Thoracic SurgeryTUNENCT06398301
Surgical Prehabilitation on Autonomic Nervous System (TUNE)
A study testing Multimodal prehabilitation Program in people with Thoracic Surgery, run by Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele at 2 sites in Italy.
Trial summary
This study will be a multicenter interventional randomized trial evaluating the effect of a multimodal prehabilitation program on heart rate variability (HRV). In the same protocol the impact of HRV on hospital length of stay will be identified. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Thoracic Surgery
- What is being tested?
- Multimodal prehabilitation Program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesItaly
- Study dates
- 29 Jul 2024to Oct 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients scheduled to undergo major thoracic surgery including lobectomy, bilobectomy, anatomical segmentectomy, and pneumonectomy with general anesthesia;
- Patients ≥18 years of age at the time of randomization;
- Patients who provide written informed consent to participate.
Who cannot join
- New York Heart Association classes 3-4;
- End-stage organ dysfunction;
- American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classes 4-5;
- Disabling orthopedic, neuromuscular, and psychiatric diseases;
- Other medical conditions that preclude safe training.
- Atrial fibrillation or other arrhythmia (e.g. bigeminy, trigeminy) that preclude heart rate variability analysis.
- Unable to provide written informed consent to participate
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
Italy2 sites
IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute
Milan, 20132
Università degli studi di Verona
Verona
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Surgical Prehabilitation on Autonomic Nervous System Regulation
This study will be a multicenter interventional randomized trial evaluating the effect of a multimodal prehabilitation program on heart rate variability (HRV). In the same protocol the impact of HRV on hospital length of stay will be identified. One hundred patients aged 18 years or older scheduled for elective surgery will be eligible for enrolment, if they will not present any exclusion criteria. Patients will be randomized with a 1:1 allocation to receive either prehabilitation or standard of care.
Read the detailed description
There is a growing interest whether prehabilitation interventions can reduce length of hospital stay and perioperative morbidity after major surgery. The aim of prehabilitation is to improve patients' functional capacity to withstand the upcoming stress of surgery. Prehabilitation is defined as an active program of structured exercise over a period of weeks to improve preoperative cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular conditioning. Exercise in preparation for surgery is known to be associated with reduced postoperative complications and rapid restoration of functional status. However, prehabilitation programs are not yet standardized and there is no consensus on which parameters can accurately evaluate their effectiveness.
Many elements of prehabilitation are analogous to athletes' training, and it seems straightforward to compare prehabilitation before surgery to athletic preparation before competitions. Traditionally, post training recovery and physiological reserve are assessed by tools considered expensive and challenging in everyday use. For this reason, the use of heart rate variability (HRV), the variability in the distance between the R-R waves of the electrocardiogram, has become a logical solution as it identifies major regulatory processes after exercise. HRV parameters are commonly used to analyze stress experienced by the body during training and they can predict physiological recovery after training. HRV is the most validated method to measure the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Surgery is considered as a physical stress which the body responds to by means of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activities. While on one hand the sympathetic nervous system upregulates mechanisms of body response in stress situations, parasympathetic system is activated during relaxation through the vagus nerve. Among the effects of the sympathetic nervous system there are hyperglycemia, increased blood pressure and heart rate, activation of the inflammatory response, and increased myocardial oxygen consumption. Sympathetic nervous system activity tends to synchronize with the R-R intervals, reducing their variability. HRV measures the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, and it seems to be associated to perioperative hypotension, nociception/anesthesia balance, and perioperative risk assessment. The reduction in the risk of coronary artery disease following physical activity may be due to increased HRV. Similarly, surgical prehabilitation could have beneficial effects on perioperative outcome through a possible increase in HRV.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a multimodal program of prehabilitation on heart rate variability in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Patients enrolled in this study will be randomized (ratio 1:1) and allocated either to the intervention group (Prehabilitation), or to the control group, which will be treated according to usual standard of care within Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways. The hypothesis is that standard deviation of normal to normal index of heart rate variability from baseline to the days before surgery will increase in patients undergoing prehabilitation. The hypothesis is also to observe a reduction of length of hospital stays in patient with an elevated standard deviation of normal to normal index of heart rate variability.
- Conditions
- Thoracic Surgery
- Being tested
- Multimodal prehabilitation Program
- Keywords
- Thoracic surgery, Prehabilitation, Multimodal prehabilitation program, Standard care treatment, Hospital stay, Functional walking, Nutrition, Diet, Exercise, Relaxation, Functional recovery, Anesthesiology
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Multimodal prehabilitation ProgramBehavioural
A tailored intervention will be prescribed if specific physical, nutritional or psychological impairments will be identified during the assessment phase. Based on the data obtained during the multimodal assessment, different domains and levels of care will be prescribed, focusing on exercise training, and/or nutrition optimization, and/or distress-coping techniques. Different combinations of three domains will be utilized to maximize their synergistic anabolic effect.
