Stress, PsychologicalNCT05829031
Tailored Ecological Momentary Music Intervention for Stress Reduction
A study testing Targeted music listening in people with Stress, Psychological and Stress, Physiological, run by University of Vienna at 1 site in Austria.
Trial summary
Ethnic discrimination is associated with mental and physical health impairments. In view of the negative impact of discrimination on health, it is of great importance to investigate interventions to counteract these negative effects. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Stress, Psychological, Stress, Physiological, Discrimination, Racial
- What is being tested?
- Targeted music listening
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 39 participants
- Where
- 1 siteAustria
- Study dates
- 1 May 2023to 12 Aug 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Turkish immigrants (1st or 2nd generation)
- Chronic ethnic discrimination (value of or above 104 on the Everyday Discrimination Scale)
- 18-65 years
- sex: female
Who cannot join
- Insufficient proficiency of the German language
- Body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2
- Schizophrenia
- Substance-induced disorder in the past 2 years
- Chronic somatic diseases
- Medical conditions or medications known to affect endocrine or autonomic functioning
Show all 11Show fewer
- Abuse of alcohol in the past 6 months
- Drug use in the past year, cannabis use in the past 14 days
- Pregnancy
- Breastfeeding
- Impaired hearing or absolute pitch
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Tailored Ecological Momentary Music Intervention to Reduce Stress in the Daily Life of Turkish Immigrant Women
Ethnic discrimination is associated with mental and physical health impairments. In view of the negative impact of discrimination on health, it is of great importance to investigate interventions to counteract these negative effects.
Based on findings of a pilot study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04957966), this study investigates the effectiveness of a tailored ecological momentary music intervention to reduce biological (salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase) and psychological (perceived stress, perceived ethnic discrimination) stress reactions after discriminatory and/or stressful events in the daily life of Turkish immigrant women (N = 50, age range 18-65 years).
An intra-individually randomized design will be used, i.e., participants will be assigned on a random basis either to intervention events (they can choose to listen to music for the duration of 10 or 20 minutes) or to control events (participants are instructed to not listen to music). The whole study period consists of 35 days with a baseline period (week 1), intervention period (week 2-4), and post period (week 5).
Read the detailed description
Ethnic discrimination (ED) represents a complex stressor that triggers psychobiological stress reactions (Pascoe \& Smart Richman, 2009). Experienced chronically, ED can adversely affect mental and physical health (e.g., Lewis et al., 2015; Schmitt et al., 2014), most likely due to dysregulations of psychobiological stress systems (Chrousos, 2009; Schlotz, 2019). In this regard, women may be particularly affected as they face discrimination based on both ethnicity and gender more often compared to men (e.g., Harnois, 2014; Seaton \& Tyson, 2019). Considering the resulting health impairments, it is of great importance to investigate strategies that can mitigate the occurring stress reactions and thereby contribute to health promotion. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study to test the feasibility of an ecological momentary music intervention aiming to reduce stress levels of affected individuals (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04957966). Based on the findings of the pilot study and power calculations, we will now conduct a larger main study. The primary aim of our study is to examine the effectiveness of an ecological momentary music intervention to reduce psychological and biological (cortisol, alpha-amylase) stress levels after stressful and/or discriminatory events in the daily life of chronically discriminated Turkish immigrant women.
We hypothesize that listening to self-selected, relaxing music after an event of acute stress and/or ethnic discrimination in daily life will result in stronger decreases of psychological (perceived stress, perceived ethnic discrimination) and biological (cortisol, alpha-amylase) stress levels compared to no music listening (immediate effect). Further, we expect a decrease in diurnal psychological and biological stress levels throughout the study period (intermediate effect).
The study consists of three phases: Baseline phase (week 1), intervention phase (week 2 to 4), post intervention phase (week 5).
