HealthyNCT06069440
Kinematical and Muscular Fatigue in Swimmers
A study testing Swimming Fatigue Task in people with Healthy, run by Universita degli Studi di Genova at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
During a submaximal task, gradual muscle fatigue occurs, which inevitably results in a decline in performance (mechanical failure). Elite athletes are known to employ unconscious compensatory strategies during fatiguing submaximal tasks in an attempt to delay the onset of mechanical failure as long as possible. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 to 24 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy
- What is being tested?
- Swimming Fatigue Task
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 23 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 1 Feb 2022to 1 Aug 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 to 24 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Middle- or long-distance swimmer specializing in front crawl
- At least 3 years of experience in international competition
- Daily use of flashing light for pace control in aerobic, anaerobic threshold and maximum oxygen consumption training.
Who cannot join
- 1) Presence of muscle pain or soreness that could prevent the athlete from performing at their best
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Analysis of Kinematical and Muscular Fatigue in Long Distance Swimmers
During a submaximal task, gradual muscle fatigue occurs, which inevitably results in a decline in performance (mechanical failure). Elite athletes are known to employ unconscious compensatory strategies during fatiguing submaximal tasks in an attempt to delay the onset of mechanical failure as long as possible.
The purpose of this study was to gain valuable insight into the strategies used by elite swimmers to cope with mechanical failure. Twenty-two swimmers were subjected to a swim test consisting of swimming as long as possible at a predetermined and controlled pace. A light strip positioned at the bottom of the pool allows athletes to get feedback on which gait to keep. The kinematics (stroke rate, stroke length, and efficiency index) and electrical activity of 10 muscle groups were analyzed and compared at the beginning of the test (non-fatiguing conditions), just before the athlete lost the ability to maintain the predetermined pace (pre-mechanical failure), and after the athlete lost the ability to maintain the pace (mechanical failure). It is hypothesized that as fatigue becomes more pronounced and the point of inability to maintain a predetermined speed is approached, increased EMG activity will occur in key muscles while other muscle groups may show more obvious signs of fatigue. In addition, changes in the rhythm and coordination of upper limb movements may occur.
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Being tested
- Swimming Fatigue Task
- Keywords
- muscle fatigue, Neuromuscular Strategy, performance, sEMG, swimming
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Swimming Fatigue TaskOther
Swim freestyle at a steady, controlled pace until mechanical failure (i.e., inability to maintain the predetermined speed) is reached.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| swimmers | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: Swimming Fatigue Task |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Flexor Carpi Radialis muscle activity
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Biceps Brachii muscle activity
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Triceps Brachii caput lateralis muscle activity
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Deltoideus Lateralis muscle activity
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Latissimus Dorsi muscle activity
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Superior Trapezius muscle activity
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Erector Spinae muscle activity
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Pectoralis Major pars clavicularis muscle activity
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Rectus Femoris muscle activity
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Biceps Femoris muscle activity
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Kinematic parameters
stroke frequency (time required to complete a stroke cycle)
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Kinematic parameters
stroke length (distance traveled during each stroke cycle))
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Secondary outcomes (10)
Flexor Carpi Radialis muscle fatigue
time-course evolution of the median frequency of the power density spectrum (MF [Hz]) of the sEMG signal
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Biceps Brachii muscle fatigue
time-course evolution of the median frequency of the power density spectrum (MF [Hz]) of the sEMG signal
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Triceps Brachii caput lateralis muscle fatigue
time-course evolution of the median frequency of the power density spectrum (MF [Hz]) of the sEMG signal
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Deltoideus Lateralis muscle fatigue
time-course evolution of the median frequency of the power density spectrum (MF [Hz]) of the sEMG signal
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Latissimus Dorsi muscle fatigue
time-course evolution of the median frequency of the power density spectrum (MF [Hz]) of the sEMG signal
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Superior Trapezius muscle fatigue
time-course evolution of the median frequency of the power density spectrum (MF [Hz]) of the sEMG signal
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Erector Spinae muscle fatigue
time-course evolution of the median frequency of the power density spectrum (MF [Hz]) of the sEMG signal
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Pectoralis Major pars clavicularis muscle fatigue
time-course evolution of the median frequency of the power density spectrum (MF [Hz]) of the sEMG signal
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Rectus Femoris muscle fatigue
time-course evolution of the median frequency of the power density spectrum (MF [Hz]) of the sEMG signal
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Biceps Femoris muscle fatigue
time-course evolution of the median frequency of the power density spectrum (MF [Hz]) of the sEMG signal
Measured: up to 10 minutes
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Oct 2023
- Study start1 Feb 2022
- Primary completion1 Mar 2022
- Study completion1 Aug 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 23 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universita degli Studi di Genova
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Luca Puce, Universita degli Studi di Genova
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06069440
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- DINOGMI-2023
- Status last verified
- Oct 2023
- First submitted
- 26 Sep 2023
- Last updated
- 5 Oct 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Puce L, Biz C, Ruaro A, Mori F, Bellofiore A, Nicoletti P, Bragazzi NL, Ruggieri P. Analysis of Kinematic and Muscular Fatigue in Long-Distance Swimmers. Life (Basel). 2023 Oct 27;13(11):2129. doi: 10.3390/life13112129.
