Efficacy of a Mixed Distancial Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Program in Patients With Grade 2 or 3 Diffuse Glioma

The FACT-Cog is a self-assessment questionnaire to estimate memory, attention, concentration, language, and thinking abilities of patients before, during, and after chemotherapy. This questionnaire, composed of 37 items consists of four subscales: cognitive impairments perceived by the patient (20 items), comments from others (4 items), cognitive abilities perceived by the patient (9items), and impact on quality of life (4 items). The Perceived Cognitive Impairments and the Comments from Others subscales are rated on 5-point Likert-type scale (from 0 = "Never" to 4 = "Several times a day"). An intensity 5-point Likert-type scale (from 0 "Not at all" to 4 "Very much") is used to rate perceived cognitive abilities and the impact on quality of life. For all subscales, a higher score represents better cognitive functioning or quality of life.

The FACT-Cog is a self-assessment questionnaire to estimate memory, attention, concentration, language, and thinking abilities of patients before, during, and after chemotherapy. This questionnaire, composed of 37 items consists of four subscales including comments from other (4 items). This subscale is rated on 5-point Likert-type scale (from 0 = "Never" to 4 = "Several times a day"). A higher score represents better cognitive functioning or quality of life.

The FACT-Cog is a self-assessment questionnaire to estimate memory, attention, concentration, language, and thinking abilities of patients before, during, and after chemotherapy. This questionnaire, composed of 37 items consists of four subscales including cognitive abilities perceived by the patient (9 items). An intensity 5-point Likert-type scale (from 0 "Not at all" to 4 "Very much") is used to rate perceived cognitive abilities. A higher score represents better cognitive functioning or quality of life.

The FACT-Cog is a self-assessment questionnaire to estimate memory, attention, concentration, language, and thinking abilities of patients before, during, and after chemotherapy. This questionnaire, composed of 37 items consists of four subscales including impact on quality of life (4 items). An intensity 5-point Likert-type scale (from 0 "Not at all" to 4 "Very much") is used to rate the impact on quality of life. A higher score represents better cognitive functioning or quality of life.

Correlations between scores on the 4 subscales of the FACT-Cog cognitive complaints questionnaire and the main neurocognitive domains (score on global functioning, executive functions, language, working memory, processing speed and social cognition).

The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) is one of the most commonly used scales to assess both retrospective memory (RM) and prospective memory (PM) complaints. The PRMQ is a 16-item, self-report measure of prospective and retrospective failures in everyday life. 8 items enquire about PM and 8 enquire about RM. The items were also designed to contain an equal number of items concerned with either self-cued memory or environmentally-cued memory, and with short-term versus long-term memory.

The HADS is a 14 items questionnaire: 7 items related to anxiety and 7 items related to depression scored on a scale. Scores for items in each subscale of the HADS are summed to produce an anxiety score (HADS-A) or a depression score (HADS-D), or can be added to produce a total score corresponding to emotional distress (HADS-T). Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = "not at all", 2 = "a little", 3 = "quite a bit", and 4 = "very much"), for a total score ranging from 0-21 for each subscale. The entire scale (emotional distress) range from 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating more distress

Developed by the EORTC, this self-reported questionnaire assesses the health-related quality of life of cancer patients in clinical trials. The questionnaire includes five functional scales (physical, everyday activity, cognitive, emotional, and social), three symptom scales (fatigue, pain, nausea and vomiting), a health/quality of life overall scale, and a number of additional elements assessing common symptoms (including dyspnea, loss of appetite, insomnia, constipation, and diarrhea), as well as, the perceived financial impact of the disease. All of the scales and single-item measures range in score from 0 to 100. A high scale score represents a higher response level.

This EORTC brain cancer specific questionnaire is intended to supplement the QLQ-C30. The QLQ-BN20 contains 20 items organized into four scales (three items each: future uncertainty, visual disorder, motor dysfunction, and communication deficit), and seven single items (headaches, seizures, drowsiness, hair loss, itchy skin, weakness of legs, and bladder control). All items are rated on a four-point Likert-type scale (1 = "not at all", 2 = "a little", 3 = "quite a bit", and 4 = "very much"), and are linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms.

The MFI-20 is a 20-item scale designed to evaluate five dimensions of fatigue: general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced motivation, reduced activity, and mental fatigue. The patient positions himself on a 5-point scale, according to the fatigue he felt the days before the assessment. The " strongly agree " position is worth 5 points, and the " strongly disagree " position is worth 1 point. The score is calculated by adding up the points on the scale. The higher is the score, the more severe is the the fatigue.