The duration of program will be set at 4 weeks. All activities will be performed in dedicated suites at each site, under supervision of qualified health professionals.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Prehabilitation | Experimental | Prehabilitation arm groups will receive preoperative intervention which includes exercise training, nutritional therapy and anxiety reducing techniques, aimed at preventing or attenuating surgery-driven functional decline. Receives: Behavioral: Multimodal prehabilitation Program |
| Control group | No intervention | Standard care treatment. Application of ERAS pathways (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Impact of prehabilitation on heart rate variability
The primary outcome measure will be standard deviation of normal to normal index (SDNN) of heart rate variability from baseline to the days before surgery.
Measured: 30 days after prehabilitation
Secondary outcomes (1)
Lenght of hospital stay
Reduction of length of hospital stay
Measured: 60 days follow up post surgery
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 May 2024
- Study start29 Jul 2024
- Primary completion19 Apr 2026
- Study completionOct 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (20)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Thoracic SurgeryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Giulia Veronesi, Katia Donadello
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Giovanni Landoni, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06398301
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TUNE - CET 199-2023
- Acronym
- TUNE
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 24 Apr 2024
- Last updated
- 6 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Weinstein AS, Sigurdsson MI, Bader AM. Comparison of Preoperative Assessment of Patient's Metabolic Equivalents (METs) Estimated from History versus Measured by Exercise Cardiac Stress Testing. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2018 Sep 3;2018:5912726. doi: 10.1155/2018/5912726. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 30250484Pedziwiatr M, Mavrikis J, Witowski J, Adamos A, Major P, Nowakowski M, Budzynski A. Current status of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in gastrointestinal surgery. Med Oncol. 2018 May 9;35(6):95. doi: 10.1007/s12032-018-1153-0.
PubMed 29744679Pedziwiatr M, Kisialeuski M, Wierdak M, Stanek M, Natkaniec M, Matlok M, Major P, Malczak P, Budzynski A. Early implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) protocol - Compliance improves outcomes: A prospective cohort study. Int J Surg. 2015 Sep;21:75-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.06.087. Epub 2015 Jul 29.
PubMed 26231994Scheede-Bergdahl C, Minnella EM, Carli F. Multi-modal prehabilitation: addressing the why, when, what, how, who and where next? Anaesthesia. 2019 Jan;74 Suppl 1:20-26. doi: 10.1111/anae.14505.
PubMed 30604416Carli F, Zavorsky GS. Optimizing functional exercise capacity in the elderly surgical population. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005 Jan;8(1):23-32. doi: 10.1097/00075197-200501000-00005.
PubMed 15585997Wynter-Blyth V, Moorthy K. Prehabilitation: preparing patients for surgery. BMJ. 2017 Aug 8;358:j3702. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j3702. No abstract available.
PubMed 28790033Orange ST, Northgraves MJ, Marshall P, Madden LA, Vince RV. Exercise prehabilitation in elective intra-cavity surgery: A role within the ERAS pathway? A narrative review. Int J Surg. 2018 Aug;56:328-333. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.04.054. Epub 2018 May 3.
PubMed 29730070Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation. 1996 Mar 1;93(5):1043-65. No abstract available.
PubMed 8598068Manou-Stathopoulou V, Korbonits M, Ackland GL. Redefining the perioperative stress response: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Nov;123(5):570-583. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.08.011. Epub 2019 Sep 20.
PubMed 31547969McCorry LK. Physiology of the autonomic nervous system. Am J Pharm Educ. 2007 Aug 15;71(4):78. doi: 10.5688/aj710478.
PubMed 17786266Anderson TA. Heart rate variability: implications for perioperative anesthesia care. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2017 Dec;30(6):691-697. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000530.
PubMed 28957877Paris A, Tonner PH, Bein B, von Knobelsdorff G, Scholz J. [Heart rate variability in anesthesia]. Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2001;26(3):60-9. German.
PubMed 11455865Aubert AE, Seps B, Beckers F. Heart rate variability in athletes. Sports Med. 2003;33(12):889-919. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200333120-00003.
PubMed 12974657Bernardi L, Valle F, Coco M, Calciati A, Sleight P. Physical activity influences heart rate variability and very-low-frequency components in Holter electrocardiograms. Cardiovasc Res. 1996 Aug;32(2):234-7. doi: 10.1016/0008-6363(96)00081-8.
