Periodontal InflammationNCT05864768
The Role of Diet in Periodontal Inflammation: A Controlled Clinical Study
A study testing Vegan/vegetarian diet and Omnivorous diet in people with Periodontal Inflammation and Periodontal Diseases, run by G. d'Annunzio University at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
Diet can influence the body's healing and repair mechanisms. A dietary imbalance obviously cannot trigger periodontal disease in the absence of a primum movens, which is bacterial plaque. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Periodontal Inflammation, Periodontal Diseases
- What is being tested?
- Vegan/vegetarian diet and Omnivorous diet
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 36 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 16 Feb 2023to 30 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Optimal systemic health conditions
- Non-Smoking
- Absence of cardio-vascular pathologies
- Absence of pulmonary pathologies
- Non-diabetic
- Not pregnant
Show all 11Show fewer
- Presence of 28 teeth without prosthetic crowns or subgingival/juxtagingival interproximal restorations
- FMPS <20% at baseline
- FMBS <20% at baseline
- Omnivorous or vegan diet for at least a year
- Absence of periodontitis
Who cannot join
- Smokers
- Presence of systemic pathologies
- Presence of cardio-vascular disease
- Presence of periodontitis
- FMPS>20% at baseline
- FMBS>20% at baseline
Show all 14Show fewer
- Pregnant women
- Presence of blood pathologies
- Taking medicines (hydantoins, nifedipine or cyclosporine)
- Taking oral contraceptives
- Bacterial, viral or fungal infections
- Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis
- Mucocutaneous disorders
- Allergic reactions to toothpastes and mouthwashes
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Experimental Gingivitis in Omnivores and Vegans. The Role of Diet in Periodontal Inflammation: A Controlled Clinical Study
Diet can influence the body's healing and repair mechanisms. A dietary imbalance obviously cannot trigger periodontal disease in the absence of a primum movens, which is bacterial plaque. However, it can condition its severity and extent by altering the permeability of the oral mucosa, the effectiveness of the immune response and the reparative potential of the gingival tissues.
Nutraceuticals is the science that studies the effects of the so-called food-drug, i.e. those foods that contain substances capable of performing a pharmacological function, modifying the functions of the organism. In particular, some molecules that are assimilated through various foods are able to penetrate the cell nucleus and influence, through an epigenetic mechanism, the expression or otherwise of some genes. The aim of the present longitudinal quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the gingival inflammatory response to experimentally induced plaque accumulation in periodontally healthy vegans and omnivores and to explore whether systemic biomarkers mediated the observed clinical effects.
- Conditions
- Periodontal Inflammation, Periodontal Diseases
- Being tested
- Vegan/vegetarian diet, Omnivorous diet
- Keywords
- Experimental Gengivitis, Nutraceutical, Periodontal Inflammation
- Medical subject headings
- Periodontal Diseases
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Vegan/vegetarian dietDietary supplement
At baseline, following the compilation of a periodontal chart in which pocket probing depth (PPD) and FMPS and FMBS were recorded, patients with pathological probing depths >3mm associated with periodontitis were excluded. Healthy patients underwent a prophylaxis session and oral hygiene instructions with brushing and flossing. A mouthwash based on chlorhexifdine 0.20% to be used twice a day was prescribed.
At 15 days from the baseline (T0) the periodontal chart was compiled again and the parameters relating to PD, FMP, FMBS and the Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI) were collected. Patients with FMBS and FMPS values >20% were excluded.
From time T0 all patients were asked to suspend the interdental hygiene maneuvers by interrupting the use of dental floss and abandoning the use of mouthwash. All patients were recalled weekly, for a total of 4 times (T1, T2, T3, T4) in which parameters related to FMBS, FMPS and EIBI were recorded.
Omnivorous dietDietary supplement
At baseline, following the compilation of a periodontal chart in which pocket probing depth (PPD) and FMPS and FMBS were recorded, patients with pathological probing depths >3mm associated with periodontitis were excluded. Healthy patients underwent a prophylaxis session and oral hygiene instructions with brushing and flossing. A mouthwash based on chlorhexifdine 0.20% to be used twice a day was prescribed.
At 15 days from the baseline (T0) the periodontal chart was compiled again and the parameters relating to PD, FMP, FMBS and the Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI) were collected. Patients with FMBS and FMPS values >20% were excluded.
