Interpersonal ViolenceNCT06246773
Feasibility of a Positive Parenting Program for Women Experiencing Homelessness Who Have a History of Interpersonal Violence
A study testing Positive Parenting Program in people with Interpersonal Violence and Homelessness, run by The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to strengthen the skills and self-efficacy of women by addressing the social and emotional trauma that they have experienced from interpersonal violence (IPRV) and homelessness and to promote positive parenting strategies through Play and Learning Strategies (PALS), an evidence based… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 years and older, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Interpersonal Violence, Homelessness
- What is being tested?
- Positive Parenting Program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 28 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 26 Mar 2024to 24 Oct 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 years and older
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- report of at least one physically violent act from a partner within the past 24 months
- have at least one child 5 years or younger.
Who cannot join
- do not speak English
- their intimate partner is physically present at the time of enrollment
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Houston, Texas, 77030
About this study
Official title: Feasibility of a Positive Parenting Program for Women Experiencing Homelessness Who Have a History of Interpersonal Violence: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The purpose of this study is to strengthen the skills and self-efficacy of women by addressing the social and emotional trauma that they have experienced from interpersonal violence (IPRV) and homelessness and to promote positive parenting strategies through Play and Learning Strategies (PALS), an evidence based intervention.
- Conditions
- Interpersonal Violence, Homelessness
- Being tested
- Positive Parenting Program, Usual Care
- Keywords
- Women experiencing homelessness (WEH), Positive Parenting
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Positive Parenting ProgramBehavioural
During the first week, women will receive one session of Recovering from Intimate partner violence through Strengths and Empowerment (RISE) and from week 2 they will receive RISE and PALS simultaneously. Participants will receive four to six components of RISE - education on health effects of violence, improving coping and self-care, enhancing social support, and addressing sexual violence, increase safety planning, and assist in making difficult decisions. During each of the PALS sessions, parents will receive instruction on four responsive parenting constructs: contingent responsiveness, warm sensitivity (responses include high levels of affection and understanding of child states), maintaining vs. redirecting attention to objects and topics of conversation, and verbal scaffolding .In addition to direct instruction, parents will video-record themselves interacting with their child and engage in self-reflection of their own parenting behavior.
Usual CareBehavioural
Participants will receive services available to them at the shelter or housing facility
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Positive Parenting Program | Experimental | Not described Receives: Behavioral: Positive Parenting Program |
| Usual Care | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Behavioral: Usual Care |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Women's parenting stress as assessed by the Parental Stress scale (PSS)
This is an 18 item questionnaire and each is scored on a 5 point scale from 1(strongly disagree) to (5strongly agree) for a score range of 18-90, higher score indicating more stress
Measured: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
Change in social support as assessed by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Item Bank v 2.0 Emotional Support
The PROMIS emotional support tool has 16 items and the participants respond each item using a 5-point rating scale from 1(never)-5(always) a higher score indicating more emotional support
Measured: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
Change in social support as assessed by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Item Bank v 2.0 Informational Support
The PROMIS informational support is a 10 items and participants respond each item using a 5-point rating scale (Health Measures) anchored by 1(never)-5(always) with a higher score indicating a better outcome
Measured: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
Change in women's empowerment as assessed by the Personal Progress Scale-Revised (PPS-R)
PPS-R is a 28-item self-report measure on which participants rate the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with each item on a 7-point scale.
Measured: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
Change in self efficacy as assessed by the General Self- Efficacy Scale (GSE)
GSE is a 10 item scale. Participants respond to statements such as "I can solve most problems if I invest the necessary effort" on a 4-point Likert scale anchored by 1(not at all true)-4( exactly true),the total score ranges between 10 and 40, with a higher score indicating more self-efficacy.
Measured: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
Change in parent satisfaction as assessed by the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC)
The PSOC is a 17-item scale and each item is rated on a 6-point Likert scale anchored by 1(strongly disagree to 6( strongly agree).A higher score indicates a higher parenting sense of competency
Measured: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
Change in children's behavior as assessed by the Devereux Early Childhood Assessments (DECA)-Infant
DECA (Infant) is a 33 item questionnaire for parents about their infants (1month-18 months) It is a 5 point behavior rating scale scored from never to very frequently which provides an assessment of within-child protective factors central to social and emotional health and resilience.
Measured: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
Change in children's behavior as assessed by the Devereux Early Childhood Assessments (DECA)-Toddler
DECA (Toddler) is a 36 item questionnaire. It is a 5 point behavior rating scale scored from never to very frequently which provides an assessment of within-child protective factors central to social and emotional health and resilience.
Measured: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
Change in children's behavior as assessed by the Devereux Early Childhood Assessments (DECA)-Preschoolers
DECA (preschoolers) is a 38 item questionnaire. It is a 5 point behavior rating scale scored from never to very frequently which provides an assessment of within-child protective factors central to social and emotional health and resilience
Measured: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
Change in perceived parent child connectedness as assessed by the Mothers Object Relational Scale- Short Form (MORS- SF) and MORS- Child scale.
This measures mothers' perception on 2 scales: warmth and invasiveness. This is a 14 item scale and each item is scored from 0( never)-5(always).Warmth is scored by adding the scores from items 1,3,4,6,8,11,and 13, for an average score of 29 a higher score indicating more warmth.
Invasiveness is scored by adding the scores of items 2,5,7,9,10.12.and 14, an average score of 10 and higher score indicates worse outcome.
Measured: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
Secondary outcomes (1)
Change in usability assessed by the System Usability Scale (SUS)
This is a 10-item questionnaire and each is scored from 5 (strongly agree) to 1 (strongly disagree), maximum score range is 0-100, higher number indicating better usability.