During the baseline and post intervention phase, we will assess participants' psychological and biological stress fluctuations and perceived ethnic discrimination in daily life. Therefore, participants will be prompted three times a day (11:00 am, 3:00 pm, 7:00 pm) through a study app to answer questions on their momentary levels of stress, perceived discrimination, positive and negative affect, and their music-listening activities (time-contingent data entries). Additionally, whenever a stressful and/or discriminatory event occurs, participants will be instructed to initiate a data entry by themselves in order to report their momentary levels of stress, perceived discrimination, positive and negative affect, and to answer questions on the current situation. To investigate activities after such self-initiated, event-contingent data entries, the app will prompt the participants 20 minutes later for an additional data entry (post). As part of every time-contingent and event-contingent report, participants will provide a saliva sample for the analysis of biological stress markers: salivary cortisol levels as index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) activity, salivary alpha-amylase as index of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity.
Every evening before going to bed, participants will complete a daily diary assessment via the study app. In this diary, participants will be asked about their current perceived stress, perceived discrimination, positive and negative affect, fatigue, and coping strategies. Additionally, they will be asked whether discriminatory or stressful events had happened over the course of the day and if so, to describe the event(s). This data entry will not require the collection of a saliva sample.
During the intervention phase (week 2 to 4), the sampling protocol will be the same as in the baseline and post intervention phase (i.e., time-contingent data entries, daily diary assessment, self-initiated event-contingent data entries, post). Additionally, participants will be randomly assigned (50:50) to either the intervention condition (listening to self-selected, relaxing music; participants can choose between the duration of 10 or 20 minutes) or the control condition (no music listening; participants are instructed to continue their pre-data entry activities) after every self-initiated event-contingent report. This intra-individually randomized study design will allow us to compare the effects of music listening vs. no music listening after stressful/discriminatory events on psychological and biological stress levels.
- Being tested
- Targeted music listening
- Keywords
- Ecological Momentary Intervention, Music, Stress reduction, Discrimination, Cortisol, Alpha-Amylase
- Medical subject headings
- Stress, Psychological, Racism
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Targeted music listeningBehavioural
Participants listen to self-selected relaxing music. They can choose between a duration of either 10 minutes or 20 minutes.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Music listening vs. No music listening | Experimental | Every participant will be randomly assigned (50:50) to one of the following two conditions: Music listening after a stressful and/or discriminatory event (i.e., intervention condition) or no music listening after a stressful and/or discriminatory event (i.e., control condition). Receives: Behavioral: Targeted music listening |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Subjective Stress Experience
Momentary stress level: visual analogue scales (VAS; 0-100, higher scores indicate a greater level of momentary stress)
Measured: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5); during the course of the intervention: T0: directly after a stressful/discriminatory event, T1: 20 minutes after T0
Change in Short-Term Neuroendocrine Stress: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
Biological Marker: Salivary Cortisol
Measured: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5); during the course of the intervention: T0: directly after a stressful/discriminatory event, T1: 20 minutes after T0
Change in Short-Term Neuroendocrine Stress: Autonomic Nervous System
Salivary Alpha-Amylase
Measured: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5); during the course of the intervention: T0: directly after a stressful/discriminatory event, T1: 20 minutes after T0
Secondary outcomes (8)
Change in positive and negative affect
PANAS (Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale; Watson et al., 1988; German version by Krohne et al., 1996) is a self-report questionnaire that consists of two scales to measure positive affect and negative affect, each scale consists of 10 items (5-point Likert Scales, for every scale higher scores indicate greater positive/negative affect)
Measured: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5)
Change in fatigue
5 items (one of each scale) of the MFI (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; Smets et al., 1995), a self-report questionnaire consisting of 20 items that are assigned to 5 scales: general fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, reduced activity, and reduced motivation (5-point Likert Scales, higher scores on each subscale indicate greater levels of each subscale-specific type of fatigue)
Measured: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5)
Change in coping behavior
5 items of the Brief-COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory; Carver, 1997; German version by Knoll et al., 2005), a self-report questionnaire that consists of 28 items to measure effective and ineffective ways of coping with stressful life events; one item of each subscale: active coping, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, venting, religion; 5-point Likert-Scales with higher scores for each subscale indicating a greater level of the subscale-specific coping behavior)
