Second Stage of LaborPhase 1NCT05906303
Caffeine in the Second Stage of Labor in Low-risk Nulliparous Mothers at Term
A Phase 1 study testing Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection and Normal Saline in people with Second Stage of Labor, run by The Reading Hospital and Medical Center at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Single blind, randomized control trial to determine benefit of caffeine and sodium benzoate on the second stage of labor Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Second Stage of Labor
- What is being tested?
- Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection and Normal Saline
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2023to 1 Feb 2025
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Nulliparous pregnant mothers at term (37 weeks gestation and above), 18-45 years of age, intravenous access. Patients receiving prenatal care at Tower Health Obstetrical practices.
Who cannot join
- Hypertensive disorders (chronic hypertension, gestation hypertension, pre-eclampsia, HELLP syndrome; hypertension defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg collected on two occasions four hours apart. Upon a new diagnosis of gestational hypertension, the patients would then be excluded. Chronic hypertensive patients are excluded by default.), significant cardiac history (history of myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy), positive drug screen on admission for cocaine or amphetamines (to be performed per hospital policy and provider discretion), fetal malpresentation, hepatic impairment to include a known history of fatty liver disease, cirrhosis or previously documented abnormal liver function testing (AST >39, ALT >52) or lack of prenatal care.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Reading Hospital Labor & Delivery
West Reading, Pennsylvania, 19611
About this study
Official title: Caffeine in the Second Stage: A Randomized Control Trial in Low-risk Nulliparous Mothers at Term
Single blind, randomized control trial to determine benefit of caffeine and sodium benzoate on the second stage of labor
Read the detailed description
Patients will present to the Women's Health Center as part of their prenatal visits or to Labor and Delivery for induction of labor or in spontaneous labor. Starting at 36 weeks gestation in the clinic or upon arrival to the labor floor, the inclusion criteria specified above will be applied by the OB Resident. Upon meeting criteria, the OB Resident will speak to the patient and gather any information typically needed for their visit/admission. Upon conclusion of the visit/admission, the OB Resident will discuss the consent form with the patient and inquire about interest to participate in the study. If interested in participation, the consent form will be signed by the patient, the resident, and a witness. At that time the patient will be designated a number for tracking purposes and a caffeine food frequency questionnaire will be completed. Patients who are involved in the study will have their problem list updated for tracking and will be designated on the labor board at time of arrival to maintain continuity of care within and across shifts. At time of arrival to the labor floor the OB resident with confirm desire to proceed with the study and record caffeine intake on the day of admission. Based on the previously assigned number, the patient will be placed into the treatment or placebo arm based upon a randomization schedule held by the OB resident team. At the time of labor, patient management will take place by the OB team with no impact by study involvement. At the time the patient is noted to be 10 cm dilated administration of either 500 cc normal saline (NS) or 250 mg of caffeine sodium benzoate (125 mg caffeine, 125 mg sodium benzoate) in 500 cc NS over 2 hours at a rate of 250 ml/hr will be performed. The time the intervention is given will be annotated on the labor board. The solutions will be kept in the hospital pharmacy and will be sent to the labor floor upon placement of the order in epic by the OB resident. The length of the second stage as well as the time and method of delivery, indication, blood loss and fetal APGARs will be documented in EPIC as part of the normal flow of documentation. All data will be extrapolated from EPIC, de-identified and stored in REDCap for organization and application of data analysis.
The intent of this project is to utilize a well-studied substance with the potential to improve cognitive and physiologic performance in a novel setting for a population that has a baseline risk for morbidity. The length of the overall labor process often results in a state of exhaustion for mothers prior to being required to spend potentially 2-4 hours actively pushing. The provision of caffeine may improve energy, mood and physiologic performance and reduce the incidence of operative deliveries, shorten the second stage of labor and reduce maternal blood loss. If the results of this study are demonstrated to be significant, the administration of caffeine is a low-risk intervention that may be considered for implementation across populations and potentially reduce maternal morbidity worldwide.
