Uric Acid StonesPhase 1NCT06335537
Impact of Sodium Bicarbonate on 24-hour Urine Parameters in Hypocitriuric and Uric Acid Stone Formers
A Phase 1 study testing Potassium citrate and Sodium bicarbonate in people with Uric Acid Stones, run by University of California, Irvine at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The incidence of kidney stone disease continues to rise globally. Although the treatment of kidney stone disease has dramatically improved in recent years, surgical management remains invasive and expensive. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Uric Acid Stones
- What is being tested?
- Potassium citrate and Sodium bicarbonate
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 May 2025to Jul 2026
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- > 18 years of age and < 80 years of age,
- Hypocitriuric (<320 mg/24 hours), Calcium Oxalate Stone or Uric Acid stone formers, currently on Urocit-K therapy as the standard of care.
Who cannot join
- Male or female <18 years old or > 80 years old.
- Currently taking thiazides or ACE inhibitor medications
- Pregnant women.
- Women who are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed during study period
- History of abnormal renal function (defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2), active urinary tract infection, diabetes, cystinuria, renal tubular acidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhea, primary hyperparathyroidism, peptic ulcer disease.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
University of California, Irvine Medical Center
Orange, California, 92868
Renai Yoon, B.S., 7144565378, yoonrh@hs.uci.edu
About this study
The incidence of kidney stone disease continues to rise globally. Although the treatment of kidney stone disease has dramatically improved in recent years, surgical management remains invasive and expensive. Patients who develop kidney stones are at high risk of recurrence during their lifetime; therefore, prevention of stones should be a primary focus. Low levels of citrate and acidic urine are risk factors for the formation of kidney stones such as calcium oxalate and uric acid, respectively. Calcium oxalate stones are the predominant stone composition in the United States, accounting for over 2/3rds of stones. Citrate is a key inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal formation and thus increasing it in the urine of a calcium oxalate stone former is quite beneficial. Uric acid stones account for approximately 10 percent of all stone types. These stones form primarily due to an acidic urinary environment which is a prerequisite for crystal formation. Common medications for stone formers include potassium citrate which help to make the urine more alkaline. Although effective, these medications have side effects and may prove to be too expensive (upwards of $450/month). Consuming baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) may prove to be an inexpensive ($0.34/month) equally effective alternative with respect to increasing urinary citrate levels and alkalinizing the urine. Investigators hypothesize that twice a day oral baking soda in a liquid medium (e.g., water, orange juice, soda, etc.) can be an effective, and inexpensive alternative to urocit K with regard to alkalinizing the urine and raising urinary citrate levels.
Read the detailed description
The incidence and prevalence of kidney stone disease has continually increased in both developed and underdeveloped countries. With the surge in cases, the cost of treatment has also increased substantially. In 2014, it has been reported that treatment of kidney stones cost a total of 2.81 billion USD, and this is projected to increase by 1.24 billion USD per year. Although there has been great technological advancement in surgical treatment of kidney stones, such as minimally invasive surgery, the rate of recurrence is unfortunately high among stone formers, upwards of 50 percent at 5-10 years. Recurring stone disease results in more frequent surgical interventions and further expense. Thus, there is an increasing need for primary stone prevention.
Kidney stones have varying compositions with the most common being calcium oxalate. Uric acid stones are the third most common type of stone and account for 10 percent of all stone formers. One of the common abnormalities for patients with calcium oxalate stones, is low citrate levels in the urine. Citrate is the primary inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal formation, growth, and aggregation. As such, regimens to increase urinary citrate have been undertaken. The most common drug used in this regard is potassium citrate (i.e., Urocit K). While effective, the drug remains costly with prescription costs ranging as high as $450/month. With regard to uric acid stone formation, a prerequisite is an acidic urine given that the pKa for uric acid is a pH of 5.5; once the pH is above 6.0, uric acid stones do not form. Indeed, the uric acid stone is the only one that can be dissolved if one is able to raise the pH to 6.5 -7.0.
Current medical therapy for hypocitraturia in patients with calcium oxalate stones, is the use of a slow-release tablet of potassium citrate (e.g., UrocitK). Current medical therapy for uric acid stone formers is likewise potassium citrate as it will raise the urine pH. A prescription of potassium citrate with the typical dosage of 30 meq twice a day can cost the patient upwards of $450/month. Additionally, potassium citrate tablets are associated with adverse effects such as nausea and diarrhea with additional concerns with respect to the potassium load among patients with poor renal function. Furthermore, the wax matrix tablets are large in size and difficult to swallow.