Measured: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5)
Change in avoidance behavior regarding discriminatory events
Combination of the following 4 items to measure change in avoidance behavior:
- 3 items of the avoidance subscale of the CSI (Coping Strategy Indicator; Amirkhan, 1990), a self-report questionnaire of situational coping that consists of 33 items with the subscales avoidance, problem solving, and seeking social support (5-point Likert-Scales with higher scores indicating greater levels of avoidance behavior)
- one self-developed item to measure avoidance behavior, in particular the item measures if the person avoided situations and/or persons for fear of being discriminated against (5-point Likert-Scales with higher scores indicating greater levels of avoidance behavior)
Measured: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5)
Change in anticipation of discriminatory events
3 items of the Racism-related Vigilance Scale (Clark et al., 2006), a 6-item scale to measure heightened vigilance regarding discriminatory events (5-point Likert-Scales with higher scores indicating greater levels of anticipation of discriminatory events)
Measured: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5)
Perceived burden regarding the intervention
10 items of a self-developed questionnaire on perceived burden regarding the intervention (5-point Likert Scales, higher scores indicate greater levels of perceived burden)
Measured: after 5 weeks
Satisfaction with the intervention
6 items of a self-developed questionnaire on satisfaction with the intervention (5-point Likert Scales, higher scores indicate greater levels of satisfaction)
Measured: after 5 weeks
Usage Rate of the App
Timestamped log-data of the app to determine usage rate by the participants (higher usage rate indicates a greater feasibility of the intervention)
Measured: after 5 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Apr 2023
- Study start1 May 2023
- Primary completion12 Aug 2025
- Study completion12 Aug 2025
Why it stopped: The anticipated study duration was two years. Despite sustained recruitment efforts, the required number of eligible participants could not be enrolled within this timeframe. Therefore, the study was terminated.
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Stress, PsychologicalStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- Intra-individually randomized design: Participants will be randomly assigned (50:50) to either the intervention condition or the control condition
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 39 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Vienna
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Urs Nater, University of Vienna
- Investigators
- Ricarda Nater-Mewes, Dr. Dr., Principal investigator, University of ViennaUrs Nater, Prof., Principal investigator, University of Vienna
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05829031
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- EMMI-T Main
- Status last verified
- Mar 2025
- First submitted
- 12 Apr 2023
- Last updated
- 19 Aug 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Data will be shared upon reasonable request.
Publications
Amirkhan JH. A Factor Analytically Derived Measure of Coping - the Coping Strategy Indicator. J Pers Soc Psychol 1990;59:1066-74.
Chrousos GP. Stress and disorders of the stress system. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009 Jul;5(7):374-81. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2009.106. Epub 2009 Jun 2.
PubMed 19488073Clark R, Benkert RA, Flack JM. Large arterial elasticity varies as a function of gender and racism-related vigilance in black youth. J Adolesc Health. 2006 Oct;39(4):562-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.02.012. Epub 2006 Jul 10.
PubMed 16982392Harnois CE. Are perceptions of discrimination unidimensional, oppositional, or intersectional? Examining the relationship among perceived racial-ethnic-, gender-, and age-based discrimination. Sociol Perspect 2014;57:470-87.
Knoll N, Rieckmann N, Schwarzer R. Coping as a mediator between personality and stress outcomes: A longitudinal study with cataract surgery patients. Eur J Pers 2005;19:229-47.
Krohne HW, Egloff B, Kohlmann C-W, Tausch A. Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der
Lewis TT, Cogburn CD, Williams DR. Self-reported experiences of discrimination and health: scientific advances, ongoing controversies, and emerging issues. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2015;11:407-40. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112728. Epub 2015 Jan 2.
PubMed 25581238Pascoe EA, Smart Richman L. Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2009 Jul;135(4):531-54. doi: 10.1037/a0016059.
PubMed 19586161Schlotz W. Investigating associations between momentary stress and cortisol in daily life: What have we learned so far? Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019 Jul;105:105-116. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.038. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
PubMed 30503527Schmitt MT, Branscombe NR, Postmes T, Garcia A. The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2014 Jul;140(4):921-48. doi: 10.1037/a0035754. Epub 2014 Feb 17.
PubMed 24547896Seaton EK, Tyson K. The Intersection of Race and Gender Among Black American Adolescents. Child Dev. 2019 Jan;90(1):62-70. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13093. Epub 2018 May 19.
PubMed 29777539Smets EM, Garssen B, Bonke B, De Haes JC. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue. J Psychosom Res. 1995 Apr;39(3):315-25. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(94)00125-o.
