Cognitive Flexibility Among Female TeenagersT2DM-AMSNCT05873478
Correlation of Anti-gravity Muscle Strength With Glycemic Control, Duration of Disease, and Neuropathy Severity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
An observational study of Cognitive Flexibility Among Female Teenagers, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
The study suggests that the high intensity exercise training program is beneficial for the female teenagers to enhance their cognitive abilities along with the physical strengthening. It also helps the teenagers to increase their mental health for better health and memory. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 to 19 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Cognitive Flexibility Among Female Teenagers
- What is being tested?
- High Intensity Interval Training
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 6 Feb 2023to 15 Aug 2023
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 to 19 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Study population: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Who may be able to join
- Participants falling in this category would be recruited into the study.
- Female gender only
- Age 13-19 years of female teenagers
- Absence of serious medical or mental illness
- volunteered to participate in this study
Who cannot join
- Participants failing to fall in this category would be excluded from the study. Diagnosed Psychiatric illness Acute or Chronic Pain and Infections Known case of bone fragility Unstable cardiovascular disease Severe cognitive, visual, or auditory impairment
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Correlation of Anti-Gravity Muscle Strength With Glycemic Control, Duration of Disease, and Neuropathy Severity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
The study suggests that the high intensity exercise training program is beneficial for the female teenagers to enhance their cognitive abilities along with the physical strengthening. It also helps the teenagers to increase their mental health for better health and memory.
Read the detailed description
The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of high-intensity interval training on cognitive flexibility among female teenagers. The current study suggests that the high intensity physical training improves the cognitive ability of the participants. Evidence indicates that regular physical activity and high intensity interval training improves the physical strengthening and corresponding improvements in cardiopulmonary physical fitness that results in the increase in cerebral perfusion and vasoreactivity across the human lifespan. The betterment in the cerebral perfusion leads to better cognitive ability and mental health.
The physical activity program comprises 8 weeks consisting of Low-intensity interval training in the first week to high-intensity interval training in the 8th week. Participants of the two groups i.e., experimental and control groups were assessed at baseline fourth and eighth week by Digital Span and Mini mental state examination.
The current study from the statistical analysis suggests that better results are obtained by high intensity physical activity among the female teenagers overtime both in terms of cognitive ability and physical strength.
- Being tested
- High Intensity Interval Training
- Keywords
- Cognitive Flexibility, High Intensity Interval Training, High Intensity Exercises, Digital Span Test, Mini Mental State Examination
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
High Intensity Interval TrainingOther
The HIIT sessions ranging from 4-12 minutes in duration for 8 weeks in which three sessions will be conducted each week (weeks 1-3: 4 minutes; weeks 4-6: 8 minutes; weeks 7-8: 12 minutes respectively), with a work to rest ratio of 30sec: 10sec, as mention in table 1. Experimental group/HIT group engaged in their HIIT sessions (inclusive of a short warm-up activity including dynamic exercises i.e., walking/running, 8-10 minutes of HIIT and cool down which include static exercises i.e., shoulder and hip muscle stretches). Session duration and intensity are increased with weekly progression in intervention groups. The high resistance training sessions was be delivered by the researcher to HIT group
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental (High Intensity Interval Training) | High Intensity Interval Training for 8 weeks, which include lunges, squatting sprinting and other exercises. Receives: Other: High Intensity Interval Training | |
| Control (No Intervention) | Control Group received no intervention they all will be engaged in normal daily routines. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Digit Span (DGS)
Cognitive Flexibilty was assessed by Digit Span (DGS), is a measure of verbal short-term and working memory that can be used in two formats, Forward Digit Span and Reverse Digit Span. This is a verbal task, with stimuli presented auditory, and responses spoken by the participant and scored accordingly
Measured: Baseline to 8 weeks
Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)
The MMSE is a brief screening tool that provides a quantitative assessment of cognitive impairment and records cognitive changes over time (23). The maximum score for the MMSE is 30. A score of 25 or higher is classed as normal. If the score is below 24, the result is usually considered to be abnormal, indicating possible cognitive impairment.
