DementiaNCT06122623
Education Program for Enhancing Healthcare Students' Attitudes Toward People Living With Dementia
A study testing Health Education in people with Dementia, run by Universitas Airlangga at 1 site in Indonesia.
Trial summary
The aim of this single-arm pre-post study is to examine the effectiveness of gaming-based dementia educational programs for enhancing healthcare students' attitudes toward people living with dementia (PLWD). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dementia
- What is being tested?
- Health Education
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 400 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIndonesia
- Study dates
- 22 Nov 2023to 30 Jul 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Healthcare students enrolled in the designated semester and courses that align with the program's implementation
Who cannot join
None listed.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The aim of this single-arm pre-post study is to examine the effectiveness of gaming-based dementia educational programs for enhancing healthcare students' attitudes toward people living with dementia (PLWD). The main questions we intend to answer follow:
- What are the attitudes toward PLWD, intentions to help PLWD, knowledge of dementia, and stigma of PLWD before and after participation in the gaming-based dementia education program?
- What is the effect of gaming-based dementia education programs on enhancing attitudes toward PLWD?
Participants will volunteer for the class education program, which will last about 90 minutes. Participants can attend the class only once. This education program based on gaming tools will be structured with a lecture on dementia, N-impro (gaming tools), and bad/good short dramas. The gaming education program will be included in dementia-related courses.
Read the detailed description
Participants in this study will be healthcare students at an Indonesian university (i.e., nursing students, public health students, etc.) enrolled in the semesters and courses designated for implementation of this educational program. For example, nursing students at Airlangga University will be among students in their fifth semester. Prospective participants will be given new ID numbers to ensure that their student ID numbers are undetected. The protocol for this study was reviewed and approved by an ethical committee of the Faculty of Nursing at Airlangga University.
Regarding recruitment, all candidate participants will be identified from the university's e-learning portal data. Students registered in the courses selected for implementation of this education program will have their data recorded at the beginning of the odd semester for the 2023/2024 academic year. Potentially eligible candidates will receive comprehensive study information and an invitation to participate.
The courses coordinator and Principal Investigator (PI) will explain the Semester Learning Plan and curriculum for the selected courses at the beginning of the semester. An overview of the research session's implementation will be presented, while detailed research procedures will be explained shortly before research is undertaken. An announcement regarding implementation of the research will be made approximately one week in advance, and recruitment will be carried out through Google Forms. Candidate participants will receive new IDs for this study and information about the schedule and location of the educational program through a class announcement three days prior.
On the intervention date, candidate participants will be present at the designated location and sign an attendance sheet using their new IDs. The PI will explain all stages of the study and reiterate regarding participants' freedom to withdraw at any time. The recruitment of study participants will not involve coercion. Students who choose not to participate in this study will still receive regular dementia-related materials through the university's e-learning portal, but they will not receive the game-based education program. Students who agree to participate in the study will provide informed consent. Further, participants in the educational program will complete a questionnaire before and after its implementation.
- Conditions
- Dementia
- Being tested
- Health Education
- Keywords
- Aged, Dementia, Healthcare student, Education program, Long-term care
- Medical subject headings
- Dementia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Health EducationOther
As previously mentioned, the intervention for this study will be a gaming education program that will be conducted once with each participant. Implementation of the program will occur at different times. Each performance will include a maximum of 60 participants who will be divided into small groups within the same room. Seven to 10 participants will comprise a small group, and each group will have one facilitator. The facilitator will be either a member of the research team or a Health lecturer who will be recruited and trained by the Japanese and Indonesian research teams.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| A single-arm pre-post approach will be employed in this study; | Other | There will be no control group. All participants will receive the same treatment. The intervention to be used will be a gaming education program conducted once with each participant. Receives: Other: Health Education |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Attitude toward people living with dementia
We will examine participants' attitudes toward people living with dementia with the Attitudes Toward People with Dementia Scale (Kim K, Kuroda K. Factors related to attitudes toward people with dementia development attitude toward dementia scale and dementia knowledge scale. Bulletin of Social Medicine. 2011; 28 (1), 43-55). The original study was published in Japanese. We performed forward-backwards translation to produce the Indonesian language version.
The total number of items in the questionnaire is 14. This scale has a 4-point Linkert scale ranging from 1 (disagree) to 4 (agree). There consists of four subscales: tolerance (five items), refusal (four items), feeling of distance (three items), and affinity 8two items). The total score ranged from 14 to 56, with a higher score indicating a more favourable attitude.