Pinheiro et al. in a prior study demonstrated that sodium bicarbonate in tablet form at a dose of 60 milliequivalent (mEq) per day was comparable to Urocit-K in increasing urinary pH and urinary citrate levels in calcium stone forming hypocitriuric patients. The study was limited by a small sample size (n=16) and short duration of therapy (3 days). Despite these favorable results, over the ensuing decade, there has been minimal interest in the use of sodium bicarbonate as a preventative treatment in stone formers who are hypocitriuric or uric acid stone formers.
Baking soda is a common household item and is openly available throughout the world in most grocery stores. The main component of baking soda is sodium bicarbonate. Various studies have shown that a teaspoon of baking soda (4.8g) has an equivalent of 59 mEq of sodium bicarbonate. A pound of baking soda, or 96 teaspoons, costs $1 which reduces the cost of a daily dosage of 60 mEq to less than a penny. The cost of 60 mEq (seven 650 mg Pills) of Sodium Bicarbonate in pill form is 15 cents.
Investigators hypothesize that the use of baking soda in stone formers with calcium oxalate associated hypocitraturia or with uric acid stones will increase urinary citrate and increase urine pH to the benefit of both patient groups. If proven effective, this approach could markedly lower the risk of stone formation in calcium oxalate and uric acid stone formers, while providing an inexpensive solution on a global level to an otherwise very expensive and debilitating ailment.
- Conditions
- Uric Acid Stones
- Being tested
- Potassium citrate, Sodium bicarbonate
- Keywords
- uric acid, hypocitraturia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Potassium citrateDrug
Also called Urocit-K
Urocit-K 30 mEQ orally taken in the morning and evening.
Sodium bicarbonateDrug
Also called Baking Soda
Baking Soda dissolved in up to 250 mL of water ½ teaspoon (29.5 mEq) in the morning and ½ Teaspoon (29.5 mEq) in the evening.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Urocit-K, then Baking Soda | Experimental | After being off Urocit-K for two weeks, participants will collect two 24-hour urine tests to document hypocitraturia or low urine pH for calcium oxalate or uric acid stone formers, respectively. Participants will take Urocit-K 30 mEq AM and 30 mEq PM for four-weeks. During the last two days of the four-week drug period, two 24-hour urine collections will be obtained, and the participants will enter another washout period of two weeks before switching over to Baking Soda dissolved in up to 250 mL of water ½ teaspoon (29.5 mEq) in AM and ½ Teaspoon (29.5 mEq) in PM for four weeks. During the last two days of this study arm, two 24-hour urine collections will be obtained. A basic metabolic panel blood test will be obtained at the end of the study arm. Receives: Drug: Potassium citrate; Drug: Sodium bicarbonate |
| Baking Soda, then Urocit-K | Experimental | After being off Urocit-K for two weeks, participants will collect two 24-hour urine tests to document hypocitraturia or low urine pH for calcium oxalate or uric acid stone formers, respectively. Participants will take Baking Soda dissolved in up to 250 mL of water ½ teaspoon (29.5 mEq) in AM and ½ Teaspoon (29.5 mEq) in PM for four weeks. During the last two days of the four-week drug period, two 24-hour urine collections will be obtained, and the participants will enter another washout period of two weeks before switching over to Urocit-K 30 mEq AM and 30 mEq PM for four weeks. During the last two days of this study arm, two 24-hour urine collections will be obtained. A basic metabolic panel blood test will be obtained at the end of the study arm. Receives: Drug: Potassium citrate; Drug: Sodium bicarbonate |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in 24-hour Urinary pH
The first primary outcome will be the change in urinary pH determined from the 24-hour urine analysis test conducted by Litholink®.
Outcome variable: 24-hour urine pH greater than 6 (reference range from 5.8 to 6.2 pH).
Measured: 12 weeks
Change in 24-hour Urinary Citrate
The second primary outcome will be the change in urinary citrate determined from the 24-hour urine analysis test conducted by Litholink®.
Outcome variable: 24-hour urine citrate greater than 450 milligrams per 24-hour (320 to 1,240 milligrams per 24-hour).
Measured: 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes (2)
Change in Supersaturation of Calcium Oxalate
The first secondary outcome will be the change in urinary supersaturation, specifically calcium oxalate, determined from the 24-hour urine analysis test conducted by Litholink®.
Outcome variables: Supersaturation of calcium oxalate less than 4.00 supersaturation units (reference range from 6-10 supersaturation units).