PubMed 8796109Nunan D, Sandercock GR, Brodie DA. A quantitative systematic review of normal values for short-term heart rate variability in healthy adults. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2010 Nov;33(11):1407-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2010.02841.x.
PubMed 20663071
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Surgical Prehabilitation on Autonomic Nervous System Regulation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06398301
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TUNE / TUNE - CET 199-2023
- Conditions
- Thoracic Surgery
- Keywords
- Thoracic surgery, Prehabilitation, Multimodal prehabilitation program, Standard care treatment, Hospital stay, Functional walking, Nutrition, Diet
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Università Vita-Salute San RaffaeleUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Giulia Veronesi, Katia Donadello
- Study start
- 29 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 19 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- Oct 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 3 May 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will be a multicenter interventional randomized trial evaluating the effect of a multimodal prehabilitation program on heart rate variability (HRV). In the same protocol the impact of HRV on hospital length of stay will be identified. One hundred patients aged 18 years or older scheduled for elective surgery will be eligible for enrolment, if they will not present any exclusion criteria. Patients will be randomized with a 1:1 allocation to receive either prehabilitation or standard of care.
Detailed description
There is a growing interest whether prehabilitation interventions can reduce length of hospital stay and perioperative morbidity after major surgery. The aim of prehabilitation is to improve patients' functional capacity to withstand the upcoming stress of surgery. Prehabilitation is defined as an active program of structured exercise over a period of weeks to improve preoperative cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular conditioning. Exercise in preparation for surgery is known to be associated with reduced postoperative complications and rapid restoration of functional status. However, prehabilitation programs are not yet standardized and there is no consensus on which parameters can accurately evaluate their effectiveness.
Many elements of prehabilitation are analogous to athletes' training, and it seems straightforward to compare prehabilitation before surgery to athletic preparation before competitions. Traditionally, post training recovery and physiological reserve are assessed by tools considered expensive and challenging in everyday use. For this reason, the use of heart rate variability (HRV), the variability in the distance between the R-R waves of the electrocardiogram, has become a logical solution as it identifies major regulatory processes after exercise. HRV parameters are commonly used to analyze stress experienced by the body during training and they can predict physiological recovery after training. HRV is the most validated method to measure the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Surgery is considered as a physical stress which the body responds to by means of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activities. While on one hand the sympathetic nervous system upregulates mechanisms of body response in stress situations, parasympathetic system is activated during relaxation through the vagus nerve. Among the effects of the sympathetic nervous system there are hyperglycemia, increased blood pressure and heart rate, activation of the inflammatory response, and increased myocardial oxygen consumption. Sympathetic nervous system activity tends to synchronize with the R-R intervals, reducing their variability. HRV measures the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, and it seems to be associated to perioperative hypotension, nociception/anesthesia balance, and perioperative risk assessment. The reduction in the risk of coronary artery disease following physical activity may be due to increased HRV. Similarly, surgical prehabilitation could have beneficial effects on perioperative outcome through a possible increase in HRV.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a multimodal program of prehabilitation on heart rate variability in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Patients enrolled in this study will be randomized (ratio 1:1) and allocated either to the intervention group (Prehabilitation), or to the control group, which will be treated according to usual standard of care within Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways. The hypothesis is that standard deviation of normal to normal index of heart rate variability from baseline to the days before surgery will increase in patients undergoing prehabilitation. The hypothesis is also to observe a reduction of length of hospital stays in patient with an elevated standard deviation of normal to normal index of heart rate variability.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Prehabilitation | Experimental | Behavioral: Multimodal prehabilitation ProgramPrehabilitation arm groups will receive preoperative intervention which includes exercise training, nutritional therapy and anxiety reducing techniques, aimed at preventing or attenuating surgery-driven functional decline. |
| Control group | No intervention | –Standard care treatment. Application of ERAS pathways (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Patients scheduled to undergo major thoracic surgery including lobectomy, bilobectomy, anatomical segmentectomy, and pneumonectomy with general anesthesia;
- Patients ≥18 years of age at the time of randomization;
- Patients who provide written informed consent to participate.
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- New York Heart Association classes 3-4;
- End-stage organ dysfunction;
- American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classes 4-5;
- Disabling orthopedic, neuromuscular, and psychiatric diseases;
- Other medical conditions that preclude safe training.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Multimodal prehabilitation ProgramA tailored intervention will be prescribed if specific physical, nutritional or psychological impairments will be identified during the assessment phase. Based on the data obtained during the multimodal assessment, different domains and levels of care will be prescribed, focusing on exercise training, and/or nutrition optimization, and/or distress-coping techniques. Different combinations of three domains will be utilized to maximize their synergistic anabolic effect. The duration of program will be set at 4 weeks. All activities will be performed in dedicated suites at each site, under supervision of qualified health professionals. | Behavioural | Prehabilitation |
Primary outcome
Impact of prehabilitation on heart rate variability
Time frame: 30 days after prehabilitation
The primary outcome measure will be standard deviation of normal to normal index (SDNN) of heart rate variability from baseline to the days before surgery.
