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients with a glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4, according to WHO 2021 criteria.
- Age ≥18 years
- New or increased enhancement within the high-dose radiation field (defined as within the 80% isodose line) on follow-up MRI
- Follow up MRI ≥3 months after the end of the standard-of-care temozolomide-based concomitant chemoradiation (60 Gy/30 fractions or 40 Gy/15 fractions). Of note, very early increase - within 3 months of last radiation - will not be grounds for inclusion because of the high rate of pseudoprogression and slightly lower diagnostic performance of FET-PET compared to the situation of increase beyond 3 months after last radiation. Patients with such very early increase may have subsequent further increase after 3 months post-radiation, causing (further) diagnostic doubt; these may be included at that later timepoint if they meet the other inclusion criteria.
- First moment of clinicoradiological uncertainty regarding the diagnosis (≥3 months after the end of chemoradiation): pseudoprogression or tumor recurrence. The determination of 'uncertainty' is made by the treating physician, preferably in the multidisciplinary tumor board, based on available clinical and standard-of-care MRI-data, which generally includes perfusion-MRI.
- Previous usage of bevacizumab as a symptom treatment is allowed. However, inclusion is only allowed at the first moment of clinical doubt between pseudoprogression and tumor recurrence, not at later timepoints.
Who cannot join
- Previous treatment for recurrence of disease
- An enhanced lesion size of less than 1 cm on the index MRI. In the newest RANO PET criteria, it is advised to use FET-PET for increasing lesions only in cases with a minimum lesion size.
- Life expectancy of less than 6 months, determined by the treating physician
- Contra-indications for PET (claustrophobia, inability to lay still)
- Women of childbearing potential without adequate contraception
- Any other concomitant disease that may influence PET imaging or clinical outcomes of this study, this includes but is not limited to: cerebral inflammatory diseases and other cancers with brain- or leptomeningeal metastases
Trial locations and contacts
8 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
8 sites in 1 country
Netherlands8 sites
Amsterdam UMC
Amsterdam
Elsmarieke M van de Giessen, MD, PhD, E.m.vandegiessen@amsterdamumc.nl
Elsmarieke M van de Giessen, MD, PhD
Medisch Spectrum Twente
Enschede
UMC Groningen
Groningen
Maastricht UMC
Maastricht
Radboud UMC
Nijmegen
Dylan JH Henssen, MD, PhD, Dylan.Henssen@radboudumc.nl
Dylan JH Henssen, MD, PhD
Erasmus MC
Rotterdam
Sophie EM Veldhuijzen van Zanten, MD, PhD, s.veldhuijzenvanzanten@erasmusmc.nl
Sophie EM Veldhuijzen van Zanten, MD, PhD
Haaglanden MC
The Hague
Maaike J Vos, MD, PhD, M.vos@haaglandenmc.nl
Maaike J Vos, MD, PhD
UMC Utrecht
Utrecht, 3508 GA
Veerle J Ruijters, MD, 0031639656920, v.j.ruijters-6@umcutrecht.nl
N Tolboom, MD, PhD, 003162878078, n.tolboom@umcutrecht.nl
About this study
The goal of this diagnostic randomised clinical trial is to determine, in glioblastoma patients with diagnostic uncertainty between pseudoprogression and tumor progression on follow-up MRI after chemoradiation, the added value of a direct [¹⁸F] FET-PET scan for clinical management.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Read more
- Does the clinical management guided by an additional FET-PET scan leads to fewer unnecessary interventions, compared with management based on MRI only?
- Does the clinical management guided by an additional FET-PET scan leads to better health-related quality of life after 12 weeks, compared with management based on MRI only?
- Does the clinical management guided by an additional FET-PET scan leads to reduced net healthcare costs, compared with management based on MRI only?
Researchers will compare the investigational arm, where clinical management is based on the index MRI scan and an additional FET-PET scan, with the control arm, where clinical management is based solely on the index MRI scan, to investigate the added value of the FET PET scan for clinical management.