PubMed 7636775Hirsch S, Nater UM, Mewes R. Smartphone-based ecological momentary music intervention to reduce stress in Turkish immigrant women: protocol. BMJ Open. 2025 Apr 5;15(4):e090518. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090518.
PubMed 40187786
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Aug 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Tailored Ecological Momentary Music Intervention to Reduce Stress in the Daily Life of Turkish Immigrant Women
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05829031
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- EMMI-T Main
- Keywords
- Ecological Momentary Intervention, Music, Stress reduction, Discrimination, Cortisol, Alpha-Amylase
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- TerminatedReason stopped: The anticipated study duration was two years. Despite sustained recruitment efforts, the required number of eligible participants could not be enrolled within this timeframe. Therefore, the study was terminated.
- Enrolment
- 39 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of ViennaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 May 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 12 Aug 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 12 Aug 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Apr 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Ethnic discrimination is associated with mental and physical health impairments. In view of the negative impact of discrimination on health, it is of great importance to investigate interventions to counteract these negative effects.
Based on findings of a pilot study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04957966), this study investigates the effectiveness of a tailored ecological momentary music intervention to reduce biological (salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase) and psychological (perceived stress, perceived ethnic discrimination) stress reactions after discriminatory and/or stressful events in the daily life of Turkish immigrant women (N = 50, age range 18-65 years).
An intra-individually randomized design will be used, i.e., participants will be assigned on a random basis either to intervention events (they can choose to listen to music for the duration of 10 or 20 minutes) or to control events (participants are instructed to not listen to music). The whole study period consists of 35 days with a baseline period (week 1), intervention period (week 2-4), and post period (week 5).
Detailed description
Ethnic discrimination (ED) represents a complex stressor that triggers psychobiological stress reactions (Pascoe \& Smart Richman, 2009). Experienced chronically, ED can adversely affect mental and physical health (e.g., Lewis et al., 2015; Schmitt et al., 2014), most likely due to dysregulations of psychobiological stress systems (Chrousos, 2009; Schlotz, 2019). In this regard, women may be particularly affected as they face discrimination based on both ethnicity and gender more often compared to men (e.g., Harnois, 2014; Seaton \& Tyson, 2019). Considering the resulting health impairments, it is of great importance to investigate strategies that can mitigate the occurring stress reactions and thereby contribute to health promotion. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study to test the feasibility of an ecological momentary music intervention aiming to reduce stress levels of affected individuals (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04957966). Based on the findings of the pilot study and power calculations, we will now conduct a larger main study. The primary aim of our study is to examine the effectiveness of an ecological momentary music intervention to reduce psychological and biological (cortisol, alpha-amylase) stress levels after stressful and/or discriminatory events in the daily life of chronically discriminated Turkish immigrant women.
We hypothesize that listening to self-selected, relaxing music after an event of acute stress and/or ethnic discrimination in daily life will result in stronger decreases of psychological (perceived stress, perceived ethnic discrimination) and biological (cortisol, alpha-amylase) stress levels compared to no music listening (immediate effect). Further, we expect a decrease in diurnal psychological and biological stress levels throughout the study period (intermediate effect).
The study consists of three phases: Baseline phase (week 1), intervention phase (week 2 to 4), post intervention phase (week 5).
During the baseline and post intervention phase, we will assess participants' psychological and biological stress fluctuations and perceived ethnic discrimination in daily life. Therefore, participants will be prompted three times a day (11:00 am, 3:00 pm, 7:00 pm) through a study app to answer questions on their momentary levels of stress, perceived discrimination, positive and negative affect, and their music-listening activities (time-contingent data entries). Additionally, whenever a stressful and/or discriminatory event occurs, participants will be instructed to initiate a data entry by themselves in order to report their momentary levels of stress, perceived discrimination, positive and negative affect, and to answer questions on the current situation. To investigate activities after such self-initiated, event-contingent data entries, the app will prompt the participants 20 minutes later for an additional data entry (post). As part of every time-contingent and event-contingent report, participants will provide a saliva sample for the analysis of biological stress markers: salivary cortisol levels as index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) activity, salivary alpha-amylase as index of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity.