From time T0 all patients were asked to suspend the interdental hygiene maneuvers by interrupting the use of dental floss and abandoning the use of mouthwash. All patients were recalled weekly, for a total of 4 times (T1, T2, T3, T4) in which parameters related to FMBS, FMPS and EIBI were recorded.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Patients with a vegan diet | Experimental | After excluding patients with clinical signs of periodontitis, the patients recruited at baseline underwent prophylaxis and home oral hygiene instructions were given with brushing and flossing in order to reduce the parameters of inflammation and the presence of plaque (FMPS andFMBS).
After patient recruitment and prior to baseline assessment, fasting venous blood samples will be collected to evaluate metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and hematological parameters, including fasting glucose, lipid profile, CRP, d-ROMs, BAP, and complete blood count. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) will be calculated.
After 15 days from baseline (T0) all patients were recorded the parameters of FMPS, FMBS, and Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI) and were asked to stop using dental floss and mouthwash. All patients were recalled weekly 4 times after T0 (T1, T2, T3,T4) in order to monitor the parameters of inflammation and plaque accumulation by recording FMBS, FMPS and EIBI. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Vegan/vegetarian diet |
| Patients with an omnivorous diet | Active comparator | After excluding patients with clinical signs of periodontitis, the patients recruited at baseline underwent prophylaxis and home oral hygiene instructions were given with brushing and flossing in order to reduce the parameters of inflammation and the presence of plaque (FMPS and FMBS).
After patient recruitment and prior to baseline assessment, fasting venous blood samples will be collected to evaluate metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and hematological parameters, including fasting glucose, lipid profile, CRP, d-ROMs, BAP, and complete blood count. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) will be calculated.
After 15 days from baseline (T0) all patients were recorded the parameters of FMPS, FMBS and Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI) and were asked to stop using dental floss and mouthwash. All patients were recalled weekly 4 times after T0 (T1, T2, T3, T4) in order to monitor the parameters of inflammation and plaque accumulation by recording FMBS, FMPS and EIBI. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Omnivorous diet |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index
A wooden wedge is inserted buccally into the interdental space 1-2 mm, perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth, to assess for the presence of interdental inflammation (Yes/No).
Measured: Four weeks
Secondary outcomes (2)
Full Mouth Plaque Score
Index that evaluates the general presence of bacterial plaque for all teeth. Through the passage of the probe, the presence of plaque deposits is reported for 4 surfaces for each tooth. A ratio is made between the contaminated surfaces and the total surfaces investigated to obtain a percentage value.
Measured: Four weeks
Full Mouth Bleeding Score
Index that evaluates the general presence of bleeding for all teeth. Through the insertion of a periodontal probe, the presence of bleeding on probing is signaled for 4 sites for each tooth. A ratio is made between the bleeding sites and the total sites investigated to obtain a percentage value.
Measured: Four weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 May 2023
- Study start16 Feb 2023
- Primary completion30 Apr 2025
- Study completion30 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Periodontal InflammationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- G. d'Annunzio University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Michele Paolantonio, G. d'Annunzio University
- Investigators
- Michele Paolantonio, MD; DDS, Principal investigator, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05864768
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 11012023
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 23 Jan 2023
- Last updated
- 28 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Experimental Gingivitis in Omnivores and Vegans. The Role of Diet in Periodontal Inflammation: A Controlled Clinical Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05864768
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 11012023
- Conditions
- Periodontal Inflammation, Periodontal Diseases
- Keywords
- Experimental Gengivitis, Nutraceutical, Periodontal Inflammation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- G. d'Annunzio UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 16 Feb 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 May 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Diet can influence the body's healing and repair mechanisms. A dietary imbalance obviously cannot trigger periodontal disease in the absence of a primum movens, which is bacterial plaque. However, it can condition its severity and extent by altering the permeability of the oral mucosa, the effectiveness of the immune response and the reparative potential of the gingival tissues.