Participants in the investigational arm will undergo the FET PET scan. All participants will complete health-related quality of life questionnaires at four different timepoints.
Read the detailed description
During follow-up of glioblastoma patients after chemoradiation, expert teams often observe MRI abnormalities with difficulty in distinguishing between tumor growth and pseudoprogression. Although techniques such as perfusion MRI provide additional information, diagnostic uncertainty often remains, leading to incorrect or delayed diagnosis and, inappropriate treatment, such as unnecessary surgery. Despite the good discriminating power of [¹⁸F] Fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine-PET (FET-PET), this diagnostic tool is not used frequently in the Netherlands due to costs, logistics, and misconceptions about clinical benefit. In the FET POPPING study we aim to determine the added value of [¹⁸F] FET-PET for clinical management. A multicenter diagnostic randomised clinical trial will be performed, from July 2024 until December 2027. 144 adult patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma will be included, who, after the concomitant phase of chemoradiation, have increased contrast enhancement on MRI, causing doubt between tumor growth or pseudoprogression. Included patients will be randomised 1:1 in two arms. The investigational arm receives an additional [¹⁸F] FET-PET scan, and clinical management is based on the index MRI and [¹⁸F] FET-PET together. Clinical management of the control arm is based on the index MRI alone. Exact clinical management, following from the available imaging, is chosen at the discretion of a multidisciplinary board. The primary study endpoints are (a) the percentage of patients undergoing unnecessary interventions and (b) health-related quality of life after 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints include time-to-diagnosis, overall survival and cost-effectiveness. We hypothesize that the clinical management guided by an additional [¹⁸F] FET-PET scan leads to fewer unnecessary interventions, better health-related quality of life after 12 weeks and among others reduced net healthcare costs, compared with management based on MRI only.
- Conditions
- Glioblastoma, Radionecrosis of Brain
- Being tested
- Clinical management based on the index MRI and an additional [¹⁸F] FET PET scan
- Keywords
- Glioblastoma, [¹⁸F] FET PET, Tumor progression, Pseudoprogression, Unnecessary interventions, Health-related quality of life, Healthcare costs
- Medical subject headings
- Glioblastoma, Disease Progression
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Clinical management based on the index MRI and an additional [¹⁸F] FET PET scanOther
Patients in the investigational arm will undergo the extra FET-PET scan, with use of the O-(2-
¹⁸F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (¹⁸F-FET) tracer. FET-PET scanning will be performed according to the joint European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)/European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO)/Response Assessment in Neuro-oncology (RANO) guidelines. In most patients, a static scan (20-40 minutes post-injection) will performed. If the logistics of the research site allow for a dynamic scan (0-60 minutes post-injection), this will be performed. Interpretation will be done by an experienced nuclear medicine physician from the local center according to current European guidelines. Central review will be performed by a panel of nuclear medicine physicians from the study team. Clinical management is based on the index MRI and this additional [¹⁸F] FET PET scan.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical management is based on the index MRI and an additional [¹⁸F] FET-PET together | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: Clinical management based on the index MRI and an additional [¹⁸F] FET PET scan |
| Standard of care | No intervention | Not described |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Composite score of proportion (0-100%) of patients undergoing unnecessary interventions.
Determination of 'unnecessary interventions' will be done retrospectively, by the researchers and the treating physician.
An 'unnecessary intervention' is defined as:
- Biopsy or debulking for diagnostic uncertainty and/or with pseudoprogression as the final pathological diagnosis
- The administration of one or more cycles of (temozolomide) chemotherapy as continued treatment for presumed pseudoprogression, in cases with a final diagnosis of tumor progression
- The administration of one or more doses of bevacizumab for presumed pseudoprogression, in cases with a final diagnosis of tumor progression
Measured: at six months
Health-related quality of life: general
This will be reported by the questionnaire EQ5D. The EQ5D is a generic utility questionnaire which allows for comparison of quality of life between indications, and is considered the golden standard by the Dutch National Heath Care Institute. Both the total score of the questionnaire is used as the individual scores to analyse individual patients' changes over time.