Patient adherence to the intervention defined as completion of at least 25 hours of the digital program out of the recommended 40 hours (calculated automatically by the software), and completion of the 3 neuropsycho-oncology (tele)consultations

Lasting 10 to 15 minutes, the test assesses mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction, evaluating the following functions: attention, concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuo-constructive abilities, abstraction skills, calculation, orientation.

Correlations between the 2 scores on the PRMQ and the main cognitive domains (score for global functioning, executive functions, language, working memory, processing speed and social cognition)

Proportion of patients returning to work or increasing their working hours

The Beck Depression Inventory is used to detect depression and its severity. It is a self-assessment test with 21-items and 4 types of response. These range from 0 to 3 and describe the extent to which we identify the reality described. 0 means not identifying at all and 3 describes a fact which identify almost 100%. Four basic categories are established according to the results obtained : 0-13 = low depression, 14-19 = mild depression, 20-28 = moderate depression and 29-63 = severe depression.

The STAI-Y is a test designed to assess momentary and habitual anxiety. It comprises 2 scales of 20 items each: anxiety-state scale assesses the feelings of apprehension, tension, nervousness and concerns that the subject feels at the time of the consultation. It is an indicator of transient changes in anxiety caused by therapeutic or aversive situations.

The anxiety-trait scale assesses the feelings of apprehension, tension, nervousness and concerns that the subject usually experiences. The purpose of this scale is to identify anxiety as a stable disposition. It thus forms the starting point for therapeutic action.

The STAI-Y is also used to study the effect of anxiety on memory, learning performance or adjustment to stressful situations

The Brief Irritability Test is a brief, reliable, and valid self-report measure of irritability with 5-items. The answers are rated from never to always.

The ISI is a 7-item self-report questionnaire assessing the nature, severity, and impact of insomnia. The usual recall period is the "last month" and the dimensions evaluated are: severity of sleep onset, sleep maintenance, and early morning awakening problems, sleep dissatisfaction, interference of sleep difficulties with daytime functioning, noticeability of sleep problems by others, and distress caused by the sleep difficulties. A 5-point Likert scale is used to rate each item (e.g., 0 = no problem; 4 = very severe problem), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 28. The total score is interpreted as follows: absence of insomnia (0-7); sub-threshold insomnia (8-14); moderate insomnia (15-21); and severe insomnia (22-28).

This test assesses cognitive abilities across various domains. It comprises 10 core subtests that yield four factor index scores (i.e., Verbal Comprehension: measures language use and long-term memory, Perceptual Reasoning: assesses logical reasoning and visual-spatial abilities, Working Memory: evaluates short-term memory, and Processing Speed: gauges processing speed) as well as the full-scale IQ. There are also five supplemental subtests that can be used as an alternative to the core subtests. In the FREEDOME study, the following sub-tests will be used:

• Digit Symbol Substitution Test
• Code test
• Verbal Digit-span test
• Arithmetic

This test provides a measure of verbal learning and memory. Following each administration, subjects were asked for an immediate free recall. Twenty minutes later, used for intercurrent tasks, subjects were asked for a delayed free recall, which was immediately followed by a recognition memory task. In this task, subjects listened to a list of 24 words, 12 belonging to the studied list and 12 were distractors; the subjects were asked to recognize the 12 studied words.

The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Color-Word-Interference Test (CWIT; AKA Stroop test) is a widely used measure of processing speed and executive function. The Stroop test assesses the interference between color and word reading. Participants are presented with a list of color names (e.g., "red," "blue," "green") printed in incongruent colors (e.g., the word "red" printed in blue ink). The task requires individuals to name the color of the ink while inhibiting the automatic response to read the word itself. The interference effect occurs because our brains process the meaning of the word faster than the color information.

Two kinds of verbal fluency (VF) can be differentiated: phonemic fluency refers to the ability to name words with a given first letter (such as "S" or "P"), while in semantic VF words belonging to certain categories such as animals or fruits have to be enumerated. VF is an integral part of many neuropsychological test batteries

The Trail Making Test is a neuropsychological test of visual attention and task switching. It comprises two parts in which the subject must connect a set of 25 points as quickly as possible while maintaining accuracy, i.e. avoiding making mistakes. The test provides information on visual search speed, visual exploration, information processing speed, mental flexibility and executive functioning.

The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) is a common measure of the Theory of Mind.

In the RMET, participants are presented with pictures of the eye regions of a face and required to select the word that best matches the model's complex mental state such as desire and goal.

It presents thirty-six photographs of the eye part of the face, each expressing complex mental states of the individuals pictured.