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ADHDNCT06352801

Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Intervention on Enhancing Self-Compassion and Psychological Well-Being of Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

A study testing Self-Compassion Intervention in people with ADHD and Self-Compassion, run by The University of Hong Kong at 1 site in Hong Kong.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder traits (AD/HD traits) and psychological well-being through studying the role of perceived criticism, rejection sensitivity, self-compassion and growth mindset. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 9 to 12 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
ADHD, Self-Compassion, Psychological Well-Being
What is being tested?
Self-Compassion Intervention
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
96 participants
Where
1 siteHong Kong
Study dates
28 Dec 2023to 30 Apr 2026
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 9 to 12 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Child

Who may be able to join

  • Upper primary students
  • Clinical diagnosis, suspected cases of AD/HD, or having AD/HD symptoms
  • Able to read, write and communicate in Chinese

Who cannot join

  • Hearing, visual, or physical impairments that might hinder participation in the intervention
  • Clinical diagnosis and suspected cases of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
  • Prior or current participation in a psychotherapeutic treatment

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Hong Kong1 site
  • The University of Hong Kong

    Hong Kong

Other trials in Hong Kong

About this study

The study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder traits (AD/HD traits) and psychological well-being through studying the role of perceived criticism, rejection sensitivity, self-compassion and growth mindset. It also aims to explore the effectiveness of self-compassion intervention on enhancing self-compassion and psychological well-being of children with AD/HD in Hong Kong. The study will contribute to the current understanding of the supportive measures for children with AD/HD, and hopefully help to mobilize more resources to preserve children with AD/HD's mental health.

The intervention program includes the following components:

Read more

Participants will be randomly assigned to the self-compassion intervention group or the waitlist control group. The intervention group consists of two parts: children training session and parent group sessions. All children participants will complete a total of 6 training sessions, and each session will last around 90 minutes. Parents of the children participants will also complete a total of 3 group sessions, and each session will last around 90 minutes.

To investigate the intervention effectiveness, children will be asked to complete a questionnaire assessing their levels of self-compassion, emotional regulation, as well as psychological well-being in terms of life satisfaction, positive and negative affect. Parents and teachers of participants will also be asked to complete a questionnaire covering children's emotional regulation, positive and negative affect. Questionnaire data collection will be conducted prior to the intervention (i.e., Time 1), immediately after the 6-session student and 3-session parent sessions (i.e., Time 2), and 2 months after the intervention (i.e., Time 3, a 2-month follow up). It takes approximately 20-30 minutes for children and parents to complete their questionnaires.

Study Objectives:

  1. To investigate the underlying mechanism of the relationship between AD/HD traits and psychological well-being
  2. To explore the effectiveness of self-compassion intervention on enhancing self-compassion and psychological well-being of children with AD/HD in Hong Kong

Hypotheses:

  1. AD/HD traits negatively predicts psychological well-being
  2. AD/HD traits positively predicts perceived criticism or rejection sensitivity
  3. Perceived criticism or rejective sensitivity negatively predicts psychological well-being
  4. Perceived criticism or rejective sensitivity mediates the relationship between AD/HD traits and psychological well-being
  5. Self-compassion moderates the relationship between perceived criticism or rejection sensitivity and psychological well-being
  6. Growth mindset moderates the relationship between perceived criticism or rejection sensitivity and psychological well-being
  7. Children with AD/HD from self-compassion intervention group yield greater improvement in self-compassion, emotional regulation and psychological well-being, than waitlist-control group.
Being tested
Self-Compassion Intervention
Medical subject headings
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Psychological Well-Being

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Self-Compassion InterventionBehavioural

    Also called My DEER Compassion

    Children participants are expected to learn the concepts of self-compassion and strategies of applying self-compassion to their daily lives.

Study groups in NCT06352801
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Self-Compassion Intervention GroupExperimentalThe intervention group consists of two parts: children training session and parent group sessions. All children participants will complete a total of 6 training sessions, and each session will last around 90 minutes. Parents of the children participants will also complete a total of 3 group sessions, and each session will last around 90 minutes. Participants will receive intervention in Phase 1.
Receives: Behavioral: Self-Compassion Intervention
Wait-list Control GroupNo interventionParticipants will receive the same intervention in Phase 2.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Self-Compassion Scale for Children (SCS-C)

    A scale consisting of 12 self-report items assessing children's self-compassion [Min. Value: 1; Max Value: 5 (with higher score indicating higher level of self-compassion)]

    Measured: Pre-intervention Assessment (within 4 weeks before the commencement of the intervention

  2. Self-Compassion Scale for Children (SCS-C)

    A scale consisting of 12 self-report items assessing children's self-compassion [Min. Value: 1; Max Value: 5 (with higher score indicating higher level of self-compassion)]

    Measured: Immediate Post-intervention Assessment (within 4 weeks after the completion of the intervention)]

  3. Self-Compassion Scale for Children (SCS-C)

    A scale consisting of 12 self-report items assessing children's self-compassion [Min. Value: 1; Max Value: 5 (with higher score indicating higher level of self-compassion)]

    Measured: Delayed Post-intervention Assessment (a 2-month follow up after the completion of the intervention)