Measured: at twelve weeks
Health-related quality of life: brain tumor specific
This will be reported by the questionnaire European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Brain Cancer Module (EORTC-QLQ-BN20). The EORTC-QLQ-BN20 is a brain tumor specific questionnaire and is a reliable tool to capture changes in specific health domains for this population. Both the total score of the questionnaire is used as the individual scores to analyse individual patients' changes over time.
Measured: at twelve weeks
Health-related quality of life: productivity
This will be reported by the questionnaire iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iPCQ). The iPCQ questionnaire measures productivity losses and is applicable to national and international studies.
Both the total score of the questionnaire is used as the individual scores to analyse individual patients' changes over time.
Measured: at twelve weeks
Health-related quality of life: medical consumption
This will be reported by the questionnaire iMTA Medical Consumption Questionnaire (iMCQ). The iMCQ questionnaire is an instrument for measuring medical consumption. Both the total score of the questionnaire is used as the individual scores to analyse individual patients' changes over time.
Measured: at twelve weeks
Secondary outcomes (9)
Cost-effectiveness
Expressed in Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY). The results of the cost utility analysis will be combined with observed and extrapolated uptake to estimate the budget impact over several relevant time horizons.
Measured: at six months
Cost-effectiveness
Expressed in Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio's (ICERs). The results of the cost utility analysis will be combined with observed and extrapolated uptake to estimate the budget impact over several relevant time horizons.
Measured: at six months
Time-to-diagnosis
Defined as index MRI to eventual management, including watchful waiting
Measured: During the study period (but expected within three months)
Overall survival
Defined from index MRI until death (patients who are still alive at the end of the study will be censored)
Measured: Through study completion (expected median of less than 1.5 year)
Number of unnecessary treatment cycles
Chemotherapy
Measured: at six months
Health-related quality of life: general
This will be reported by the questionnaire EQ5D. The EQ5D is a generic utility questionnaire which allows for comparison of quality of life between indications, and is considered the golden standard by the Dutch National Heath Care Institute. Both the total score of the questionnaire is used as the individual scores to analyse individual patients' changes over time.
Measured: at six weeks and six months
Health-related quality of life: brain tumor specific
This will be reported by the questionnaire European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Brain Cancer Module (EORTC-QLQ-BN20). The EORTC-QLQ-BN20 is a brain tumor specific questionnaire and is a reliable tool to capture changes in specific health domains for this population. Both the total score of the questionnaire is used as the individual scores to analyse individual patients' changes over time.
Measured: at six weeks and six months
Health-related quality of life: productivity
This will be reported by the questionnaire iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iPCQ). The iPCQ questionnaire measures productivity losses and is applicable to national and international studies.
Both the total score of the questionnaire is used as the individual scores to analyse individual patients' changes over time.
Measured: at six weeks and six months
Health-related quality of life: medical consumption
This will be reported by the questionnaire iMTA Medical Consumption Questionnaire (iMCQ). The iMCQ questionnaire is an instrument for measuring medical consumption. Both the total score of the questionnaire is used as the individual scores to analyse individual patients' changes over time.
Measured: at six weeks and six months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Jun 2024
- Study startAug 2024 (estimated)
- Primary completionDec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (20)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for GlioblastomaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants will be randomised in equal proportions between two arms: the investigational arm and the control arm.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 144 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Veerle Ruijters
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, Curium PET France
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Veerle Ruijters, UMC Utrecht
- Investigators
- Tom J Snijders, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, UMC UtrechtNelleke Tolboom, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, UMC Utrecht
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06480721
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NL86008.041.24
- Other IDs
- 10390022210022
- Acronym
- FET-POPPING
- Status last verified
- Jun 2024
- First submitted
- 17 Jun 2024
- Last updated
- 28 Jun 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Hygino da Cruz LC Jr, Rodriguez I, Domingues RC, Gasparetto EL, Sorensen AG. Pseudoprogression and pseudoresponse: imaging challenges in the assessment of posttreatment glioma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Dec;32(11):1978-85. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2397. Epub 2011 Mar 10.