Measured: 12 weeks
Change in Supersaturation of Uric acid
The second secondary outcome will be the change in urinary supersaturation, specifically uric acid, determined from the 24-hour urine analysis test conducted by Litholink®.
Outcome variables: Supersaturation of uric acid less than 1.00 supersaturation units (reference range from 0 to 1.00 supersaturation units).
Measured: 12 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Mar 2024
- Study start1 May 2025
- Primary completionJul 2026 (estimated)
- Study completionJul 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Uric Acid StonesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of California, IrvineThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- The following study will be a randomized cross-over trial evaluating the effects of baking soda and Urocit-K on 24-hour urinary parameters in hypocitrituric calcium oxalate and uric acid stone formers. All participants that consent to participate in the study will undergo the same tests. Participants will begin a 2-week washout period of Urocit-K as their standard of care. After completion of the washout period subjects will be randomized to take either Urocit-K or Baking Soda for 4 weeks. After participants undergo a secondary 2-week washout period, then they are assigned to medication not taken in the first study period for 4 weeks.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, Irvine
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Sohrab Naushad Ali, University of California, Irvine
- Investigators
- Ralph V Clayman, MD, Study director, University of California, IrvineSohrab N Ali, M.D, Principal investigator, University of California, Irvine
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06335537
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2405
- Status last verified
- Jun 2025
- First submitted
- 7 Mar 2024
- Last updated
- 24 Jun 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: There is no plan to share IPD.
Publications
Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG. Kidney stones: a global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Rev Urol. 2010 Spring;12(2-3):e86-96.
PubMed 20811557Chen Z, Prosperi M, Bird VY. Prevalence of kidney stones in the USA: The National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey. Journal of Clinical Urology. 2019;12(4):296-302. doi:10.1177/2051415818813820
Rule AD, Lieske JC, Li X, Melton LJ 3rd, Krambeck AE, Bergstralh EJ. The ROKS nomogram for predicting a second symptomatic stone episode. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Dec;25(12):2878-86. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013091011. Epub 2014 Aug 7.
PubMed 25104803Wiederkehr MR, Moe OW. Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis: A Systemic Metabolic Disorder. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab. 2011 Dec;9(3-4):207-217. doi: 10.1007/s12018-011-9106-6.
PubMed 25045326"Potassium Citrate Prices, Coupons & Savings Tips." GoodRx, www.goodrx.com/potassium-citrate.
Pinheiro VB, Baxmann AC, Tiselius HG, Heilberg IP. The effect of sodium bicarbonate upon urinary citrate excretion in calcium stone formers. Urology. 2013 Jul;82(1):33-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.03.002. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
PubMed 23602798ARM & HAMMER® Baking soda package. http://www.armandhammer.com/solutions/solution-53/Antacid.aspx.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Jun 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Impact of Sodium Bicarbonate on 24-hour Urine Parameters in Hypocitriuric and Uric Acid Stone Formers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06335537
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2405
- Conditions
- Uric Acid Stones
- Keywords
- uric acid, hypocitraturia
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, IrvineUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 May 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Jul 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jul 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 28 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The incidence of kidney stone disease continues to rise globally. Although the treatment of kidney stone disease has dramatically improved in recent years, surgical management remains invasive and expensive. Patients who develop kidney stones are at high risk of recurrence during their lifetime; therefore, prevention of stones should be a primary focus. Low levels of citrate and acidic urine are risk factors for the formation of kidney stones such as calcium oxalate and uric acid, respectively. Calcium oxalate stones are the predominant stone composition in the United States, accounting for over 2/3rds of stones. Citrate is a key inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal formation and thus increasing it in the urine of a calcium oxalate stone former is quite beneficial. Uric acid stones account for approximately 10 percent of all stone types. These stones form primarily due to an acidic urinary environment which is a prerequisite for crystal formation. Common medications for stone formers include potassium citrate which help to make the urine more alkaline. Although effective, these medications have side effects and may prove to be too expensive (upwards of $450/month). Consuming baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) may prove to be an inexpensive ($0.34/month) equally effective alternative with respect to increasing urinary citrate levels and alkalinizing the urine. Investigators hypothesize that twice a day oral baking soda in a liquid medium (e.g., water, orange juice, soda, etc.) can be an effective, and inexpensive alternative to urocit K with regard to alkalinizing the urine and raising urinary citrate levels.