  4. Behavioural ratings on children's executive functions

    Parents and teachers will be asked to complete Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF2) measuring a range of executive functions, including emotional regulation [Min. Value: 1; Max Value: 4 (with higher score indicating higher level of emotional regulation)]

    Measured: Pre-intervention Assessment (within 4 weeks before the commencement of the intervention

  5. Behavioural ratings on children's executive functions

    Parents and teachers will be asked to complete Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF2) measuring a range of executive functions, including emotional regulation [Min. Value: 1; Max Value: 4 (with higher score indicating higher level of emotional regulation)]

    Measured: Immediate Post-intervention Assessment (within 4 weeks after the completion of the intervention)]

  6. Behavioural ratings on children's executive functions

    Parents and teachers will be asked to complete Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF2) measuring a range of executive functions, including emotional regulation [Min. Value: 1; Max Value: 4 (with higher score indicating higher level of emotional regulation)]

    Measured: Delayed Post-intervention Assessment (a 2-month follow up after the completion of the intervention)

  7. Student's Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS)

    A scale consisting of 7 self-report items assessing children's life satisfaction [Min. Value: 1; Max Value: 6 (with higher score indicating higher level of life satisfaction)]

    Measured: Pre-intervention Assessment (within 4 weeks before the commencement of the intervention

  8. Student's Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS)

    A scale consisting of 7 self-report items assessing children's life satisfaction [Min. Value: 1; Max Value: 6 (with higher score indicating higher level of life satisfaction)]

    Measured: Immediate Post-intervention Assessment (within 4 weeks after the completion of the intervention)]

  9. Student's Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS)

    A scale consisting of 7 self-report items assessing children's life satisfaction [Min. Value: 1; Max Value: 6 (with higher score indicating higher level of life satisfaction)]

    Measured: Delayed Post-intervention Assessment (a 2-month follow up after the completion of the intervention)

  10. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C/P)

    The PANAS, is a self-reported adjective checklist that contains two 5-item subscales designed to measure positive and negative affect. Children, parents and teachers will be asked to complete the scale [Min. Value: 1; Max Value: 5 (with higher score indicating higher level of positive and negative affect)]

    Measured: Pre-intervention Assessment (within 4 weeks before the commencement of the intervention

  11. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C/P)

    The PANAS, is a self-reported adjective checklist that contains two 5-item subscales designed to measure positive and negative affect. Children, parents and teachers will be asked to complete the scale [Min. Value: 1; Max Value: 5 (with higher score indicating higher level of positive and negative affect)]

    Measured: Immediate Post-intervention Assessment (within 4 weeks after the completion of the intervention)]

  12. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C/P)

    The PANAS, is a self-reported adjective checklist that contains two 5-item subscales designed to measure positive and negative affect. Children, parents and teachers will be asked to complete the scale [Min. Value: 1; Max Value: 5 (with higher score indicating higher level of positive and negative affect)]

    Measured: Delayed Post-intervention Assessment (a 2-month follow up after the completion of the intervention)

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted8 Apr 2024
  2. Study start28 Dec 2023
  3. Primary completion30 Apr 2026
  4. Study completion30 Apr 2026

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
Intervention Group: In Phase 1, children participants receive a 6-session self-compassion intervention training, plus parents of the participants receive a 3-session parent group. once to twice a week, 90 minutes per session. Wait-list Control: receives the same intervention in Phase 2
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
96 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06352801
Sponsor's protocol ID
EA230530
Status last verified
Apr 2026
First submitted
2 Apr 2024
Last updated
15 May 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Undecided

Publications

  • Downey G, Lebolt A, Rinco´n C, Freitas AL (1998) Rejection sensitivity and children's interpersonal Dweck, C. S. (1999). Self-theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality, and Development. Psychology Press. Ebesutani, C., Regan, J., Smith, A., Reise, S., Higa-McMillan, C., & Chorpita, B. F. (2012). The 10-item positive and negative affect schedule for children, child and parent shortened versions: application of item response theory for more efficient assessment. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioural Assessment, 34, 191-203. Hooley, J. M., & Teasdale, J. D. (1989). Predictors of relapse in unipolar depressives: expressed emotion, marital distress, and perceived criticism. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98(3), 229. Huebner, E. S. (1991). Initial development of the student's life satisfaction scale. School Psychology International, 12(3), 231-240. Lai, K. Y., Leung, P. W., Luk, E. S., Wong, A. S., Law, L. S., & Ho, K. K. (2013). Validation of the Chinese strengths and weaknesses of ADHD-symptoms and normal-behaviours questionnaire in Hong Kong. Journal of Attention Disorders, 17(3), 194-202. Raes, F. (2010). Ruminating and worrying as mediators of the relationship between self-compassion and anxiety and ' depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 757-761.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Self-Compassion Intervention in people with ADHD and Self-Compassion, run by The University of Hong Kong at 1 site in Hong Kong.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Hong Kong. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Self-Compassion Scale for Children (SCS-C) (time frame: Pre-intervention Assessment (within 4 weeks before the commencement of the intervention). The study lists 12 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06352801, which also lists 1 linked publication.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 May 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 6 Nov 2026.

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