Nutraceuticals is the science that studies the effects of the so-called food-drug, i.e. those foods that contain substances capable of performing a pharmacological function, modifying the functions of the organism. In particular, some molecules that are assimilated through various foods are able to penetrate the cell nucleus and influence, through an epigenetic mechanism, the expression or otherwise of some genes. The aim of the present longitudinal quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the gingival inflammatory response to experimentally induced plaque accumulation in periodontally healthy vegans and omnivores and to explore whether systemic biomarkers mediated the observed clinical effects.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Patients with a vegan diet | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Vegan/vegetarian dietAfter excluding patients with clinical signs of periodontitis, the patients recruited at baseline underwent prophylaxis and home oral hygiene instructions were given with brushing and flossing in order to reduce the parameters of inflammation and the presence of plaque (FMPS andFMBS). After patient recruitment and prior to baseline assessment, fasting venous blood samples will be collected to evaluate metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and hematological parameters, including fasting glucose, lipid profile, CRP, d-ROMs, BAP, and complete blood count. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) will be calculated. After 15 days from baseline (T0) all patients were recorded the parameters of FMPS, FMBS, and Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI) and were asked to stop using dental floss and mouthwash. All patients were recalled weekly 4 times after T0 (T1, T2, T3,T4) in order to monitor the parameters of inflammation and plaque accumulation by recording FMBS, FMPS and EIBI. |
| Patients with an omnivorous diet | Active comparator | Dietary Supplement: Omnivorous dietAfter excluding patients with clinical signs of periodontitis, the patients recruited at baseline underwent prophylaxis and home oral hygiene instructions were given with brushing and flossing in order to reduce the parameters of inflammation and the presence of plaque (FMPS and FMBS). After patient recruitment and prior to baseline assessment, fasting venous blood samples will be collected to evaluate metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and hematological parameters, including fasting glucose, lipid profile, CRP, d-ROMs, BAP, and complete blood count. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) will be calculated. After 15 days from baseline (T0) all patients were recorded the parameters of FMPS, FMBS and Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI) and were asked to stop using dental floss and mouthwash. All patients were recalled weekly 4 times after T0 (T1, T2, T3, T4) in order to monitor the parameters of inflammation and plaque accumulation by recording FMBS, FMPS and EIBI. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Optimal systemic health conditions
- Non-Smoking
- Absence of cardio-vascular pathologies
- Absence of pulmonary pathologies
- Non-diabetic
Key exclusion criteria (14 listed)
- Smokers
- Presence of systemic pathologies
- Presence of cardio-vascular disease
- Presence of periodontitis
- FMPS>20% at baseline
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Vegan/vegetarian dietAt baseline, following the compilation of a periodontal chart in which pocket probing depth (PPD) and FMPS and FMBS were recorded, patients with pathological probing depths >3mm associated with periodontitis were excluded. Healthy patients underwent a prophylaxis session and oral hygiene instructions with brushing and flossing. A mouthwash based on chlorhexifdine 0.20% to be used twice a day was prescribed. At 15 days from the baseline (T0) the periodontal chart was compiled again and the parameters relating to PD, FMP, FMBS and the Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI) were collected. Patients with FMBS and FMPS values >20% were excluded. From time T0 all patients were asked to suspend the interdental hygiene maneuvers by interrupting the use of dental floss and abandoning the use of mouthwash. All patients were recalled weekly, for a total of 4 times (T1, T2, T3, T4) in which parameters related to FMBS, FMPS and EIBI were recorded. | Dietary supplement | Patients with a vegan diet |
| Omnivorous dietAt baseline, following the compilation of a periodontal chart in which pocket probing depth (PPD) and FMPS and FMBS were recorded, patients with pathological probing depths >3mm associated with periodontitis were excluded. Healthy patients underwent a prophylaxis session and oral hygiene instructions with brushing and flossing. A mouthwash based on chlorhexifdine 0.20% to be used twice a day was prescribed. At 15 days from the baseline (T0) the periodontal chart was compiled again and the parameters relating to PD, FMP, FMBS and the Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI) were collected. Patients with FMBS and FMPS values >20% were excluded. From time T0 all patients were asked to suspend the interdental hygiene maneuvers by interrupting the use of dental floss and abandoning the use of mouthwash. All patients were recalled weekly, for a total of 4 times (T1, T2, T3, T4) in which parameters related to FMBS, FMPS and EIBI were recorded. | Dietary supplement | Patients with an omnivorous diet |
Primary outcome
Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index
Time frame: Four weeks
A wooden wedge is inserted buccally into the interdental space 1-2 mm, perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth, to assess for the presence of interdental inflammation (Yes/No).
2 secondary outcomes
Full Mouth Plaque Score
Time frame: Four weeks
Full Mouth Bleeding Score
Time frame: Four weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 May 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Michele Paolantonio, MD; DDS principal investigator
University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Vegan/vegetarian diet and Omnivorous diet in people with Periodontal Inflammation and Periodontal Diseases, run by G. d'Annunzio University at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 14 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (time frame: Four weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 May 2026.