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Short Message Service (SMS)MINT-II/HKWNCT06024317

Leveraging Community Health Workers and a Digital Health System to Improve the Timeliness of Child Well Visits

A study testing Huduma Kwa Wakati - Knowledge Intervention, Huduma Kwa Wakati - Reminders and Huduma Kwa Wakati - Incentives in people with Short Message Service (SMS) and Incentives, run by University of South Carolina at 1 site in Tanzania.

Not yet recruiting

Opening soon. The study is approved but enrolment has not started yet. Sites may already take enquiries.

Sites and contacts
Official record
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Trial summary

The goal of this cluster-randomized type 1 effectiveness implementation hybrid trial is to evaluate whether a community health worker led, integrated digital health intervention (Huduma Kwa Wakati; "Timely Services" in Kiswahili) can improve rates of timely well visits and receipt of key recommended preventive… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 15 years and older, women only
What is being tested?
Huduma Kwa Wakati - Knowledge Intervention, Huduma Kwa Wakati - Reminders and Huduma Kwa Wakati - Incentives
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
800 participants
Where
1 siteTanzania
Study dates
Aug 2026to 31 Aug 2027
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 15 years and older
  • Women only
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child, Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • mothers of children ages 12-23 months
  • residing in the sampling area
  • pregnant women in their last trimester of pregnancy
  • residing in the sampling area
  • expected to reside in the sampling area until the child reaches age 1 year

Who cannot join

  • Women who are not living in catchment areas of participating health facilities (which routinely provide maternal and child health services). Facilities must be operational, must have at least 2 community health workers, and must have reported at least 100 pregnancies or births in the year prior to study implementation.)

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

Jan Ostermann, PhD contact

18037778747

jano@mailbox.sc.edu

Lavanya Vasudevan, PhD contact

lavanya.vasudevan@emory.edu

Tanzania1 site
  • National Institute for Medical Research

    Dar es Salaam

    Esther Ngadaya, MD, PhD

Other trials in Tanzania

About this study

Official title: Leveraging Community Health Workers and a Responsive Digital Health System to Improve Rates and Timeliness of Child Well Visits in the First Year of Life

The goal of this cluster-randomized type 1 effectiveness implementation hybrid trial is to evaluate whether a community health worker led, integrated digital health intervention (Huduma Kwa Wakati; "Timely Services" in Kiswahili) can improve rates of timely well visits and receipt of key recommended preventive interventions among children in their first year of life. The hypothesis is that Huduma Kwa Wakati will improve the timeliness and rates of completion of child well visits and receipt of recommended preventive services before age 1 year, compared to the standard of care. Researchers will compare outcomes among children enrolled from intervention clusters and no-intervention comparison clusters. Outcomes will also be compared to a cross-sectional retrospective comparison sample. This study will address the lack of rigorous evidence on the effectiveness of a community-based digital health intervention for promoting rates and timeliness of preventive service receipt among children from sub-Saharan Africa, and identify implementation strategies to facilitate the deployment of integrated community-based digital health interventions in low- and middle-income country settings.

Read the detailed description

Background and Objective:

In Tanzania, only 68% of children receive key recommended preventive health interventions within their first year of life. Prior research identified substantial rural-urban disparities in rates and timeliness of preventive service receipt in Tanzania, with children in rural settings being more like to receive delayed or no services. This type 1 effectiveness implementation hybrid study will evaluate the effect of Huduma Kwa Wakati ("Timely Services" in Kiswahili), a community-based, integrated digital health intervention, on the timeliness of child well visits and receipt of recommended preventive services in children's first year of life. The intervention combines a knowledge intervention, mobile phone-based reminders, and incentives with the goal to promote timely service receipt.

Methods:

The study will be conducted in the catchment areas of 40 rural health facilities in two predominantly rural regions in Tanzania. From each catchment area, three cohorts of mother-child dyads, one retrospective cohort and two prospective cohorts, will be enrolled into the study. The prospective cohort, comprising mothers from eighty communities ("clusters") within these catchment areas, will be randomized to an intervention or control arm. The timeliness (primary outcome) and coverage (secondary outcome) of child well visits will be observed for 1200 children (800 prospective children and 400 retrospective children). Details of the clinical trial refer to the prospective cohort of 800 mother-child dyads. Study logs, fidelity checklists, quantitative surveys, child health records, and qualitative interviews with mothers and key informants will be used to inform the five constructs of the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Results will be used to develop an implementation blueprint that can guide future adaptations, sustainability, and scale-up of Huduma Kwa Wakati.

Hypothesis:

The hypothesis is that Huduma Kwa Wakati is effective for increasing the timeliness of child well visits and rates of preventive services receipt before age 1 year compared to the standard of care.

Expected impact:

This study will address the lack of rigorous evidence on the effectiveness of a community-based digital health intervention for promoting rates and timeliness of recommended health service receipt among children from sub-Saharan Africa, and identify implementation strategies to facilitate the deployment of integrated interventions in low- and middle-income country settings.