PubMed 38004269
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Oct 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Analysis of Kinematical and Muscular Fatigue in Long Distance Swimmers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT06069440
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- DINOGMI-2023
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Keywords
- muscle fatigue, Neuromuscular Strategy, performance, sEMG, swimming
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 23 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Universita degli Studi di GenovaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Feb 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Aug 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 5 Oct 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
During a submaximal task, gradual muscle fatigue occurs, which inevitably results in a decline in performance (mechanical failure). Elite athletes are known to employ unconscious compensatory strategies during fatiguing submaximal tasks in an attempt to delay the onset of mechanical failure as long as possible.
The purpose of this study was to gain valuable insight into the strategies used by elite swimmers to cope with mechanical failure. Twenty-two swimmers were subjected to a swim test consisting of swimming as long as possible at a predetermined and controlled pace. A light strip positioned at the bottom of the pool allows athletes to get feedback on which gait to keep. The kinematics (stroke rate, stroke length, and efficiency index) and electrical activity of 10 muscle groups were analyzed and compared at the beginning of the test (non-fatiguing conditions), just before the athlete lost the ability to maintain the predetermined pace (pre-mechanical failure), and after the athlete lost the ability to maintain the pace (mechanical failure). It is hypothesized that as fatigue becomes more pronounced and the point of inability to maintain a predetermined speed is approached, increased EMG activity will occur in key muscles while other muscle groups may show more obvious signs of fatigue. In addition, changes in the rhythm and coordination of upper limb movements may occur.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| swimmers | Experimental | Other: Swimming Fatigue Task |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 to 24 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Middle- or long-distance swimmer specializing in front crawl
- At least 3 years of experience in international competition
- Daily use of flashing light for pace control in aerobic, anaerobic threshold and maximum oxygen consumption training.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- 1) Presence of muscle pain or soreness that could prevent the athlete from performing at their best
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Swimming Fatigue TaskSwim freestyle at a steady, controlled pace until mechanical failure (i.e., inability to maintain the predetermined speed) is reached. | Other | swimmers |
Primary outcome
Flexor Carpi Radialis muscle activity
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Biceps Brachii muscle activity
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Triceps Brachii caput lateralis muscle activity
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Deltoideus Lateralis muscle activity
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Latissimus Dorsi muscle activity
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Superior Trapezius muscle activity
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Erector Spinae muscle activity
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Pectoralis Major pars clavicularis muscle activity
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Rectus Femoris muscle activity
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Biceps Femoris muscle activity
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Electromyographic signal analysis (Root Mean Square)
Kinematic parameters
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
stroke frequency (time required to complete a stroke cycle)
Kinematic parameters
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
stroke length (distance traveled during each stroke cycle))
10 secondary outcomes
Flexor Carpi Radialis muscle fatigue
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Biceps Brachii muscle fatigue
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Triceps Brachii caput lateralis muscle fatigue
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Deltoideus Lateralis muscle fatigue
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Latissimus Dorsi muscle fatigue
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Superior Trapezius muscle fatigue
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Erector Spinae muscle fatigue
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Pectoralis Major pars clavicularis muscle fatigue
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Rectus Femoris muscle fatigue
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Biceps Femoris muscle fatigue
Time frame: up to 10 minutes
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Oct 2023.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 38004269Puce L, Biz C, Ruaro A, Mori F, Bellofiore A, Nicoletti P, Bragazzi NL, Ruggieri P. Analysis of Kinematic and Muscular Fatigue in Long-Distance Swimmers. Life (Basel). 2023 Oct 27;13(11):2129. doi: 10.3390/life13112129.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Swimming Fatigue Task in people with Healthy, run by Universita degli Studi di Genova at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Oct 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Flexor Carpi Radialis muscle activity (time frame: up to 10 minutes). The study lists 12 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06069440, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Oct 2023.