Measured: Time Frame: 5-7 minutes for completion of the questionnaire
Secondary outcomes (3)
Knowledge of dementia
Knowledge of dementia will be measured using 15 items of the Dementia-Related Knowledge Scale developed by (Kim \& Kuroda, 2011), which assesses the knowledge of dementia, symptoms, treatments, and diagnosis of dementia. This dementia knowledge scale will ask respondents to answer with a 4-point Likert scale from disagree to agree. The author will calculate the total score of knowledge of dementia. The total score ranged from 15 to 60, with a higher score indicating a higher knowledge of dementia.
Measured: Time Frame: 5-7 minutes
Intention for helping behaviors toward people living with dementia
To assess the Intention for helping behaviours toward people living with dementia, intended helping behaviours will be measured using four vignettes based on a previous study by Matsumoto et al. (2022). The vignettes describe situations in which people living with dementia may need assistance. Intended helping behaviours will be measured using a 4-point Likert scale (1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= agree, and 4= strongly agree). The higher score indicates a higher intention of helping behaviours people living with dementia.
Measured: Time Frame: 2-3 minutes
Fraboni's Scale of Ageism (FSA)
To assess ageism associated with people living with dementia, we will use the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA) short version of 19 items. The FSA short version consists of 19 items. That rate the negative opinion towards older people using the Likert scale (1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= agree, and 4= strongly agree). Statements representing positive rather than negative opinions towards older adults had reversed scoring (item numbers 13-16). Possible scores of FSA ranged from 19-76. The higher score indicates a higher level of ageism.
Measured: Time Frame: 5-7 minutes
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted8 Nov 2023
- Study start22 Nov 2023
- Primary completion30 May 2024
- Study completion30 Jul 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DementiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 400 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universitas Airlangga
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Tokyo University, Kawasaki City College of Nursing
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dianis Wulan Sari, Universitas Airlangga
- Investigators
- Dianis Wulan Sari, Ph.D, Principal investigator, Universitas Airlangga
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06122623
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- UAirlangga
- Status last verified
- Nov 2025
- First submitted
- 2 Nov 2023
- Last updated
- 19 Nov 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: The IPD associated with participants' real IDs will be retained only by the PI of this study. New datasets will use new IDs so that only the PI can link the research data to participants' original IDs. Datasets that use the new IDs will be shared with the research team for data processing purposes (statistical analysis plan, SAP) and publication. All data will be stored for five years (November 2023-November 2028). Datasets will not be made public and will only be shared with the project's research team.
Publications
Fraboni, M., Saltstone, R., & Hughes, S. (1990). The Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA): An Attempt at a More Precise Measure of Ageism. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement, 9(1), 56-66.
Lane AP, Yu FCH. Person-centered attitudes mediate the association between dementia knowledge and help-giving intentions in Singapore. Int Psychogeriatr. 2020 Mar;32(3):413-414. doi: 10.1017/S1041610219000796. No abstract available.
PubMed 31309909Blay SL, Toledo Pisa Peluso E. Public stigma: the community's tolerance of Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Feb;18(2):163-71. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181bea900.
PubMed 20104072Brannelly T. Sustaining citizenship: people with dementia and the phenomenon of social death. Nurs Ethics. 2011 Sep;18(5):662-71. doi: 10.1177/0969733011408049.
PubMed 21893577Harada, K., Sugisawa, H., Shibata, H., Yamada, Y., & Sugihara, Y. (2004). Measurement and Correlates of Ageism Among Japanese Young Men Living in Urban Areas. The Gerontologist, 44(Special_Issue_I), 1-672.
Kim, K., & Kuroda, K. (2011). Factors related to attitudes toward people with dementia: Development Attitude Toward Dementia Scale and Dementia Knowledge Scale. Bulletin of Social Medicine, 28(1), 43-56 (in Japanese).
Malta S, Doyle C. Butler's three constructs of ageism in Australasian Journal on Ageing [corrected]. Australas J Ageing. 2016 Dec;35(4):232-235. doi: 10.1111/ajag.12363. No abstract available.
PubMed 27933747Matsumoto H, Igarashi A, Sakka M, Takaoka M, Kugai H, Ito K, Yamamoto-Mitani N. A Two-Step Model for Encouraging the General Public to Exhibit Helping Behaviors Toward People Living With Dementia. Innov Aging. 2022 Apr 14;6(3):igac023. doi: 10.1093/geroni/igac023. eCollection 2022.
