Spasticity/ParesisPhase 3NCT06128616
Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Children With Cerebral Palsy
A Phase 3 study testing ESWT, Botulinum Toxin Type A and Serial Casting in people with Spasticity/Paresis and Cerebral Palsy, run by Kocaeli University.
Trial summary
Spastic plantar and palmar flexion deformities are very common in children with cerebral palsy (CP). These deformities usually involve spasticity of the plantar or palmar muscle complexes, weakness of the antagonist dorsiflexor muscles of the ankle or wrist, and also involve soft tissue/muscle contractures and require… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 3 to 17 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Spasticity/Paresis, Cerebral Palsy
- What is being tested?
- ESWT, Botulinum Toxin Type A and Serial Casting
- Type of treatment
- Medical device, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- Nov 2023to Sep 2024
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 3 to 17 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Having a diagnosis of CP according to Rosenbaum criteria, presenting plantar or palmar flexion deformity, having a Modified Ashworth Scale score of 3 in plantar or palmar flexor muscle groups, being scheduled for BoNT-A treatment, intermittent serial casting and physical or occupational therapy
Who cannot join
- Having cognitive dysfunction, having a history of orthopedic surgery, presenting significant dystonia, having vascular disease, fracture, or dislocation
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet.
About this study
Official title: Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Integrated to Combined Treatment of Botulinum Toxin A and Serial Casting in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Spastic plantar and palmar flexion deformities are very common in children with cerebral palsy (CP). These deformities usually involve spasticity of the plantar or palmar muscle complexes, weakness of the antagonist dorsiflexor muscles of the ankle or wrist, and also involve soft tissue/muscle contractures and require a multimodal treatment approach. Physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), serial casting (SC), and botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections had shown positive results in both of these deformities. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses showed that extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is effective in reducing spasticity, pain intensity, and increasing range of motion and motor function when combined with PT or BoNT-A injections in neurological conditions like stroke, CP, multiple sclerosis. ESWT can be a complimentary therapy to obtain an earlier efficacy, better efficacy, a sustained effect for a longer period, and less adverse events. The objective of this study was to show the effects of ESWT when combined with intermittent SC, BoNT-A injections and PT or OT on spasticity, passive range of motion (pROM) of children with CP having spastic equinus foot deformity or wrist palmar flexion deformity.
Read the detailed description
Spasticity is one of the most common motor disorder which may slowly cause soft tissue contractures in children with CP. Spastic plantar and palmar flexion deformities are very common in children with CP. These deformities usually involve spasticity of the plantar or palmar muscle complexes, weakness of the antagonist dorsiflexor muscles of the ankle or wrist, and also involve soft tissue/muscle contractures. PT, OT, SC, and BoNT-A injections had shown positive results in both of these deformities. Skin irritation or breakdown, painful episodes, oedema, tendonitis, weakness, stiffness are some of the side effects reported after SC. Moreover casting especially when prolonged might complicate activities of daily living for instance by increasing the risk of falls or causing problems in bathing. Recent evidence from literature favors early, goal oriented, activity based, intensive, repetitive motor trainings in enriched environments to optimize neuroplasticity in children with CP. Prolonged SC might also interfere with these activity based, intensive rehabilitation options for upper extremity. In order to overcome the issues with patient compliance, side effects and combined treatment options an intermittent SC model was developed and used both for children with CP presenting equines foot deformity or palmar flexion deformity. Combined management of intermittent SC, and BoNT-A injections had shown better results compared to either treatment alone in both of these deformities. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses showed that ESWT is effective in reducing spasticity, pain intensity, and increasing range of motion and motor function when combined with PT or BoNT-A injections in neurological conditions like stroke, CP, multiple sclerosis. ESWT can be a complementary therapy to obtain an earlier efficacy, better efficacy, a sustained effect for a longer period, and less adverse events.
The objective of this study was to show the effects of ESWT when combined with intermittent SC, BoNT-A injections and PT or OT on spasticity, passive range of motion (pROM) of children with CP having spastic equinus foot deformity or wrist palmar flexion deformity.
