Nurse's RoleNCT05933551
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Z Technique Training
A study testing Z Technique Training in people with Nurse's Role, run by Tarsus University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate of the efficiency of training for nurses to use the Z technique in intramuscular injection application. The main question it aims to answer is: Is there an effect of training on the use of Z technique in intramuscular injection practice of nurses? The sample size was… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any age
- Conditions the study is for
- Nurse's Role
- What is being tested?
- Z Technique Training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 75 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jul 2023to 31 Oct 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- All nurses who volunteer, work in the hospital and perform injections will take part in the research as participants.
Who cannot join
- Participants who do not continue the study or who express that they want to leave and who do not apply injections in the clinic they work will be excluded from the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Evaluation of the Efficiency of Training for Nurses to Use the Z Technique in Intramuscular Injection Application
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate of the efficiency of training for nurses to use the Z technique in intramuscular injection application.
The main question it aims to answer is:
- Is there an effect of training on the use of Z technique in intramuscular injection practice of nurses?
The sample size was calculated as a minimum of 64 people. It consists of nurses who volunteered to participate in the study.
Read the detailed description
The research was designed in a semi-experimental single group in the pretest-posttest order and will be carried out in four stages:
In the 1st Stage: The socio-demographic characteristics of the nurses and their knowledge levels about the Z technique will be evaluated before the training.
In the 2nd stage: Training will be given on the Z technique on the planned day, time and place. The education is planned to be given at Tarsus University. The training content will be presented to the participants as a powerpoint presentation (30 min), laboratory practice (15 min) and question-answer (15 min).
In the 3rd Stage: After the training, the knowledge levels and skills of the nurses regarding the Z technique will be evaluated.
In the 4th Stage: 1 month after the training, the use cases of the Z technique will be evaluated.
- Conditions
- Nurse's Role
- Being tested
- Z Technique Training
- Keywords
- Z technique, intramuscular enjection, skill, nurse, ventrogluteal region
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Z Technique TrainingOther
Training on Z technique will be given on the planned day, time and place. The education is planned to be given at Tarsus University. The training content will be presented to the participants as a powerpoint presentation (30 min), laboratory practice (15 min) and question-answer (15 min).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| After the training, the knowledge levels and skills of the nurses about the Z technique | Experimental | Not described Receives: Other: Z Technique Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Knowledge levels for the Z technique
After the training, the knowledge levels of the nurses about the Z technique will be evaluated.
Measured: 10 min
Skill levels for the Z technique
After the training, the skill levels of the nurses about the Z technique will be evaluated.
Measured: 10 min
Frequency of Using the Z Technique
Z technique use cases will be evaluated 1 month after the training.
Measured: 1 month after the training.
Secondary outcomes (1)
Nurses' Descriptive Characteristics
The sociodemographic and working characteristics of the nurses before the training and the characteristics of the use of the Z technique in intramuscular injection will be examined.
Measured: 10 min
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Jul 2023
- Study start1 Jul 2023
- Primary completion30 Sep 2023
- Study completion31 Oct 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Nurse's RoleStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Tarsus University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Nadiye BARIŞ EREN, Tarsus University
- Investigators
- Nadiye BARIS EREN, Principal investigator, Tarsus University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05933551
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TarsusU-NBARISEREN-001
- Status last verified
- Jun 2023
- First submitted
- 26 Jun 2023
- Last updated
- 30 Apr 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Yilmaz D, Khorshid L, Dedeoglu Y. The Effect of the Z-Track Technique on Pain and Drug Leakage in Intramuscular Injections. Clin Nurse Spec. 2016 Nov/Dec;30(6):E7-E12. doi: 10.1097/NUR.0000000000000245.
PubMed 27753676Altun I. May the Z-Tracking Technique to Prevent Any Leakage in Insulin Injection Be an Alternative to the 10-Second Waiting Technique? J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2018 Mar;12(2):537-538. doi: 10.1177/1932296817730378. Epub 2017 Sep 18. No abstract available.
PubMed 28918650Ayinde O, Hayward RS, Ross JDC. The effect of intramuscular injection technique on injection associated pain; a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021 May 3;16(5):e0250883. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250883. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 33939726
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Apr 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of the Efficiency of Training for Nurses to Use the Z Technique in Intramuscular Injection Application
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05933551
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TarsusU-NBARISEREN-001
- Conditions
- Nurse's Role
- Keywords
- Z technique, intramuscular enjection, skill, nurse, ventrogluteal region
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 75 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Tarsus UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Oct 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate of the efficiency of training for nurses to use the Z technique in intramuscular injection application.
