The Efficacy of Hand Injuries Rehabilitation Intervention Program That Incorporated Ethnic and Cultural Reference

MHISS is an objective anatomical assessment specifically designed for hand injuries. The hand injuries can be divided into four broad categories, such as "Minor" (< 20 moderate (21-50 points), severe (51-100 points), and major (≥ 101 points) "Major" (worst injury). Injury severity quantified using MHISS is an important determinant of return to work after hand or forearm injury

It Measures grip and pinch strength ,respectively.

Measures low threshold of touch perception on an ordinal scale

Pain

The 19-item return-to-work self-efficacy (RTWSE-19) scale is a self-report measure intended to assess workers' beliefs of their current ability to resume normal job responsibilities following pain onset. Scores range from 1-10 which is obtained by summing all item scores and divide them by 19.

A self-report questionnaire that aims to identify: 1. Potential work environment and job tasks obstacles 2. Overall level of restriction drawn by the obstacles, 3. Subjects' perception of the possibilities to make adaptations (PPMA) that might make work more accessible. The questionnaire is composed of 67 items separated into two parts. The first part assesses possible environmental barriers. The second part assesses possible job task barriers (including task limitations) in three categories: physical, cognitive and communication barriers. In each category, the items are measured by level of restriction scale (0 to 4) and PPMA (yes/no/no need for adaptation). In the second part, the frequency of the task is also estimated (0 to 4). Finally, two items assess the perception of the person on the extent of the employer's cooperation and the need for therapeutic mediation.

The Readiness for RTW scale is developed and validated in a Canadian cohort study it consist of 13 questions for people not working which includes Precontemplation, Contemplation, prepared for action (self-evaluative and behavioral) and 9 questions for people working which include Uncertain maintenance and Proactive maintenance. Psychometric properties of the newly developed instrument suggest that the application of the Readiness for Change model to return-to-work is relevant to work disability research. Confirmatory factor analyses had satisfactory fit indices to confirm the initial model.

A self-report return to work measure RTW at baseline and follow up. The baseline questionnaire has 24-items and elicits the following information: date of injury, days off because of the injury, current work status, reasons for not working and claim-related questions. The follow-up questionnaire is composed of 12- items addressing current working status, expectations for returning to work and reasons for not working. Nine of the items in the follow-up questionnaire are the same as the baseline questionnaire and five of them are used to generate the return-to-work status.The participant's return-to-work status could be defined as working with no modifications, working with modifications, tried to go back to work, in labor market retraining (LMR), gone back to school, or not working

The Work Behavior Inventory (WBI) is a standardized work performance assessment instrument specifically designed for people with severe mental illness. Test construction employed rational and empirical approaches yielding a 36-item inventory with five scales. It assesses vocational functioning for people with severe mental illness. It is rated in a work setting by an employment specialist through observation and an interview with the immediate supervisor.(Bull et al., 2015).

An instrument for assessing positive outcomes reported by persons who have experienced traumatic events. This 21-item scale includes factors of New Possibilities, Relating to Others, Personal Strength, Spiritual Change, and Appreciation of Life

Measurement of health status. Provides a summering measure of functioning and disability that is reliable and valid across geographic regions, diagnostic groups, ages and genders. Can measure severity, monitor impact of programs, determine the score of individuals or groups in relation to the general population, or compare groups with respect to their disability. Explores what people do in different areas of life. All domains are mapped directly on ICF's activity and participation component: cognition, mobility, self-care, interpersonal interaction, life activities, and participation in society.

This short version of the SF-36 tool consists of 12 items and eight scales: physical functioning (PF), role limitations due to physical problems (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), social functioning (SF), role limitations due to emotional problems (RE), and perceived mental health (MH). It has 35 possible response choice indicator variables; for example, the physical functioning item has three response choice categories, 1(yes, limited a lot), 2 (yes, limited a little), 3 (no, not limited at all). The composite physical (PCS) and mental health (MCS) scores are computed using the scores of the 12 items, ranging from 0 to 100, where zero reflects the lowest health level and 100 the highest level

single-item assessment tool, that is, whether or not the participant was satisfied with his/her a) current job and b) family life. Satisfaction items were scored on a four-point Likert scale with an option of 1) satisfied, 2) fairly satisfied, 3) fairly dissatisfied, and 4) dissatisfied. It was reversely scored so that higher score indicates a higher level of satisfaction. These items were taken from the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire, The items have been frequently used in past studies to measure job and family satisfaction at the workplaces14-16). The test-retest stability over 1 yr with job and life satisfaction was rs=0.468 and rs=0.567, respectively (p<0.001).