- Conditions
- Spasticity/Paresis, Cerebral Palsy
- Being tested
- ESWT, Botulinum Toxin Type A, Serial Casting, Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy
- Keywords
- Spasticity, Cerebral Palsy, Botulinum toxin A, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy, Casting
- Medical subject headings
- Muscle Spasticity, Paresis, Cerebral Palsy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ESWTDevice
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy
Also called Botox
Botulinum Toxin Type A
Serial CastingOther
Serial Casting
Physical TherapyBehavioural
Physical Therapy
Occupational TherapyBehavioural
Occupational Therapy
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| ESWT Group | Experimental | Patients treated by BoNT-A, intermittent SC and ESWT, whom received either PT or OT Receives: Device: ESWT; Drug: Botulinum Toxin Type A; Other: Serial Casting; Behavioral: Physical Therapy; Behavioral: Occupational Therapy |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Patients treated by BoNT-A, and intermittent SC, whom received either PT or OT Receives: Drug: Botulinum Toxin Type A; Other: Serial Casting; Behavioral: Physical Therapy; Behavioral: Occupational Therapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Mean change from baseline Tardieu XV3 angle
Spasticity measurement
Measured: Post-treatment weeks 4-6
Mean change from baseline passive range of movement
Soft tissue contracture measurement
Measured: Post-treatment weeks 12-20
Secondary outcomes (2)
Goal Attainment Scale-Light
Attainment of treatment goals 5 point scale ranging from -2 to 2, higher score representing better outcome
Measured: Post-treatment weeks 4-12-20
Faces Pain Scale
Assessment of pain by a visual 6 point scale ranging from 0 to 10, 0 representing no pain, 10 representing most excruciating pain
Measured: Post-treatment weeks 4-12-20
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Nov 2023
- Study startNov 2023 (estimated)
- Primary completionJun 2024 (estimated)
- Study completionSep 2024 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Spasticity/ParesisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kocaeli University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Nigar Dursun, Kocaeli University
- Investigators
- Nigar Dursun, MD, Principal investigator, Kocaeli Universitesi
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06128616
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KAEK/16.bI.06
- Status last verified
- Nov 2023
- First submitted
- 8 Nov 2023
- Last updated
- 18 Nov 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Carranza-Del Rio J, Dursun N, Cekmece C, Bonikowski M, Pyrzanowska W, Dabrowski E, Tilton A, Oleszek J, Volteau M, Page S, Shierk A, Delgado MR. Goal Attainment after Treatment with Abobotulinumtoxina and a Tailored Home Therapy Programme in Children with Upper Limb Spasticity: Descriptive, Exploratory Analysis of a Large Randomized, Controlled Study. J Rehabil Med. 2022 Dec 9;54:jrm00349. doi: 10.2340/jrm.v54.2540.
PubMed 36306168Dursun N, Gokbel T, Akarsu M, Bonikowski M, Pyrzanowska W, Dursun E. Intermittent serial casting for wrist flexion deformity in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2021 Jun;63(6):743-747. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14765. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
PubMed 33483965Delgado MR, Tilton A, Carranza-Del Rio J, Dursun N, Bonikowski M, Aydin R, Maciag-Tymecka I, Oleszek J, Dabrowski E, Grandoulier AS, Picaut P; Dysport in PUL study group. Efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxinA for upper limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized repeat-treatment study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2021 May;63(5):592-600. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14733. Epub 2020 Nov 18.
PubMed 33206382Dursun N, Gokbel T, Akarsu M, Dursun E. Randomized Controlled Trial on Effectiveness of Intermittent Serial Casting on Spastic Equinus Foot in Children with Cerebral Palsy After Botulinum Toxin-A Treatment. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Apr;96(4):221-225. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000627.
PubMed 27631386Delgado MR, Tilton A, Russman B, Benavides O, Bonikowski M, Carranza J, Dabrowski E, Dursun N, Gormley M, Jozwiak M, Matthews D, Maciag-Tymecka I, Unlu E, Pham E, Tse A, Picaut P. AbobotulinumtoxinA for Equinus Foot Deformity in Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics. 2016 Feb;137(2):e20152830. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-2830. Epub 2016 Jan 26.
PubMed 26812925Dursun N, Bonikowski M, Dabrowski E, Matthews D, Gormley M, Tilton A, Carranza J, Grandoulier AS, Picaut P, Delgado MR. Efficacy of Repeat AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport(R)) Injections in Improving Gait in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Dev Neurorehabil. 2020 Aug;23(6):368-374. doi: 10.1080/17518423.2019.1687602. Epub 2019 Nov 6.
PubMed 31691605Chang MC, Choo YJ, Kwak SG, Nam K, Kim SY, Lee HJ, Kwak S. Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Controlling Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Timing of Outcome Measurement. Children (Basel). 2023 Feb 9;10(2):332. doi: 10.3390/children10020332.
PubMed 36832460Mihai EE, Popescu MN, Iliescu AN, Berteanu M. A systematic review on extracorporeal shock wave therapy and botulinum toxin for spasticity treatment: a comparison on efficacy. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2022 Aug;58(4):565-574. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.22.07136-2. Epub 2022 Apr 12.
