PHOENIX: Craving Management Smartphone Application

The cravings will be informed by the patient during craving episodes via the PHOENIX application or the electronic journal

The cravings will be informed by the patient during craving episodes via the PHOENIX application or the electronic journal

Measurement of craving intensity with an analog visual scale (AVS) between 0 (no craving) and 10 (maximum imaginable craving), informed during craving episodes by the patient via the PHOENIX application or the electronic journal. Over the last 15 days before the visit at 0, 3 and 12 months

Addictive behaviors will be informed via the phoenix application or the electronic journal

Addictive behaviors will be informed via the phoenix application or the electronic journal

Addictive behaviors will be informed via the phoenix application or the electronic journal

Severity of the disorder assessed by the number of diagnostic criteria for addictive substance disorder or pathological gambling on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of mental disorders (DSM-5).

Severity of the food addiction for bulimia nervosa is assessed by the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS).

The YFAS assesses addiction-like eating of palatable foods based on the 11 diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). No Food Addiction = 0-1 symptoms/score; Mild Food Addiction = 2 or 3 symptom/score; Moderate Food Addiction = 4 or 5 symptom/score; Severe Food Addiction = 6 or higher symptom/score

Severity of the disorder assessed by the number of positive responses in the Carnes criteria. Carnes criteria consists of 25 yes/no questions. If the answer is "yes" to 13 or more questions, the patient can be diagnosed as a sex addict (range: 0-25).

Impulsivity is assessed using the UPPS scale (Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation seeking. The UPPS impulsivity scale is a 45-item self-questionnaire that measures impulsivity by exploring: urgency (12 items: range 12-48), lack of forethought (11 items; range:11-44), lack of perseverance (10 items; range:10-40) and sensation seeking (12 items; range:12-48). For each subdimension, a high score indicates a high level of impulsivity.

The strategies will be provided through the application or the electronic journal

The multidimensional evaluation of coping is carried out using the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE) ,28-item self-questionnaire. The Brief COPE contains 28 statements and 14 scales, each consisting of 2 statements. It is a self-administered questionnaire. It is available in 2 formats: 1) dispositional, which is designed to assess how people habitually respond to stressful situations, and 2) situational, which is designed to assess how people responded to a specific event or context that has recently become a source of stress. Only the verb tense varies between statements in the two formats.

The respondent uses a 4-point scale to give his/her answer to each statement: 1 - not at all; 2 - a little; 3 - a lot; 4 - completely.

The answers obtained are added together for each scale. Higher scores on a scale indicate greater use of this coping mechanism.

The anxiety assessment is carried out using Beck's inventory for anxiety (BAI). The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory used to measure the severity of anxiety. The questions used in this measure ask to describe common symptoms of anxiety that the subject has experienced in the last week (including the day on which the measure is taken).

The BAI contains 21 questions, each answer being scored on a scale value of 0 (not at all) to 3 (severely). Higher total scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms.

The standardized cutoffs are:

0-7: Minimal 8-15: Mild 16-25: Moderate 26-63: Severe

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), is a multiple-choice self-report inventory for measuring the severity of depression.

The BDI, consisted of twenty-one questions about how the subject has been feeling in the last week. Each question had a set of at least four possible responses, ranging in intensity:

(0) I do not feel sad

1. I feel sad.
2. I am sad all the time, and I cannot snap out of it.
3. I am so sad or unhappy that I cannot stand it.

When the test is scored, a value of 0 to 3 is assigned for each answer, and then the total score determines the depression's severity. The standard cut-off scores were as follows:

0-9: indicates minimal depression 10-18: indicates mild depression 19-29: indicates moderate depression 30-63: indicates severe depression. Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.

The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL26) assesses subjective health-related quality of life in a 26-item self-administered questionnaire.

The WHOQOL26 scale investigates the quality of life in four domains: physical health (7 items), psychological health (6 items), social relationships (3 items) and environmental health (8 items); it also contains QOL and general health items. Each item of the WHOQOL26 is scored on a five-point ordinal scale. The scores are then linearly transformed into a 0-100 scale.

The Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory assesses general, professional, social and family self-esteem; the total is the sum of these four components. The test comprises 58 items; the responses are "looks like me" or "doesn't look like me." The score is composed of several subscales: General (26 items), Social (8 items), Professional (8 items), Family (8 items) and Lie (8 items). The total score (50 items) is obtained by summing the General, Social, Professional and Family subscales. The Lying scale is more of a social desirability scale used to assess patient authenticity in general assessment.

Number of hospitalization days related to addiction

Number of emergency department accesses related to addiction