Detailed description
The incidence and prevalence of kidney stone disease has continually increased in both developed and underdeveloped countries. With the surge in cases, the cost of treatment has also increased substantially. In 2014, it has been reported that treatment of kidney stones cost a total of 2.81 billion USD, and this is projected to increase by 1.24 billion USD per year. Although there has been great technological advancement in surgical treatment of kidney stones, such as minimally invasive surgery, the rate of recurrence is unfortunately high among stone formers, upwards of 50 percent at 5-10 years. Recurring stone disease results in more frequent surgical interventions and further expense. Thus, there is an increasing need for primary stone prevention.
Kidney stones have varying compositions with the most common being calcium oxalate. Uric acid stones are the third most common type of stone and account for 10 percent of all stone formers. One of the common abnormalities for patients with calcium oxalate stones, is low citrate levels in the urine. Citrate is the primary inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal formation, growth, and aggregation. As such, regimens to increase urinary citrate have been undertaken. The most common drug used in this regard is potassium citrate (i.e., Urocit K). While effective, the drug remains costly with prescription costs ranging as high as $450/month. With regard to uric acid stone formation, a prerequisite is an acidic urine given that the pKa for uric acid is a pH of 5.5; once the pH is above 6.0, uric acid stones do not form. Indeed, the uric acid stone is the only one that can be dissolved if one is able to raise the pH to 6.5 -7.0.
Current medical therapy for hypocitraturia in patients with calcium oxalate stones, is the use of a slow-release tablet of potassium citrate (e.g., UrocitK). Current medical therapy for uric acid stone formers is likewise potassium citrate as it will raise the urine pH. A prescription of potassium citrate with the typical dosage of 30 meq twice a day can cost the patient upwards of $450/month. Additionally, potassium citrate tablets are associated with adverse effects such as nausea and diarrhea with additional concerns with respect to the potassium load among patients with poor renal function. Furthermore, the wax matrix tablets are large in size and difficult to swallow.
Pinheiro et al. in a prior study demonstrated that sodium bicarbonate in tablet form at a dose of 60 milliequivalent (mEq) per day was comparable to Urocit-K in increasing urinary pH and urinary citrate levels in calcium stone forming hypocitriuric patients. The study was limited by a small sample size (n=16) and short duration of therapy (3 days). Despite these favorable results, over the ensuing decade, there has been minimal interest in the use of sodium bicarbonate as a preventative treatment in stone formers who are hypocitriuric or uric acid stone formers.
Baking soda is a common household item and is openly available throughout the world in most grocery stores. The main component of baking soda is sodium bicarbonate. Various studies have shown that a teaspoon of baking soda (4.8g) has an equivalent of 59 mEq of sodium bicarbonate. A pound of baking soda, or 96 teaspoons, costs $1 which reduces the cost of a daily dosage of 60 mEq to less than a penny. The cost of 60 mEq (seven 650 mg Pills) of Sodium Bicarbonate in pill form is 15 cents.
Investigators hypothesize that the use of baking soda in stone formers with calcium oxalate associated hypocitraturia or with uric acid stones will increase urinary citrate and increase urine pH to the benefit of both patient groups. If proven effective, this approach could markedly lower the risk of stone formation in calcium oxalate and uric acid stone formers, while providing an inexpensive solution on a global level to an otherwise very expensive and debilitating ailment.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The following study will be a randomized cross-over trial evaluating the effects of baking soda and Urocit-K on 24-hour urinary parameters in hypocitrituric calcium oxalate and uric acid stone formers. All participants that consent to participate in the study will undergo the same tests. Participants will begin a 2-week washout period of Urocit-K as their standard of care. After completion of the washout period subjects will be randomized to take either Urocit-K or Baking Soda for 4 weeks. After participants undergo a secondary 2-week washout period, then they are assigned to medication not taken in the first study period for 4 weeks.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Urocit-K, then Baking Soda | Experimental | Drug: Potassium citrate, Drug: Sodium bicarbonateAfter being off Urocit-K for two weeks, participants will collect two 24-hour urine tests to document hypocitraturia or low urine pH for calcium oxalate or uric acid stone formers, respectively. Participants will take Urocit-K 30 mEq AM and 30 mEq PM for four-weeks. During the last two days of the four-week drug period, two 24-hour urine collections will be obtained, and the participants will enter another washout period of two weeks before switching over to Baking Soda dissolved in up to 250 mL of water ½ teaspoon (29.5 mEq) in AM and ½ Teaspoon (29.5 mEq) in PM for four weeks. During the last two days of this study arm, two 24-hour urine collections will be obtained. A basic metabolic panel blood test will be obtained at the end of the study arm. |
| Baking Soda, then Urocit-K | Experimental | Drug: Potassium citrate, Drug: Sodium bicarbonateAfter being off Urocit-K for two weeks, participants will collect two 24-hour urine tests to document hypocitraturia or low urine pH for calcium oxalate or uric acid stone formers, respectively. Participants will take Baking Soda dissolved in up to 250 mL of water ½ teaspoon (29.5 mEq) in AM and ½ Teaspoon (29.5 mEq) in PM for four weeks. During the last two days of the four-week drug period, two 24-hour urine collections will be obtained, and the participants will enter another washout period of two weeks before switching over to Urocit-K 30 mEq AM and 30 mEq PM for four weeks. During the last two days of this study arm, two 24-hour urine collections will be obtained. A basic metabolic panel blood test will be obtained at the end of the study arm. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- > 18 years of age and < 80 years of age,
- Hypocitriuric (<320 mg/24 hours), Calcium Oxalate Stone or Uric Acid stone formers, currently on Urocit-K therapy as the standard of care.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Male or female <18 years old or > 80 years old.