Being tested
Huduma Kwa Wakati - Knowledge Intervention, Huduma Kwa Wakati - Reminders, Huduma Kwa Wakati - Incentives, Huduma Kwa Wakati - Service notifications
Keywords
Timeliness, Digital Health, Community Health Workers, Tanzania, Low and middle-income country, SMS reminder, Conditional incentive, Preventive services, Children
Medical subject headings
Behavior

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Huduma Kwa Wakati - Knowledge InterventionBehavioural

    Counseling scripts assessing and addressing child health-related knowledge gaps

  • Huduma Kwa Wakati - RemindersBehavioural

    Reminders of upcoming well visit due dates, sent to the mother's mobile phone

  • Huduma Kwa Wakati - IncentivesBehavioural

    Conditional incentives for timely service receipt, tailored to each child's well visit schedule

  • Huduma Kwa Wakati - Service notificationsBehavioural

    Service notifications (e.g., related to stockouts or service non-availability), sent to the mother's mobile phone

Study groups in NCT06024317
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Intervention arm (Huduma Kwa Wakati)ExperimentalWithin the catchment areas of 40 health facilities, 40 communities ("clusters"; 1 per catchment area) will be assigned to the intervention arm. 40 communities ("clusters"; 1 per catchment area) will be assigned to the control arm. 10 pregnant women in their last trimester of pregnancy will be enrolled from each cluster. Women enrolled from intervention clusters will receive all components of the Huduma Kwa Wakati intervention.
Receives: Behavioral: Huduma Kwa Wakati - Knowledge Intervention; Behavioral: Huduma Kwa Wakati - Reminders; Behavioral: Huduma Kwa Wakati - Incentives; Behavioral: Huduma Kwa Wakati - Service notifications
Control (Standard of care)No interventionWithin the catchment areas of 40 health facilities, 40 communities ("clusters"; 1 per catchment area) will be assigned to the intervention arm. 40 communities ("clusters"; 1 per catchment area) will be assigned to the control arm. 10 pregnant women in their last trimester of pregnancy will be enrolled from each cluster. Women enrolled from control arm will receive baseline and follow-up assessments only.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Delay in days (continuous) for the child well visit due at age 14 weeks

    The average number of days between the due date of the 14 week well visit and the date on which the child actually attends this visit. Dates abstracted from the child's health book.

    Measured: Assessed during the endline survey, an average follow-up period of 1 year

Secondary outcomes (1)
  1. Delay > 28 days (binary) for the child well visit due at age 14 weeks

    The percentage of participants with a delay >28 days between the visit due date (at age 14 weeks) and the date on which the visit was attended. Dates abstracted from the child's health book.

    Measured: Assessed during the endline survey, an average follow-up period of 1 year

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted6 Sep 2023
  2. Study startAug 2026 (estimated)
  3. Primary completion31 Aug 2027 (estimated)
  4. Study completion31 Aug 2027 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Health services research
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
This type 1 effectiveness-implementation hybrid study uses a cluster-randomized trial design to evaluate intervention effectiveness.
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
800 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT06024317
Sponsor's protocol ID
Pro00120675
Acronym
MINT-II/HKW
Status last verified
Jul 2026
First submitted
28 Aug 2023
Last updated
6 Jul 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No: The data from this study will be available from the National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Research Centre, Tanzania, but restrictions apply that are governed by consent forms and data transfer agreements. Data may be made available by the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of the National Medical Research Review Committee at the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) in Tanzania.

Publications

  • Yelverton V, Hair NL, Ghosh SH, Mfinanga SG, Ngadaya E, Baumgartner JN, Ostermann J, Vasudevan L. Beyond coverage: Rural-urban disparities in the timeliness of childhood vaccinations in Tanzania. Vaccine. 2022 Sep 2;40(37):5483-5493. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.020. Epub 2022 Aug 10.

    PubMed 35961796
  • Vasudevan L, Baumgartner JN, Moses S, Ngadaya E, Mfinanga SG, Ostermann J. Parental concerns and uptake of childhood vaccines in rural Tanzania - a mixed methods study. BMC Public Health. 2020 Oct 20;20(1):1573. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09598-1.

    PubMed 33081744
  • Ostermann J, Vasudevan L, Baumgartner JN, Ngadaya E, Mfinanga SG. Do mobile phone-based reminders and conditional financial transfers improve the timeliness of childhood vaccinations in Tanzania? Study protocol for a quasi-randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2019 Jul 4;20(1):397. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3430-4.

    PubMed 31272487
  • Ostermann J, Hair NL, Moses S, Ngadaya E, Godfrey Mfinanga S, Brown DS, Noel Baumgartner J, Vasudevan L. Is the intention to vaccinate enough? Systematic variation in the value of timely vaccinations and preferences for monetary vs non-monetary incentives among pregnant women in southern Tanzania. Vaccine X. 2023 Jan 23;13:100266. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100266. eCollection 2023 Apr.

    PubMed 36814594
  • Vasudevan L, Ostermann J, Moses SM, Ngadaya E, Mfinanga SG. Patterns of Mobile Phone Ownership and Use Among Pregnant Women in Southern Tanzania: Cross-Sectional Survey. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 Apr 8;8(4):e17122. doi: 10.2196/17122.

    PubMed 32267240
  • Vasudevan L, Ostermann J, Thielman N, Baumgartner JN, Solomon D, Mosses A, Hobbie A, Hair NL, Liang C, van Zwetselaar M, Mfinanga S, Ngadaya E. Leveraging Community Health Workers and a Responsive Digital Health System to Improve Vaccination Coverage and Timeliness in Resource-Limited Settings: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Type 1 Effectiveness-Implementation Hybrid Study. JMIR Res Protoc. 2024 Jan 12;13:e52523. doi: 10.2196/52523.

    PubMed 38214956

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Huduma Kwa Wakati - Knowledge Intervention, Huduma Kwa Wakati - Reminders and Huduma Kwa Wakati - Incentives in people with Short Message Service (SMS) and Incentives, run by University of South Carolina at 1 site in Tanzania.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Tanzania. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact Jan Ostermann, PhD (18037778747, jano@mailbox.sc.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Delay in days (continuous) for the child well visit due at age 14 weeks (time frame: Assessed during the endline survey, an average follow-up period of 1 year). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT06024317, which also lists 6 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Jul 2026.

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