The main question it aims to answer is:
- Is there an effect of training on the use of Z technique in intramuscular injection practice of nurses?
The sample size was calculated as a minimum of 64 people. It consists of nurses who volunteered to participate in the study.
Detailed description
The research was designed in a semi-experimental single group in the pretest-posttest order and will be carried out in four stages:
In the 1st Stage: The socio-demographic characteristics of the nurses and their knowledge levels about the Z technique will be evaluated before the training.
In the 2nd stage: Training will be given on the Z technique on the planned day, time and place. The education is planned to be given at Tarsus University. The training content will be presented to the participants as a powerpoint presentation (30 min), laboratory practice (15 min) and question-answer (15 min).
In the 3rd Stage: After the training, the knowledge levels and skills of the nurses regarding the Z technique will be evaluated.
In the 4th Stage: 1 month after the training, the use cases of the Z technique will be evaluated.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| After the training, the knowledge levels and skills of the nurses about the Z technique | Experimental | Other: Z Technique Training |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- All nurses who volunteer, work in the hospital and perform injections will take part in the research as participants.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Participants who do not continue the study or who express that they want to leave and who do not apply injections in the clinic they work will be excluded from the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Z Technique TrainingTraining on Z technique will be given on the planned day, time and place. The education is planned to be given at Tarsus University. The training content will be presented to the participants as a powerpoint presentation (30 min), laboratory practice (15 min) and question-answer (15 min). | Other | After the training, the knowledge levels and skills of the nurses about the Z technique |
Primary outcome
Knowledge levels for the Z technique
Time frame: 10 min
After the training, the knowledge levels of the nurses about the Z technique will be evaluated.
Skill levels for the Z technique
Time frame: 10 min
After the training, the skill levels of the nurses about the Z technique will be evaluated.
Frequency of Using the Z Technique
Time frame: 1 month after the training.
Z technique use cases will be evaluated 1 month after the training.
1 secondary outcome
Nurses' Descriptive Characteristics
Time frame: 10 min
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Apr 2025.
- Background: PubMed 27753676Yilmaz D, Khorshid L, Dedeoglu Y. The Effect of the Z-Track Technique on Pain and Drug Leakage in Intramuscular Injections. Clin Nurse Spec. 2016 Nov/Dec;30(6):E7-E12. doi: 10.1097/NUR.0000000000000245.
- Background: PubMed 28918650Altun I. May the Z-Tracking Technique to Prevent Any Leakage in Insulin Injection Be an Alternative to the 10-Second Waiting Technique? J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2018 Mar;12(2):537-538. doi: 10.1177/1932296817730378. Epub 2017 Sep 18. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 33939726Ayinde O, Hayward RS, Ross JDC. The effect of intramuscular injection technique on injection associated pain; a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021 May 3;16(5):e0250883. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250883. eCollection 2021.
- The Effect of Different Techniques Used in Intramuscular Injection On Pain And Drug LeakageLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Nurse's Role
Not yet recruiting
The Effect of Creative Drama on the Therapeutic Communication Skills and Empathy Levels of Pediatric Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Study
Nurse's Role, Empathy
Active, not recruiting
Advancing Nursing Practices in Hospital Oncology Care
Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gastrointestinal Disease
RecruitingPhase 1
Two Different Therapeutic Interventions Applied During Blood Sampling in Children
Blood Sampling, Child, Only
Recruiting
Single Lumen Midline Catheter vs Ultrasound Guided Peripheral IV as Performed by Bedside Emergency Department Registered Nurses
Difficult Vein Access, Emergency Department Patients
Not yet recruitingObservational study
Research-patientS and Clinical researcH Nurses: Exploring Their Experiences of tAking paRt in Clinical resEarch in the NHS
Experiences, Lived Experiences
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Nadiye BARIS EREN principal investigator
Tarsus University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Z Technique Training in people with Nurse's Role, run by Tarsus University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Apr 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Knowledge levels for the Z technique (time frame: 10 min). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05933551, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Apr 2025.