- Currently taking thiazides or ACE inhibitor medications
- Pregnant women.
- Women who are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed during study period
- History of abnormal renal function (defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2), active urinary tract infection, diabetes, cystinuria, renal tubular acidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhea, primary hyperparathyroidism, peptic ulcer disease.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Potassium citrateAlso: Urocit-KUrocit-K 30 mEQ orally taken in the morning and evening. | Drug | Baking Soda, then Urocit-K, Urocit-K, then Baking Soda |
| Sodium bicarbonateAlso: Baking SodaBaking Soda dissolved in up to 250 mL of water ½ teaspoon (29.5 mEq) in the morning and ½ Teaspoon (29.5 mEq) in the evening. | Drug | Baking Soda, then Urocit-K, Urocit-K, then Baking Soda |
Primary outcome
Change in 24-hour Urinary pH
Time frame: 12 weeks
The first primary outcome will be the change in urinary pH determined from the 24-hour urine analysis test conducted by Litholink®. Outcome variable: 24-hour urine pH greater than 6 (reference range from 5.8 to 6.2 pH).
Change in 24-hour Urinary Citrate
Time frame: 12 weeks
The second primary outcome will be the change in urinary citrate determined from the 24-hour urine analysis test conducted by Litholink®. Outcome variable: 24-hour urine citrate greater than 450 milligrams per 24-hour (320 to 1,240 milligrams per 24-hour).
2 secondary outcomes
Change in Supersaturation of Calcium Oxalate
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change in Supersaturation of Uric acid
Time frame: 12 weeks
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Jun 2025.
- Background: PubMed 20811557Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG. Kidney stones: a global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Rev Urol. 2010 Spring;12(2-3):e86-96.
- BackgroundChen Z, Prosperi M, Bird VY. Prevalence of kidney stones in the USA: The National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey. Journal of Clinical Urology. 2019;12(4):296-302. doi:10.1177/2051415818813820
- Background: PubMed 25104803Rule AD, Lieske JC, Li X, Melton LJ 3rd, Krambeck AE, Bergstralh EJ. The ROKS nomogram for predicting a second symptomatic stone episode. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Dec;25(12):2878-86. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013091011. Epub 2014 Aug 7.
- Background: PubMed 25045326Wiederkehr MR, Moe OW. Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis: A Systemic Metabolic Disorder. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab. 2011 Dec;9(3-4):207-217. doi: 10.1007/s12018-011-9106-6.
- Background"Potassium Citrate Prices, Coupons & Savings Tips." GoodRx, www.goodrx.com/potassium-citrate.
- Background: PubMed 23602798Pinheiro VB, Baxmann AC, Tiselius HG, Heilberg IP. The effect of sodium bicarbonate upon urinary citrate excretion in calcium stone formers. Urology. 2013 Jul;82(1):33-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.03.002. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
- BackgroundARM & HAMMER® Baking soda package. http://www.armandhammer.com/solutions/solution-53/Antacid.aspx.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. There is no plan to share IPD.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Ralph V Clayman, MD study director
University of California, Irvine
Sohrab N Ali, M.D principal investigator
University of California, Irvine
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1 study testing Potassium citrate and Sodium bicarbonate in people with Uric Acid Stones, run by University of California, Irvine at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Jun 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Sohrab N Ali, M.D (7145062352, sohrabna@hs.uci.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in 24-hour Urinary pH (time frame: 12 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06335537, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Jun 2025.