PubMed 21393407Popperl G, Gotz C, Rachinger W, Gildehaus FJ, Tonn JC, Tatsch K. Value of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)- L-tyrosine PET for the diagnosis of recurrent glioma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004 Nov;31(11):1464-70. doi: 10.1007/s00259-004-1590-1. Epub 2004 Jul 10.
PubMed 15248032Galldiks N, Dunkl V, Stoffels G, Hutterer M, Rapp M, Sabel M, Reifenberger G, Kebir S, Dorn F, Blau T, Herrlinger U, Hau P, Ruge MI, Kocher M, Goldbrunner R, Fink GR, Drzezga A, Schmidt M, Langen KJ. Diagnosis of pseudoprogression in patients with glioblastoma using O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015 Apr;42(5):685-95. doi: 10.1007/s00259-014-2959-4. Epub 2014 Nov 20.
PubMed 25411133Galldiks N, Stoffels G, Filss C, Rapp M, Blau T, Tscherpel C, Ceccon G, Dunkl V, Weinzierl M, Stoffel M, Sabel M, Fink GR, Shah NJ, Langen KJ. The use of dynamic O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine PET in the diagnosis of patients with progressive and recurrent glioma. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Sep;17(9):1293-300. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nov088. Epub 2015 May 24.
PubMed 26008606Richtlijnendatabase. Onderscheiden tumorprogressie en therapie-effect bij gliomen. 2020; Available from: https://richtlijnendatabase.nl/richtlijn/gliomen/follow-up_na_gliomen/onderscheiden_tumorprogressie_en_therapie-effect_bij_gliomen.html.
Albert NL, Weller M, Suchorska B, Galldiks N, Soffietti R, Kim MM, la Fougere C, Pope W, Law I, Arbizu J, Chamberlain MC, Vogelbaum M, Ellingson BM, Tonn JC. Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology working group and European Association for Neuro-Oncology recommendations for the clinical use of PET imaging in gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 2016 Sep;18(9):1199-208. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/now058. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
PubMed 27106405Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Taphoorn MJ, Janzer RC, Ludwin SK, Allgeier A, Fisher B, Belanger K, Hau P, Brandes AA, Gijtenbeek J, Marosi C, Vecht CJ, Mokhtari K, Wesseling P, Villa S, Eisenhauer E, Gorlia T, Weller M, Lacombe D, Cairncross JG, Mirimanoff RO; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumour and Radiation Oncology Groups; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol. 2009 May;10(5):459-66. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70025-7. Epub 2009 Mar 9.
PubMed 19269895Stupp R, Taillibert S, Kanner A, Read W, Steinberg D, Lhermitte B, Toms S, Idbaih A, Ahluwalia MS, Fink K, Di Meco F, Lieberman F, Zhu JJ, Stragliotto G, Tran D, Brem S, Hottinger A, Kirson ED, Lavy-Shahaf G, Weinberg U, Kim CY, Paek SH, Nicholas G, Bruna J, Hirte H, Weller M, Palti Y, Hegi ME, Ram Z. Effect of Tumor-Treating Fields Plus Maintenance Temozolomide vs Maintenance Temozolomide Alone on Survival in Patients With Glioblastoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Dec 19;318(23):2306-2316. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.18718.
PubMed 29260225Singnurkar A, Poon R, Detsky J. 18F-FET-PET imaging in high-grade gliomas and brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurooncol. 2023 Jan;161(1):1-12. doi: 10.1007/s11060-022-04201-6. Epub 2022 Dec 11.
PubMed 36502457de Zwart PL, van Dijken BRJ, Holtman GA, Stormezand GN, Dierckx RAJO, Jan van Laar P, van der Hoorn A. Diagnostic Accuracy of PET Tracers for the Differentiation of Tumor Progression from Treatment-Related Changes in High-Grade Glioma: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. J Nucl Med. 2020 Apr;61(4):498-504. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.119.233809. Epub 2019 Sep 20.