1 secondary outcome
Lenght of hospital stay
Time frame: 60 days follow up post surgery
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 May 2026.
- Background: PubMed 30250484Weinstein AS, Sigurdsson MI, Bader AM. Comparison of Preoperative Assessment of Patient's Metabolic Equivalents (METs) Estimated from History versus Measured by Exercise Cardiac Stress Testing. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2018 Sep 3;2018:5912726. doi: 10.1155/2018/5912726. eCollection 2018.
- Background: PubMed 29744679Pedziwiatr M, Mavrikis J, Witowski J, Adamos A, Major P, Nowakowski M, Budzynski A. Current status of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in gastrointestinal surgery. Med Oncol. 2018 May 9;35(6):95. doi: 10.1007/s12032-018-1153-0.
- Background: PubMed 26231994Pedziwiatr M, Kisialeuski M, Wierdak M, Stanek M, Natkaniec M, Matlok M, Major P, Malczak P, Budzynski A. Early implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) protocol - Compliance improves outcomes: A prospective cohort study. Int J Surg. 2015 Sep;21:75-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.06.087. Epub 2015 Jul 29.
- Background: PubMed 30604416Scheede-Bergdahl C, Minnella EM, Carli F. Multi-modal prehabilitation: addressing the why, when, what, how, who and where next? Anaesthesia. 2019 Jan;74 Suppl 1:20-26. doi: 10.1111/anae.14505.
- Background: PubMed 15585997Carli F, Zavorsky GS. Optimizing functional exercise capacity in the elderly surgical population. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005 Jan;8(1):23-32. doi: 10.1097/00075197-200501000-00005.
- Background: PubMed 28790033Wynter-Blyth V, Moorthy K. Prehabilitation: preparing patients for surgery. BMJ. 2017 Aug 8;358:j3702. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j3702. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 29730070Orange ST, Northgraves MJ, Marshall P, Madden LA, Vince RV. Exercise prehabilitation in elective intra-cavity surgery: A role within the ERAS pathway? A narrative review. Int J Surg. 2018 Aug;56:328-333. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.04.054. Epub 2018 May 3.
- Background: PubMed 8598068Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation. 1996 Mar 1;93(5):1043-65. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 31547969Manou-Stathopoulou V, Korbonits M, Ackland GL. Redefining the perioperative stress response: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Nov;123(5):570-583. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.08.011. Epub 2019 Sep 20.
- Background: PubMed 17786266McCorry LK. Physiology of the autonomic nervous system. Am J Pharm Educ. 2007 Aug 15;71(4):78. doi: 10.5688/aj710478.
- Background: PubMed 28957877Anderson TA. Heart rate variability: implications for perioperative anesthesia care. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2017 Dec;30(6):691-697. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000530.
- Background: PubMed 11455865Paris A, Tonner PH, Bein B, von Knobelsdorff G, Scholz J. [Heart rate variability in anesthesia]. Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2001;26(3):60-9. German.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Thoracic Surgery
Active, not recruitingPhase 2
Trial Exploring Combined Neoadjuvant Therapy With Pembrolizumab/Lenvatinib + Adjuvant Pembrolizumab in Pat. With NSCLC
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
RecruitingPhase 3
Immunotherapy After Surgery for People Who Have No Remaining Cancer Cells After Standard Treatment for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, INSIGHT Trial
Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma, Stage II Lung Cancer AJCC v8
RecruitingPhase 3
A Study to Evaluate the Benefit of Adding Durvalumab After Chemotherapy, Durvalumab and Surgery in Patients With Early-stage, Operable, Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
Not yet recruiting
Effect of Warm Footbath Combined With Relaxation Exercise on Pain and Anxiety During Chest Tube Removal After Cardiac Surgery
Chest Tube Removal
RecruitingPhase 3
Testing the Impact of an Anti-Cancer Drug, Atezolizumab, After Surgery to Prevent Early Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer From Returning, AASI-NSCLC Trial
Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Multimodal prehabilitation Program in people with Thoracic Surgery, run by Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele at 2 sites in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Impact of prehabilitation on heart rate variability (time frame: 30 days after prehabilitation). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06398301, which also lists 20 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 May 2026.