PubMed 35412036Kwon DR, Kwon DG. Botulinum Toxin a Injection Combined with Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: Shear Wave Sonoelastographic Findings in the Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle, Preliminary Study. Children (Basel). 2021 Nov 17;8(11):1059. doi: 10.3390/children8111059.
PubMed 34828772
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Nov 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Integrated to Combined Treatment of Botulinum Toxin A and Serial Casting in Children With Cerebral Palsy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06128616
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- KAEK/16.bI.06
- Conditions
- Spasticity/Paresis, Cerebral Palsy
- Keywords
- Spasticity, Cerebral Palsy, Botulinum toxin A, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy, Casting
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Kocaeli UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Nov 2023 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Jun 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Sep 2024 (estimated)
- First posted
- 13 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Spastic plantar and palmar flexion deformities are very common in children with cerebral palsy (CP). These deformities usually involve spasticity of the plantar or palmar muscle complexes, weakness of the antagonist dorsiflexor muscles of the ankle or wrist, and also involve soft tissue/muscle contractures and require a multimodal treatment approach. Physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), serial casting (SC), and botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections had shown positive results in both of these deformities. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses showed that extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is effective in reducing spasticity, pain intensity, and increasing range of motion and motor function when combined with PT or BoNT-A injections in neurological conditions like stroke, CP, multiple sclerosis. ESWT can be a complimentary therapy to obtain an earlier efficacy, better efficacy, a sustained effect for a longer period, and less adverse events. The objective of this study was to show the effects of ESWT when combined with intermittent SC, BoNT-A injections and PT or OT on spasticity, passive range of motion (pROM) of children with CP having spastic equinus foot deformity or wrist palmar flexion deformity.
Detailed description
Spasticity is one of the most common motor disorder which may slowly cause soft tissue contractures in children with CP. Spastic plantar and palmar flexion deformities are very common in children with CP. These deformities usually involve spasticity of the plantar or palmar muscle complexes, weakness of the antagonist dorsiflexor muscles of the ankle or wrist, and also involve soft tissue/muscle contractures. PT, OT, SC, and BoNT-A injections had shown positive results in both of these deformities. Skin irritation or breakdown, painful episodes, oedema, tendonitis, weakness, stiffness are some of the side effects reported after SC. Moreover casting especially when prolonged might complicate activities of daily living for instance by increasing the risk of falls or causing problems in bathing. Recent evidence from literature favors early, goal oriented, activity based, intensive, repetitive motor trainings in enriched environments to optimize neuroplasticity in children with CP. Prolonged SC might also interfere with these activity based, intensive rehabilitation options for upper extremity. In order to overcome the issues with patient compliance, side effects and combined treatment options an intermittent SC model was developed and used both for children with CP presenting equines foot deformity or palmar flexion deformity. Combined management of intermittent SC, and BoNT-A injections had shown better results compared to either treatment alone in both of these deformities. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses showed that ESWT is effective in reducing spasticity, pain intensity, and increasing range of motion and motor function when combined with PT or BoNT-A injections in neurological conditions like stroke, CP, multiple sclerosis. ESWT can be a complementary therapy to obtain an earlier efficacy, better efficacy, a sustained effect for a longer period, and less adverse events.
The objective of this study was to show the effects of ESWT when combined with intermittent SC, BoNT-A injections and PT or OT on spasticity, passive range of motion (pROM) of children with CP having spastic equinus foot deformity or wrist palmar flexion deformity.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| ESWT Group | Experimental | Device: ESWT, Drug: Botulinum Toxin Type A, Other: Serial Casting, Behavioral: Physical Therapy, Behavioral: Occupational TherapyPatients treated by BoNT-A, intermittent SC and ESWT, whom received either PT or OT |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Drug: Botulinum Toxin Type A, Other: Serial Casting, Behavioral: Physical Therapy, Behavioral: Occupational TherapyPatients treated by BoNT-A, and intermittent SC, whom received either PT or OT |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 3 to 17 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Having a diagnosis of CP according to Rosenbaum criteria, presenting plantar or palmar flexion deformity, having a Modified Ashworth Scale score of 3 in plantar or palmar flexor muscle groups, being scheduled for BoNT-A treatment, intermittent serial casting and physical or occupational therapy
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Having cognitive dysfunction, having a history of orthopedic surgery, presenting significant dystonia, having vascular disease, fracture, or dislocation
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ESWTExtracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy | Device | ESWT Group |
| Botulinum Toxin Type AAlso: BotoxBotulinum Toxin Type A | Drug | Control Group, ESWT Group |
| Serial CastingSerial Casting | Other | Control Group, ESWT Group |
| Physical TherapyPhysical Therapy | Behavioural | Control Group, ESWT Group |
| Occupational TherapyOccupational Therapy | Behavioural | Control Group, ESWT Group |
Primary outcome
Mean change from baseline Tardieu XV3 angle
Time frame: Post-treatment weeks 4-6
Spasticity measurement
Mean change from baseline passive range of movement
Time frame: Post-treatment weeks 12-20
Soft tissue contracture measurement
2 secondary outcomes
Goal Attainment Scale-Light
Time frame: Post-treatment weeks 4-12-20
Faces Pain Scale
Time frame: Post-treatment weeks 4-12-20
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Nov 2023.