Measured: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Feb 2024
- Study start26 Mar 2024
- Primary completion24 Oct 2025
- Study completion24 Oct 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Interpersonal ViolenceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Rita & Alex Hillman Foundation
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Doncy Eapen, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
- Investigators
- Doncy J Eapen, PhD, MSN, APRN, FNP-BC, Principal investigator, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06246773
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HSC-SN-23-1086
- Status last verified
- Apr 2026
- First submitted
- 30 Jan 2024
- Last updated
- 7 Apr 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Feasibility of a Positive Parenting Program for Women Experiencing Homelessness Who Have a History of Interpersonal Violence: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06246773
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HSC-SN-23-1086
- Conditions
- Interpersonal Violence, Homelessness
- Keywords
- Women experiencing homelessness (WEH), Positive Parenting
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, HoustonUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Rita & Alex Hillman Foundation
- Study start
- 26 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 24 Oct 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 24 Oct 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to strengthen the skills and self-efficacy of women by addressing the social and emotional trauma that they have experienced from interpersonal violence (IPRV) and homelessness and to promote positive parenting strategies through Play and Learning Strategies (PALS), an evidence based intervention.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Positive Parenting Program | Experimental | Behavioral: Positive Parenting Program |
| Usual Care | Active comparator | Behavioral: Usual Care |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- report of at least one physically violent act from a partner within the past 24 months
- have at least one child 5 years or younger.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- do not speak English
- their intimate partner is physically present at the time of enrollment
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Positive Parenting ProgramDuring the first week, women will receive one session of Recovering from Intimate partner violence through Strengths and Empowerment (RISE) and from week 2 they will receive RISE and PALS simultaneously. Participants will receive four to six components of RISE - education on health effects of violence, improving coping and self-care, enhancing social support, and addressing sexual violence, increase safety planning, and assist in making difficult decisions. During each of the PALS sessions, parents will receive instruction on four responsive parenting constructs: contingent responsiveness, warm sensitivity (responses include high levels of affection and understanding of child states), maintaining vs. redirecting attention to objects and topics of conversation, and verbal scaffolding .In addition to direct instruction, parents will video-record themselves interacting with their child and engage in self-reflection of their own parenting behavior. | Behavioural | Positive Parenting Program |
| Usual CareParticipants will receive services available to them at the shelter or housing facility | Behavioural | Usual Care |
Primary outcome
Change in Women's parenting stress as assessed by the Parental Stress scale (PSS)
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
This is an 18 item questionnaire and each is scored on a 5 point scale from 1(strongly disagree) to (5strongly agree) for a score range of 18-90, higher score indicating more stress
Change in social support as assessed by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Item Bank v 2.0 Emotional Support
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
The PROMIS emotional support tool has 16 items and the participants respond each item using a 5-point rating scale from 1(never)-5(always) a higher score indicating more emotional support
Change in social support as assessed by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Item Bank v 2.0 Informational Support
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
The PROMIS informational support is a 10 items and participants respond each item using a 5-point rating scale (Health Measures) anchored by 1(never)-5(always) with a higher score indicating a better outcome
Change in women's empowerment as assessed by the Personal Progress Scale-Revised (PPS-R)
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
PPS-R is a 28-item self-report measure on which participants rate the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with each item on a 7-point scale.
Change in self efficacy as assessed by the General Self- Efficacy Scale (GSE)
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
GSE is a 10 item scale. Participants respond to statements such as "I can solve most problems if I invest the necessary effort" on a 4-point Likert scale anchored by 1(not at all true)-4( exactly true),the total score ranges between 10 and 40, with a higher score indicating more self-efficacy.
Change in parent satisfaction as assessed by the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC)
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
The PSOC is a 17-item scale and each item is rated on a 6-point Likert scale anchored by 1(strongly disagree to 6( strongly agree).A higher score indicates a higher parenting sense of competency
Change in children's behavior as assessed by the Devereux Early Childhood Assessments (DECA)-Infant
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
DECA (Infant) is a 33 item questionnaire for parents about their infants (1month-18 months) It is a 5 point behavior rating scale scored from never to very frequently which provides an assessment of within-child protective factors central to social and emotional health and resilience.
Change in children's behavior as assessed by the Devereux Early Childhood Assessments (DECA)-Toddler
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
DECA (Toddler) is a 36 item questionnaire. It is a 5 point behavior rating scale scored from never to very frequently which provides an assessment of within-child protective factors central to social and emotional health and resilience.
Change in children's behavior as assessed by the Devereux Early Childhood Assessments (DECA)-Preschoolers
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
DECA (preschoolers) is a 38 item questionnaire. It is a 5 point behavior rating scale scored from never to very frequently which provides an assessment of within-child protective factors central to social and emotional health and resilience
Change in perceived parent child connectedness as assessed by the Mothers Object Relational Scale- Short Form (MORS- SF) and MORS- Child scale.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
This measures mothers' perception on 2 scales: warmth and invasiveness. This is a 14 item scale and each item is scored from 0( never)-5(always).Warmth is scored by adding the scores from items 1,3,4,6,8,11,and 13, for an average score of 29 a higher score indicating more warmth. Invasiveness is scored by adding the scores of items 2,5,7,9,10.12.and 14, an average score of 10 and higher score indicates worse outcome.
1 secondary outcome
Change in usability assessed by the System Usability Scale (SUS)
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Apr 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Doncy J Eapen, PhD, MSN, APRN, FNP-BC principal investigator
The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Positive Parenting Program in people with Interpersonal Violence and Homelessness, run by The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Women's parenting stress as assessed by the Parental Stress scale (PSS) (time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention(about 6 weeks after baseline), One month after end of intervention and 3 months after end of intervention intervention). The study lists 10 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Apr 2026.