- Conditions
- Second Stage of Labor
- Being tested
- Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection, Normal Saline
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate InjectionDrug
Provide caffeine to shorten second stage of labor and augment pushing efforts
Normal SalineDrug
Provide normal saline to serve as a placebo
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Caffeine and sodium benzoate | Experimental | Patients will received 250 mg IV caffeine and sodium benzoate (125 mg each) dissolved in 500 cc normal saline which will be administered over the course of two hours upon determination the patient is 10 cm in cervical dilation. Receives: Drug: Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Patients will received 500 cc normal saline which will be administered over the course of two hours upon determination the patient is 10 cm in cervical dilation. Receives: Drug: Normal Saline |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Shortened second stage of labor
Decrease in the length of the second stage of labor compared to the placebo group
Measured: one year
Reduction in maternal blood loss
Decrease in quantitative blood loss in the intervention group compared to placebo
Measured: one year
Secondary outcomes (2)
Incidence of operative delivery
Reduction in the incidence of operative delivery for maternal exhaustion in the intervention group
Measured: one year
Fetal APGAR score
Evaluate improvements in fetal APGARs and incidence of apnea of prematurity
Measured: one year
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Jun 2023
- Study start1 Dec 2023 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Dec 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Feb 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Second Stage of LaborStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- Single Blind, Randomized control trial
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- The Reading Hospital and Medical Center
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Daniel Jiang, MD, Principal investigator, Reading Hospital Tower Health
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05906303
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2022-113
- Status last verified
- Aug 2023
- First submitted
- 7 Jun 2023
- Last updated
- 14 Sep 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: No individual data to be shared
Publications
Headaches in Pregnancy and Postpartum: ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline No. 3. Obstet Gynecol. 2022 May 1;139(5):944-972. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004766.
PubMed 35576364ACOG CommitteeOpinion No. 462: Moderate caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Aug;116(2 Pt 1):467-468. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181eeb2a1.
PubMed 20664420Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, Brorby GP, Britt J, Myers E, Goldberger J, Lieberman HR, O'Brien C, Peck J, Tenenbein M, Weaver C, Harvey S, Urban J, Doepker C. Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 Nov;109(Pt 1):585-648. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 Apr 21.
PubMed 28438661Steinbrook RA, Garfield F, Batista SH, Urman RD. Caffeine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Oct;29(4):526-9. doi: 10.4103/0970-9185.119170.
PubMed 24249992Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, Driscoll AK, Drake P. Births: Final Data for 2017. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2018 Nov;67(8):1-50.
PubMed 30707672Yucel A, Ozyalcin S, Talu GK, Yucel EC, Erdine S. Intravenous administration of caffeine sodium benzoate for postdural puncture headache. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1999 Jan-Feb;24(1):51-4.
PubMed 9952095Operative Vaginal Birth: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 219. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Apr;135(4):e149-e159. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003764.
PubMed 32217976Zhang J, Landy HJ, Ware Branch D, Burkman R, Haberman S, Gregory KD, Hatjis CG, Ramirez MM, Bailit JL, Gonzalez-Quintero VH, Hibbard JU, Hoffman MK, Kominiarek M, Learman LA, Van Veldhuisen P, Troendle J, Reddy UM; Consortium on Safe Labor. Contemporary patterns of spontaneous labor with normal neonatal outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Dec;116(6):1281-1287. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181fdef6e.
PubMed 21099592Sheiner E, Sarid L, Levy A, Seidman DS, Hallak M. Obstetric risk factors and outcome of pregnancies complicated with early postpartum hemorrhage: a population-based study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2005 Sep;18(3):149-54. doi: 10.1080/14767050500170088.
PubMed 16272036Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, Tuncalp O, Moller AB, Daniels J, Gulmezoglu AM, Temmerman M, Alkema L. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Jun;2(6):e323-33. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X. Epub 2014 May 5.
PubMed 25103301Southward K, Rutherfurd-Markwick KJ, Ali A. The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2018 Aug;48(8):1913-1928. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0939-8.
PubMed 29876876Guest NS, VanDusseldorp TA, Nelson MT, Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Jenkins NDM, Arent SM, Antonio J, Stout JR, Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Goldstein ER, Kalman DS, Campbell BI. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Jan 2;18(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4.