- Results publication: PubMed 36306168Carranza-Del Rio J, Dursun N, Cekmece C, Bonikowski M, Pyrzanowska W, Dabrowski E, Tilton A, Oleszek J, Volteau M, Page S, Shierk A, Delgado MR. Goal Attainment after Treatment with Abobotulinumtoxina and a Tailored Home Therapy Programme in Children with Upper Limb Spasticity: Descriptive, Exploratory Analysis of a Large Randomized, Controlled Study. J Rehabil Med. 2022 Dec 9;54:jrm00349. doi: 10.2340/jrm.v54.2540.
- Results publication: PubMed 33483965Dursun N, Gokbel T, Akarsu M, Bonikowski M, Pyrzanowska W, Dursun E. Intermittent serial casting for wrist flexion deformity in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2021 Jun;63(6):743-747. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14765. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
- Results publication: PubMed 33206382Delgado MR, Tilton A, Carranza-Del Rio J, Dursun N, Bonikowski M, Aydin R, Maciag-Tymecka I, Oleszek J, Dabrowski E, Grandoulier AS, Picaut P; Dysport in PUL study group. Efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxinA for upper limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized repeat-treatment study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2021 May;63(5):592-600. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14733. Epub 2020 Nov 18.
- Results publication: PubMed 27631386Dursun N, Gokbel T, Akarsu M, Dursun E. Randomized Controlled Trial on Effectiveness of Intermittent Serial Casting on Spastic Equinus Foot in Children with Cerebral Palsy After Botulinum Toxin-A Treatment. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Apr;96(4):221-225. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000627.
- Results publication: PubMed 26812925Delgado MR, Tilton A, Russman B, Benavides O, Bonikowski M, Carranza J, Dabrowski E, Dursun N, Gormley M, Jozwiak M, Matthews D, Maciag-Tymecka I, Unlu E, Pham E, Tse A, Picaut P. AbobotulinumtoxinA for Equinus Foot Deformity in Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics. 2016 Feb;137(2):e20152830. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-2830. Epub 2016 Jan 26.
- Results publication: PubMed 31691605Dursun N, Bonikowski M, Dabrowski E, Matthews D, Gormley M, Tilton A, Carranza J, Grandoulier AS, Picaut P, Delgado MR. Efficacy of Repeat AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport(R)) Injections in Improving Gait in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Dev Neurorehabil. 2020 Aug;23(6):368-374. doi: 10.1080/17518423.2019.1687602. Epub 2019 Nov 6.
- Results publication: PubMed 36832460Chang MC, Choo YJ, Kwak SG, Nam K, Kim SY, Lee HJ, Kwak S. Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Controlling Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Timing of Outcome Measurement. Children (Basel). 2023 Feb 9;10(2):332. doi: 10.3390/children10020332.
- Results publication: PubMed 35412036Mihai EE, Popescu MN, Iliescu AN, Berteanu M. A systematic review on extracorporeal shock wave therapy and botulinum toxin for spasticity treatment: a comparison on efficacy. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2022 Aug;58(4):565-574. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.22.07136-2. Epub 2022 Apr 12.
- Results publication: PubMed 34828772Kwon DR, Kwon DG. Botulinum Toxin a Injection Combined with Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: Shear Wave Sonoelastographic Findings in the Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle, Preliminary Study. Children (Basel). 2021 Nov 17;8(11):1059. doi: 10.3390/children8111059.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Nigar Dursun, MD principal investigator
Kocaeli Universitesi
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing ESWT, Botulinum Toxin Type A and Serial Casting in people with Spasticity/Paresis and Cerebral Palsy, run by Kocaeli University.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Nov 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Nigar Dursun, MD (90 5334322568, nigard@hotmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Mean change from baseline Tardieu XV3 angle (time frame: Post-treatment weeks 4-6). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06128616, which also lists 9 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Nov 2023.