PubMed 35663276Stites SD, Milne R, Karlawish J. Advances in Alzheimer's imaging are changing the experience of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2018 Mar 19;10:285-300. doi: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.02.006. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 29780873Sari DW, Kugai H, Igarashi A, Takaoka M, Matsumoto H, Suzuki H, Wu J, Fitryasari R, Nasifah IA, Has EMM, Yamamoto-Mitani N. Education Program for Enhancing Health Care Students' Attitudes Toward People Living With Dementia: Protocol for a Single-Arm Pre-Post Study. JMIR Res Protoc. 2024 Sep 18;13:e62654. doi: 10.2196/62654.
PubMed 39293050
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Nov 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Education Program for Enhancing Healthcare Students' Attitudes Toward People Living With Dementia
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06122623
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- UAirlangga
- Conditions
- Dementia
- Keywords
- Aged, Dementia, Healthcare student, Education program, Long-term care
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 400 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Universitas AirlanggaUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Tokyo University, Kawasaki City College of Nursing
- Study start
- 22 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 May 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jul 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 8 Nov 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this single-arm pre-post study is to examine the effectiveness of gaming-based dementia educational programs for enhancing healthcare students' attitudes toward people living with dementia (PLWD). The main questions we intend to answer follow:
- What are the attitudes toward PLWD, intentions to help PLWD, knowledge of dementia, and stigma of PLWD before and after participation in the gaming-based dementia education program?
- What is the effect of gaming-based dementia education programs on enhancing attitudes toward PLWD?
Participants will volunteer for the class education program, which will last about 90 minutes. Participants can attend the class only once. This education program based on gaming tools will be structured with a lecture on dementia, N-impro (gaming tools), and bad/good short dramas. The gaming education program will be included in dementia-related courses.
Detailed description
Participants in this study will be healthcare students at an Indonesian university (i.e., nursing students, public health students, etc.) enrolled in the semesters and courses designated for implementation of this educational program. For example, nursing students at Airlangga University will be among students in their fifth semester. Prospective participants will be given new ID numbers to ensure that their student ID numbers are undetected. The protocol for this study was reviewed and approved by an ethical committee of the Faculty of Nursing at Airlangga University.
Regarding recruitment, all candidate participants will be identified from the university's e-learning portal data. Students registered in the courses selected for implementation of this education program will have their data recorded at the beginning of the odd semester for the 2023/2024 academic year. Potentially eligible candidates will receive comprehensive study information and an invitation to participate.
The courses coordinator and Principal Investigator (PI) will explain the Semester Learning Plan and curriculum for the selected courses at the beginning of the semester. An overview of the research session's implementation will be presented, while detailed research procedures will be explained shortly before research is undertaken. An announcement regarding implementation of the research will be made approximately one week in advance, and recruitment will be carried out through Google Forms. Candidate participants will receive new IDs for this study and information about the schedule and location of the educational program through a class announcement three days prior.
On the intervention date, candidate participants will be present at the designated location and sign an attendance sheet using their new IDs. The PI will explain all stages of the study and reiterate regarding participants' freedom to withdraw at any time. The recruitment of study participants will not involve coercion. Students who choose not to participate in this study will still receive regular dementia-related materials through the university's e-learning portal, but they will not receive the game-based education program. Students who agree to participate in the study will provide informed consent. Further, participants in the educational program will complete a questionnaire before and after its implementation.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| A single-arm pre-post approach will be employed in this study; | Other | Other: Health EducationThere will be no control group. All participants will receive the same treatment. The intervention to be used will be a gaming education program conducted once with each participant. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Healthcare students enrolled in the designated semester and courses that align with the program's implementation
Key exclusion criteria (0 listed)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Health EducationAs previously mentioned, the intervention for this study will be a gaming education program that will be conducted once with each participant. Implementation of the program will occur at different times. Each performance will include a maximum of 60 participants who will be divided into small groups within the same room. Seven to 10 participants will comprise a small group, and each group will have one facilitator. The facilitator will be either a member of the research team or a Health lecturer who will be recruited and trained by the Japanese and Indonesian research teams. | Other | A single-arm pre-post approach will be employed in this study; |
Primary outcome
Attitude toward people living with dementia
Time frame: Time Frame: 5-7 minutes for completion of the questionnaire
We will examine participants' attitudes toward people living with dementia with the Attitudes Toward People with Dementia Scale (Kim K, Kuroda K. Factors related to attitudes toward people with dementia development attitude toward dementia scale and dementia knowledge scale. Bulletin of Social Medicine. 2011; 28 (1), 43-55). The original study was published in Japanese. We performed forward-backwards translation to produce the Indonesian language version. The total number of items in the questionnaire is 14. This scale has a 4-point Linkert scale ranging from 1 (disagree) to 4 (agree). There consists of four subscales: tolerance (five items), refusal (four items), feeling of distance (three items), and affinity 8two items). The total score ranged from 14 to 56, with a higher score indicating a more favourable attitude.