PubMed 33388079Song YJ, Kristal AR, Wicklund KG, Cushing-Haugen KL, Rossing MA. Coffee, tea, colas, and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Mar;17(3):712-6. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2511.
PubMed 18349292Rosenbloom JI, Rottenstreich A, Yagel S, Sompolinksy Y, Levin G. The length of the second stage of labor in nulliparous, multiparous, grand-multiparous, and grand-grand multiparous women in a large modern cohort. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020 Oct;253:273-277. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.08.029. Epub 2020 Aug 23.
PubMed 32898773
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Sep 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Caffeine in the Second Stage: A Randomized Control Trial in Low-risk Nulliparous Mothers at Term
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05906303
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2022-113
- Conditions
- Second Stage of Labor
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- The Reading Hospital and Medical CenterUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2023 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Dec 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Feb 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 15 Jun 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Single blind, randomized control trial to determine benefit of caffeine and sodium benzoate on the second stage of labor
Detailed description
Patients will present to the Women's Health Center as part of their prenatal visits or to Labor and Delivery for induction of labor or in spontaneous labor. Starting at 36 weeks gestation in the clinic or upon arrival to the labor floor, the inclusion criteria specified above will be applied by the OB Resident. Upon meeting criteria, the OB Resident will speak to the patient and gather any information typically needed for their visit/admission. Upon conclusion of the visit/admission, the OB Resident will discuss the consent form with the patient and inquire about interest to participate in the study. If interested in participation, the consent form will be signed by the patient, the resident, and a witness. At that time the patient will be designated a number for tracking purposes and a caffeine food frequency questionnaire will be completed. Patients who are involved in the study will have their problem list updated for tracking and will be designated on the labor board at time of arrival to maintain continuity of care within and across shifts. At time of arrival to the labor floor the OB resident with confirm desire to proceed with the study and record caffeine intake on the day of admission. Based on the previously assigned number, the patient will be placed into the treatment or placebo arm based upon a randomization schedule held by the OB resident team. At the time of labor, patient management will take place by the OB team with no impact by study involvement. At the time the patient is noted to be 10 cm dilated administration of either 500 cc normal saline (NS) or 250 mg of caffeine sodium benzoate (125 mg caffeine, 125 mg sodium benzoate) in 500 cc NS over 2 hours at a rate of 250 ml/hr will be performed. The time the intervention is given will be annotated on the labor board. The solutions will be kept in the hospital pharmacy and will be sent to the labor floor upon placement of the order in epic by the OB resident. The length of the second stage as well as the time and method of delivery, indication, blood loss and fetal APGARs will be documented in EPIC as part of the normal flow of documentation. All data will be extrapolated from EPIC, de-identified and stored in REDCap for organization and application of data analysis.
The intent of this project is to utilize a well-studied substance with the potential to improve cognitive and physiologic performance in a novel setting for a population that has a baseline risk for morbidity. The length of the overall labor process often results in a state of exhaustion for mothers prior to being required to spend potentially 2-4 hours actively pushing. The provision of caffeine may improve energy, mood and physiologic performance and reduce the incidence of operative deliveries, shorten the second stage of labor and reduce maternal blood loss. If the results of this study are demonstrated to be significant, the administration of caffeine is a low-risk intervention that may be considered for implementation across populations and potentially reduce maternal morbidity worldwide.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Single Blind, Randomized control trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Caffeine and sodium benzoate | Experimental | Drug: Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate InjectionPatients will received 250 mg IV caffeine and sodium benzoate (125 mg each) dissolved in 500 cc normal saline which will be administered over the course of two hours upon determination the patient is 10 cm in cervical dilation. |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: Normal SalinePatients will received 500 cc normal saline which will be administered over the course of two hours upon determination the patient is 10 cm in cervical dilation. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Nulliparous pregnant mothers at term (37 weeks gestation and above), 18-45 years of age, intravenous access. Patients receiving prenatal care at Tower Health Obstetrical practices.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Hypertensive disorders (chronic hypertension, gestation hypertension, pre-eclampsia, HELLP syndrome; hypertension defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg collected on two occasions four hours apart. Upon a new diagnosis of gestational hypertension, the patients would then be excluded. Chronic hypertensive patients are excluded by default.), significant cardiac history (history of myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy), positive drug screen on admission for cocaine or amphetamines (to be performed per hospital policy and provider discretion), fetal malpresentation, hepatic impairment to include a known history of fatty liver disease, cirrhosis or previously documented abnormal liver function testing (AST >39, ALT >52) or lack of prenatal care.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate InjectionProvide caffeine to shorten second stage of labor and augment pushing efforts | Drug | Caffeine and sodium benzoate |
| Normal SalineProvide normal saline to serve as a placebo | Drug | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Shortened second stage of labor
Time frame: one year
Decrease in the length of the second stage of labor compared to the placebo group
Reduction in maternal blood loss
Time frame: one year
Decrease in quantitative blood loss in the intervention group compared to placebo
2 secondary outcomes
Incidence of operative delivery
Time frame: one year
Fetal APGAR score
Time frame: one year
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Sep 2023.