Measured: Baseline to 8 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 May 2023
- Study start6 Feb 2023
- Primary completion30 Jul 2023
- Study completion15 Aug 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Cognitive Flexibility Among Female TeenagersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Riphah International UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Waqar Ahmed Awan, PhD, Principal investigator, Faculty of Rehabilitation & Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05873478
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- RIPHAH/FR&AHS/Letter-014841
- Acronym
- T2DM-AMS
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 9 Feb 2023
- Last updated
- 27 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Correlation of Anti-Gravity Muscle Strength With Glycemic Control, Duration of Disease, and Neuropathy Severity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05873478
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- T2DM-AMS / RIPHAH/FR&AHS/Letter-014841
- Keywords
- Cognitive Flexibility, High Intensity Interval Training, High Intensity Exercises, Digital Span Test, Mini Mental State Examination
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 6 Feb 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Aug 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 May 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The study suggests that the high intensity exercise training program is beneficial for the female teenagers to enhance their cognitive abilities along with the physical strengthening. It also helps the teenagers to increase their mental health for better health and memory.
Detailed description
The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of high-intensity interval training on cognitive flexibility among female teenagers. The current study suggests that the high intensity physical training improves the cognitive ability of the participants. Evidence indicates that regular physical activity and high intensity interval training improves the physical strengthening and corresponding improvements in cardiopulmonary physical fitness that results in the increase in cerebral perfusion and vasoreactivity across the human lifespan. The betterment in the cerebral perfusion leads to better cognitive ability and mental health.
The physical activity program comprises 8 weeks consisting of Low-intensity interval training in the first week to high-intensity interval training in the 8th week. Participants of the two groups i.e., experimental and control groups were assessed at baseline fourth and eighth week by Digital Span and Mini mental state examination.
The current study from the statistical analysis suggests that better results are obtained by high intensity physical activity among the female teenagers overtime both in terms of cognitive ability and physical strength.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental (High Intensity Interval Training) | – | Other: High Intensity Interval TrainingHigh Intensity Interval Training for 8 weeks, which include lunges, squatting sprinting and other exercises. |
| Control (No Intervention) | – | –Control Group received no intervention they all will be engaged in normal daily routines. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 to 19 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
- Study population
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Participants falling in this category would be recruited into the study.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Participants failing to fall in this category would be excluded from the study. Diagnosed Psychiatric illness Acute or Chronic Pain and Infections Known case of bone fragility Unstable cardiovascular disease Severe cognitive, visual, or auditory impairment
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| High Intensity Interval TrainingThe HIIT sessions ranging from 4-12 minutes in duration for 8 weeks in which three sessions will be conducted each week (weeks 1-3: 4 minutes; weeks 4-6: 8 minutes; weeks 7-8: 12 minutes respectively), with a work to rest ratio of 30sec: 10sec, as mention in table 1. Experimental group/HIT group engaged in their HIIT sessions (inclusive of a short warm-up activity including dynamic exercises i.e., walking/running, 8-10 minutes of HIIT and cool down which include static exercises i.e., shoulder and hip muscle stretches). Session duration and intensity are increased with weekly progression in intervention groups. The high resistance training sessions was be delivered by the researcher to HIT group | Other | Experimental (High Intensity Interval Training) |
Primary outcome
Digit Span (DGS)
Time frame: Baseline to 8 weeks
Cognitive Flexibilty was assessed by Digit Span (DGS), is a measure of verbal short-term and working memory that can be used in two formats, Forward Digit Span and Reverse Digit Span. This is a verbal task, with stimuli presented auditory, and responses spoken by the participant and scored accordingly
Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Time frame: Baseline to 8 weeks
The MMSE is a brief screening tool that provides a quantitative assessment of cognitive impairment and records cognitive changes over time (23). The maximum score for the MMSE is 30. A score of 25 or higher is classed as normal. If the score is below 24, the result is usually considered to be abnormal, indicating possible cognitive impairment.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Waqar Ahmed Awan, PhD principal investigator
Faculty of Rehabilitation & Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Cognitive Flexibility Among Female Teenagers, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Digit Span (DGS) (time frame: Baseline to 8 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Aug 2026.