PubMed 31541032Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, Brat DJ, Cree IA, Figarella-Branger D, Hawkins C, Ng HK, Pfister SM, Reifenberger G, Soffietti R, von Deimling A, Ellison DW. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Neuro Oncol. 2021 Aug 2;23(8):1231-1251. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab106.
PubMed 34185076Albert NL, Galldiks N, Ellingson BM, van den Bent MJ, Chang SM, Cicone F, de Groot J, Koh ES, Law I, Le Rhun E, Mair MJ, Minniti G, Ruda R, Scott AM, Short SC, Smits M, Suchorska B, Tolboom N, Traub-Weidinger T, Tonn JC, Verger A, Weller M, Wen PY, Preusser M. PET-based response assessment criteria for diffuse gliomas (PET RANO 1.0): a report of the RANO group. Lancet Oncol. 2024 Jan;25(1):e29-e41. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00525-9.
PubMed 38181810Chow R, Lao N, Popovic M, Chow E, Cella D, Beaumont J, Lam H, Pulenzas N, Bedard G, Wong E, DeAngelis C, Bottomley A. Comparison of the EORTC QLQ-BN20 and the FACT-Br quality of life questionnaires for patients with primary brain cancers: a literature review. Support Care Cancer. 2014 Sep;22(9):2593-8. doi: 10.1007/s00520-014-2352-7.
PubMed 25015058Nederland, Z. Richtlijn voor het uitvoeren van economische evaluaties in de gezondheidszorg (versie 2024). 2024; Available from: https://www.zorginstituutnederland.nl/over-ons/publicaties/publicatie/2024/01/16/richtlijn-voor-het-uitvoeren-van-economische-evaluaties-in-de-gezondheidszorg.
iMTA. iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire. Available from: https://www.imta.nl/questionnaires/ipcq/.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Jun 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- FET-PET-Guided Management of Pseudoprogression in Glioblastoma
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06480721
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FET-POPPING / NL86008.041.24
- Conditions
- Glioblastoma, Radionecrosis of Brain
- Keywords
- Glioblastoma, [¹⁸F] FET PET, Tumor progression, Pseudoprogression, Unnecessary interventions, Health-related quality of life, Healthcare costs
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 144 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Veerle RuijtersUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, Curium PET France
- Study start
- Aug 2024 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 28 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this diagnostic randomised clinical trial is to determine, in glioblastoma patients with diagnostic uncertainty between pseudoprogression and tumor progression on follow-up MRI after chemoradiation, the added value of a direct [¹⁸F] FET-PET scan for clinical management.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does the clinical management guided by an additional FET-PET scan leads to fewer unnecessary interventions, compared with management based on MRI only?
- Does the clinical management guided by an additional FET-PET scan leads to better health-related quality of life after 12 weeks, compared with management based on MRI only?
- Does the clinical management guided by an additional FET-PET scan leads to reduced net healthcare costs, compared with management based on MRI only?
Researchers will compare the investigational arm, where clinical management is based on the index MRI scan and an additional FET-PET scan, with the control arm, where clinical management is based solely on the index MRI scan, to investigate the added value of the FET PET scan for clinical management.
Participants in the investigational arm will undergo the FET PET scan. All participants will complete health-related quality of life questionnaires at four different timepoints.