3 secondary outcomes
Knowledge of dementia
Time frame: Time Frame: 5-7 minutes
Intention for helping behaviors toward people living with dementia
Time frame: Time Frame: 2-3 minutes
Fraboni's Scale of Ageism (FSA)
Time frame: Time Frame: 5-7 minutes
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Nov 2025.
- BackgroundFraboni, M., Saltstone, R., & Hughes, S. (1990). The Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA): An Attempt at a More Precise Measure of Ageism. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement, 9(1), 56-66.
- Background: PubMed 31309909Lane AP, Yu FCH. Person-centered attitudes mediate the association between dementia knowledge and help-giving intentions in Singapore. Int Psychogeriatr. 2020 Mar;32(3):413-414. doi: 10.1017/S1041610219000796. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 20104072Blay SL, Toledo Pisa Peluso E. Public stigma: the community's tolerance of Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Feb;18(2):163-71. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181bea900.
- Results publication: PubMed 21893577Brannelly T. Sustaining citizenship: people with dementia and the phenomenon of social death. Nurs Ethics. 2011 Sep;18(5):662-71. doi: 10.1177/0969733011408049.
- Results publicationHarada, K., Sugisawa, H., Shibata, H., Yamada, Y., & Sugihara, Y. (2004). Measurement and Correlates of Ageism Among Japanese Young Men Living in Urban Areas. The Gerontologist, 44(Special_Issue_I), 1-672.
- Results publicationKim, K., & Kuroda, K. (2011). Factors related to attitudes toward people with dementia: Development Attitude Toward Dementia Scale and Dementia Knowledge Scale. Bulletin of Social Medicine, 28(1), 43-56 (in Japanese).
- Results publication: PubMed 27933747Malta S, Doyle C. Butler's three constructs of ageism in Australasian Journal on Ageing [corrected]. Australas J Ageing. 2016 Dec;35(4):232-235. doi: 10.1111/ajag.12363. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 35663276Matsumoto H, Igarashi A, Sakka M, Takaoka M, Kugai H, Ito K, Yamamoto-Mitani N. A Two-Step Model for Encouraging the General Public to Exhibit Helping Behaviors Toward People Living With Dementia. Innov Aging. 2022 Apr 14;6(3):igac023. doi: 10.1093/geroni/igac023. eCollection 2022.
- Results publication: PubMed 29780873Stites SD, Milne R, Karlawish J. Advances in Alzheimer's imaging are changing the experience of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2018 Mar 19;10:285-300. doi: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.02.006. eCollection 2018.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39293050Sari DW, Kugai H, Igarashi A, Takaoka M, Matsumoto H, Suzuki H, Wu J, Fitryasari R, Nasifah IA, Has EMM, Yamamoto-Mitani N. Education Program for Enhancing Health Care Students' Attitudes Toward People Living With Dementia: Protocol for a Single-Arm Pre-Post Study. JMIR Res Protoc. 2024 Sep 18;13:e62654. doi: 10.2196/62654.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. The IPD associated with participants' real IDs will be retained only by the PI of this study. New datasets will use new IDs so that only the PI can link the research data to participants' original IDs. Datasets that use the new IDs will be shared with the research team for data processing purposes (statistical analysis plan, SAP) and publication. All data will be stored for five years (November 2023-November 2028). Datasets will not be made public and will only be shared with the project's research team.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Dianis Wulan Sari, Ph.D principal investigator
Universitas Airlangga
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Health Education in people with Dementia, run by Universitas Airlangga at 1 site in Indonesia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 0 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Nov 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Indonesia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Attitude toward people living with dementia (time frame: Time Frame: 5-7 minutes for completion of the questionnaire). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06122623, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Nov 2025.