- Background: PubMed 35576364Headaches in Pregnancy and Postpartum: ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline No. 3. Obstet Gynecol. 2022 May 1;139(5):944-972. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004766.
- Background: PubMed 20664420ACOG CommitteeOpinion No. 462: Moderate caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Aug;116(2 Pt 1):467-468. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181eeb2a1.
- Background: PubMed 28438661Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, Brorby GP, Britt J, Myers E, Goldberger J, Lieberman HR, O'Brien C, Peck J, Tenenbein M, Weaver C, Harvey S, Urban J, Doepker C. Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 Nov;109(Pt 1):585-648. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 Apr 21.
- Background: PubMed 24249992Steinbrook RA, Garfield F, Batista SH, Urman RD. Caffeine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Oct;29(4):526-9. doi: 10.4103/0970-9185.119170.
- Background: PubMed 30707672Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, Driscoll AK, Drake P. Births: Final Data for 2017. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2018 Nov;67(8):1-50.
- Background: PubMed 9952095Yucel A, Ozyalcin S, Talu GK, Yucel EC, Erdine S. Intravenous administration of caffeine sodium benzoate for postdural puncture headache. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1999 Jan-Feb;24(1):51-4.
- Background: PubMed 32217976Operative Vaginal Birth: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 219. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Apr;135(4):e149-e159. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003764.
- Background: PubMed 21099592Zhang J, Landy HJ, Ware Branch D, Burkman R, Haberman S, Gregory KD, Hatjis CG, Ramirez MM, Bailit JL, Gonzalez-Quintero VH, Hibbard JU, Hoffman MK, Kominiarek M, Learman LA, Van Veldhuisen P, Troendle J, Reddy UM; Consortium on Safe Labor. Contemporary patterns of spontaneous labor with normal neonatal outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Dec;116(6):1281-1287. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181fdef6e.
- Background: PubMed 16272036Sheiner E, Sarid L, Levy A, Seidman DS, Hallak M. Obstetric risk factors and outcome of pregnancies complicated with early postpartum hemorrhage: a population-based study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2005 Sep;18(3):149-54. doi: 10.1080/14767050500170088.
- Background: PubMed 25103301Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, Tuncalp O, Moller AB, Daniels J, Gulmezoglu AM, Temmerman M, Alkema L. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Jun;2(6):e323-33. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X. Epub 2014 May 5.
- Background: PubMed 29876876Southward K, Rutherfurd-Markwick KJ, Ali A. The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2018 Aug;48(8):1913-1928. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0939-8.
- Background: PubMed 33388079Guest NS, VanDusseldorp TA, Nelson MT, Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Jenkins NDM, Arent SM, Antonio J, Stout JR, Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Goldstein ER, Kalman DS, Campbell BI. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Jan 2;18(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. No individual data to be shared
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Daniel Jiang, MD principal investigator
Reading Hospital Tower Health
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1 study testing Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection and Normal Saline in people with Second Stage of Labor, run by The Reading Hospital and Medical Center at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Sep 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Daniel Jiang, MD (4846288981, daniel.jiang@towerhealth.org), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Shortened second stage of labor (time frame: one year). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05906303, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Sep 2023.