Detailed description
During follow-up of glioblastoma patients after chemoradiation, expert teams often observe MRI abnormalities with difficulty in distinguishing between tumor growth and pseudoprogression. Although techniques such as perfusion MRI provide additional information, diagnostic uncertainty often remains, leading to incorrect or delayed diagnosis and, inappropriate treatment, such as unnecessary surgery. Despite the good discriminating power of [¹⁸F] Fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine-PET (FET-PET), this diagnostic tool is not used frequently in the Netherlands due to costs, logistics, and misconceptions about clinical benefit. In the FET POPPING study we aim to determine the added value of [¹⁸F] FET-PET for clinical management. A multicenter diagnostic randomised clinical trial will be performed, from July 2024 until December 2027. 144 adult patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma will be included, who, after the concomitant phase of chemoradiation, have increased contrast enhancement on MRI, causing doubt between tumor growth or pseudoprogression. Included patients will be randomised 1:1 in two arms. The investigational arm receives an additional [¹⁸F] FET-PET scan, and clinical management is based on the index MRI and [¹⁸F] FET-PET together. Clinical management of the control arm is based on the index MRI alone. Exact clinical management, following from the available imaging, is chosen at the discretion of a multidisciplinary board. The primary study endpoints are (a) the percentage of patients undergoing unnecessary interventions and (b) health-related quality of life after 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints include time-to-diagnosis, overall survival and cost-effectiveness. We hypothesize that the clinical management guided by an additional [¹⁸F] FET-PET scan leads to fewer unnecessary interventions, better health-related quality of life after 12 weeks and among others reduced net healthcare costs, compared with management based on MRI only.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants will be randomised in equal proportions between two arms: the investigational arm and the control arm.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical management is based on the index MRI and an additional [¹⁸F] FET-PET together | Experimental | Other: Clinical management based on the index MRI and an additional [¹⁸F] FET PET scan |
| Standard of care | No intervention | – |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Patients with a glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4, according to WHO 2021 criteria.
- Age ≥18 years
- New or increased enhancement within the high-dose radiation field (defined as within the 80% isodose line) on follow-up MRI
- Follow up MRI ≥3 months after the end of the standard-of-care temozolomide-based concomitant chemoradiation (60 Gy/30 fractions or 40 Gy/15 fractions). Of note, very early increase - within 3 months of last radiation - will not be grounds for inclusion because of the high rate of pseudoprogression and slightly lower diagnostic performance of FET-PET compared to the situation of increase beyond 3 months after last radiation. Patients with such very early increase may have subsequent further increase after 3 months post-radiation, causing (further) diagnostic doubt; these may be included at that later timepoint if they meet the other inclusion criteria.
- First moment of clinicoradiological uncertainty regarding the diagnosis (≥3 months after the end of chemoradiation): pseudoprogression or tumor recurrence. The determination of 'uncertainty' is made by the treating physician, preferably in the multidisciplinary tumor board, based on available clinical and standard-of-care MRI-data, which generally includes perfusion-MRI.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Previous treatment for recurrence of disease
- An enhanced lesion size of less than 1 cm on the index MRI. In the newest RANO PET criteria, it is advised to use FET-PET for increasing lesions only in cases with a minimum lesion size.
- Life expectancy of less than 6 months, determined by the treating physician
- Contra-indications for PET (claustrophobia, inability to lay still)
- Women of childbearing potential without adequate contraception
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical management based on the index MRI and an additional [¹⁸F] FET PET scanPatients in the investigational arm will undergo the extra FET-PET scan, with use of the O-(2- ¹⁸F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (¹⁸F-FET) tracer. FET-PET scanning will be performed according to the joint European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)/European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO)/Response Assessment in Neuro-oncology (RANO) guidelines. In most patients, a static scan (20-40 minutes post-injection) will performed. If the logistics of the research site allow for a dynamic scan (0-60 minutes post-injection), this will be performed. Interpretation will be done by an experienced nuclear medicine physician from the local center according to current European guidelines. Central review will be performed by a panel of nuclear medicine physicians from the study team. Clinical management is based on the index MRI and this additional [¹⁸F] FET PET scan. | Other | Clinical management is based on the index MRI and an additional [¹⁸F] FET-PET together |
Primary outcome
Composite score of proportion (0-100%) of patients undergoing unnecessary interventions.
Time frame: at six months
Determination of 'unnecessary interventions' will be done retrospectively, by the researchers and the treating physician. An 'unnecessary intervention' is defined as: * Biopsy or debulking for diagnostic uncertainty and/or with pseudoprogression as the final pathological diagnosis * The administration of one or more cycles of (temozolomide) chemotherapy as continued treatment for presumed pseudoprogression, in cases with a final diagnosis of tumor progression * The administration of one or more doses of bevacizumab for presumed pseudoprogression, in cases with a final diagnosis of tumor progression
Health-related quality of life: general
Time frame: at twelve weeks
This will be reported by the questionnaire EQ5D. The EQ5D is a generic utility questionnaire which allows for comparison of quality of life between indications, and is considered the golden standard by the Dutch National Heath Care Institute. Both the total score of the questionnaire is used as the individual scores to analyse individual patients' changes over time.
Health-related quality of life: brain tumor specific
Time frame: at twelve weeks
This will be reported by the questionnaire European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Brain Cancer Module (EORTC-QLQ-BN20). The EORTC-QLQ-BN20 is a brain tumor specific questionnaire and is a reliable tool to capture changes in specific health domains for this population. Both the total score of the questionnaire is used as the individual scores to analyse individual patients' changes over time.
Health-related quality of life: productivity
Time frame: at twelve weeks
This will be reported by the questionnaire iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iPCQ). The iPCQ questionnaire measures productivity losses and is applicable to national and international studies. Both the total score of the questionnaire is used as the individual scores to analyse individual patients' changes over time.
Health-related quality of life: medical consumption
Time frame: at twelve weeks
This will be reported by the questionnaire iMTA Medical Consumption Questionnaire (iMCQ). The iMCQ questionnaire is an instrument for measuring medical consumption. Both the total score of the questionnaire is used as the individual scores to analyse individual patients' changes over time.
9 secondary outcomes
Cost-effectiveness
Time frame: at six months
Cost-effectiveness
Time frame: at six months
Time-to-diagnosis
Time frame: During the study period (but expected within three months)
Overall survival
Time frame: Through study completion (expected median of less than 1.5 year)
Number of unnecessary treatment cycles
Time frame: at six months
Health-related quality of life: general
Time frame: at six weeks and six months
Health-related quality of life: brain tumor specific
Time frame: at six weeks and six months
Health-related quality of life: productivity
Time frame: at six weeks and six months
Health-related quality of life: medical consumption
Time frame: at six weeks and six months
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Jun 2024.
- Background: PubMed 21393407Hygino da Cruz LC Jr, Rodriguez I, Domingues RC, Gasparetto EL, Sorensen AG. Pseudoprogression and pseudoresponse: imaging challenges in the assessment of posttreatment glioma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Dec;32(11):1978-85. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2397. Epub 2011 Mar 10.
- Background: PubMed 15248032Popperl G, Gotz C, Rachinger W, Gildehaus FJ, Tonn JC, Tatsch K. Value of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)- L-tyrosine PET for the diagnosis of recurrent glioma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004 Nov;31(11):1464-70. doi: 10.1007/s00259-004-1590-1. Epub 2004 Jul 10.
- Background: PubMed 25411133Galldiks N, Dunkl V, Stoffels G, Hutterer M, Rapp M, Sabel M, Reifenberger G, Kebir S, Dorn F, Blau T, Herrlinger U, Hau P, Ruge MI, Kocher M, Goldbrunner R, Fink GR, Drzezga A, Schmidt M, Langen KJ. Diagnosis of pseudoprogression in patients with glioblastoma using O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015 Apr;42(5):685-95. doi: 10.1007/s00259-014-2959-4. Epub 2014 Nov 20.
- Background: PubMed 26008606Galldiks N, Stoffels G, Filss C, Rapp M, Blau T, Tscherpel C, Ceccon G, Dunkl V, Weinzierl M, Stoffel M, Sabel M, Fink GR, Shah NJ, Langen KJ. The use of dynamic O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine PET in the diagnosis of patients with progressive and recurrent glioma. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Sep;17(9):1293-300. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nov088. Epub 2015 May 24.
- BackgroundRichtlijnendatabase. Onderscheiden tumorprogressie en therapie-effect bij gliomen. 2020; Available from: https://richtlijnendatabase.nl/richtlijn/gliomen/follow-up_na_gliomen/onderscheiden_tumorprogressie_en_therapie-effect_bij_gliomen.html.
- Background: PubMed 27106405Albert NL, Weller M, Suchorska B, Galldiks N, Soffietti R, Kim MM, la Fougere C, Pope W, Law I, Arbizu J, Chamberlain MC, Vogelbaum M, Ellingson BM, Tonn JC. Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology working group and European Association for Neuro-Oncology recommendations for the clinical use of PET imaging in gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 2016 Sep;18(9):1199-208. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/now058. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
- Background: PubMed 19269895Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Taphoorn MJ, Janzer RC, Ludwin SK, Allgeier A, Fisher B, Belanger K, Hau P, Brandes AA, Gijtenbeek J, Marosi C, Vecht CJ, Mokhtari K, Wesseling P, Villa S, Eisenhauer E, Gorlia T, Weller M, Lacombe D, Cairncross JG, Mirimanoff RO; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumour and Radiation Oncology Groups; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol. 2009 May;10(5):459-66. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70025-7. Epub 2009 Mar 9.
- Background: PubMed 29260225Stupp R, Taillibert S, Kanner A, Read W, Steinberg D, Lhermitte B, Toms S, Idbaih A, Ahluwalia MS, Fink K, Di Meco F, Lieberman F, Zhu JJ, Stragliotto G, Tran D, Brem S, Hottinger A, Kirson ED, Lavy-Shahaf G, Weinberg U, Kim CY, Paek SH, Nicholas G, Bruna J, Hirte H, Weller M, Palti Y, Hegi ME, Ram Z. Effect of Tumor-Treating Fields Plus Maintenance Temozolomide vs Maintenance Temozolomide Alone on Survival in Patients With Glioblastoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Dec 19;318(23):2306-2316. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.18718.
- Background: PubMed 36502457Singnurkar A, Poon R, Detsky J. 18F-FET-PET imaging in high-grade gliomas and brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurooncol. 2023 Jan;161(1):1-12. doi: 10.1007/s11060-022-04201-6. Epub 2022 Dec 11.
- Background: PubMed 31541032de Zwart PL, van Dijken BRJ, Holtman GA, Stormezand GN, Dierckx RAJO, Jan van Laar P, van der Hoorn A. Diagnostic Accuracy of PET Tracers for the Differentiation of Tumor Progression from Treatment-Related Changes in High-Grade Glioma: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. J Nucl Med. 2020 Apr;61(4):498-504. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.119.233809. Epub 2019 Sep 20.
- Background: PubMed 34185076Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, Brat DJ, Cree IA, Figarella-Branger D, Hawkins C, Ng HK, Pfister SM, Reifenberger G, Soffietti R, von Deimling A, Ellison DW. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Neuro Oncol. 2021 Aug 2;23(8):1231-1251. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab106.
- Background: PubMed 38181810Albert NL, Galldiks N, Ellingson BM, van den Bent MJ, Chang SM, Cicone F, de Groot J, Koh ES, Law I, Le Rhun E, Mair MJ, Minniti G, Ruda R, Scott AM, Short SC, Smits M, Suchorska B, Tolboom N, Traub-Weidinger T, Tonn JC, Verger A, Weller M, Wen PY, Preusser M. PET-based response assessment criteria for diffuse gliomas (PET RANO 1.0): a report of the RANO group. Lancet Oncol. 2024 Jan;25(1):e29-e41. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00525-9.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Tom J Snijders, MD, PhD principal investigator
UMC Utrecht
Nelleke Tolboom, MD, PhD principal investigator
UMC Utrecht
8 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Clinical management based on the index MRI and an additional [¹⁸F] FET PET scan in people with Glioblastoma and Radionecrosis of Brain, run by Veerle Ruijters at 8 sites in Netherlands.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Jun 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 8 sites in Netherlands. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Veerle J Ruijters, MD (0031639656920, v.j.ruijters-6@umcutrecht.nl), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Composite score of proportion (0-100%) of patients undergoing unnecessary interventions. (time frame: at six months). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06480721, which also lists 20 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Jun 2024.