Every evening before going to bed, participants will complete a daily diary assessment via the study app. In this diary, participants will be asked about their current perceived stress, perceived discrimination, positive and negative affect, fatigue, and coping strategies. Additionally, they will be asked whether discriminatory or stressful events had happened over the course of the day and if so, to describe the event(s). This data entry will not require the collection of a saliva sample.
During the intervention phase (week 2 to 4), the sampling protocol will be the same as in the baseline and post intervention phase (i.e., time-contingent data entries, daily diary assessment, self-initiated event-contingent data entries, post). Additionally, participants will be randomly assigned (50:50) to either the intervention condition (listening to self-selected, relaxing music; participants can choose between the duration of 10 or 20 minutes) or the control condition (no music listening; participants are instructed to continue their pre-data entry activities) after every self-initiated event-contingent report. This intra-individually randomized study design will allow us to compare the effects of music listening vs. no music listening after stressful/discriminatory events on psychological and biological stress levels.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- Intra-individually randomized design: Participants will be randomly assigned (50:50) to either the intervention condition or the control condition
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Music listening vs. No music listening | Experimental | Behavioral: Targeted music listeningEvery participant will be randomly assigned (50:50) to one of the following two conditions: Music listening after a stressful and/or discriminatory event (i.e., intervention condition) or no music listening after a stressful and/or discriminatory event (i.e., control condition). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Turkish immigrants (1st or 2nd generation)
- Chronic ethnic discrimination (value of or above 104 on the Everyday Discrimination Scale)
- 18-65 years
- sex: female
Key exclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Insufficient proficiency of the German language
- Body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2
- Schizophrenia
- Substance-induced disorder in the past 2 years
- Chronic somatic diseases
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Targeted music listeningParticipants listen to self-selected relaxing music. They can choose between a duration of either 10 minutes or 20 minutes. | Behavioural | Music listening vs. No music listening |
Primary outcome
Change in Subjective Stress Experience
Time frame: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5); during the course of the intervention: T0: directly after a stressful/discriminatory event, T1: 20 minutes after T0
Momentary stress level: visual analogue scales (VAS; 0-100, higher scores indicate a greater level of momentary stress)
Change in Short-Term Neuroendocrine Stress: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
Time frame: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5); during the course of the intervention: T0: directly after a stressful/discriminatory event, T1: 20 minutes after T0
Biological Marker: Salivary Cortisol
Change in Short-Term Neuroendocrine Stress: Autonomic Nervous System
Time frame: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5); during the course of the intervention: T0: directly after a stressful/discriminatory event, T1: 20 minutes after T0
Salivary Alpha-Amylase
8 secondary outcomes
Change in positive and negative affect
Time frame: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5)
Change in fatigue
Time frame: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5)
Change in coping behavior
Time frame: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5)
Change in avoidance behavior regarding discriminatory events
Time frame: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5)
Change in anticipation of discriminatory events
Time frame: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5)
Perceived burden regarding the intervention
Time frame: after 5 weeks
Satisfaction with the intervention
Time frame: after 5 weeks
Usage Rate of the App
Time frame: after 5 weeks
Results and safety
The study was stopped early (reason given: The anticipated study duration was two years. Despite sustained recruitment efforts, the required number of eligible participants could not be enrolled within this timeframe. Therefore, the study was terminated.). Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Aug 2025.
- BackgroundAmirkhan JH. A Factor Analytically Derived Measure of Coping - the Coping Strategy Indicator. J Pers Soc Psychol 1990;59:1066-74.
- Background: PubMed 19488073Chrousos GP. Stress and disorders of the stress system. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009 Jul;5(7):374-81. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2009.106. Epub 2009 Jun 2.
- Background: PubMed 16982392Clark R, Benkert RA, Flack JM. Large arterial elasticity varies as a function of gender and racism-related vigilance in black youth. J Adolesc Health. 2006 Oct;39(4):562-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.02.012. Epub 2006 Jul 10.
- BackgroundHarnois CE. Are perceptions of discrimination unidimensional, oppositional, or intersectional? Examining the relationship among perceived racial-ethnic-, gender-, and age-based discrimination. Sociol Perspect 2014;57:470-87.
- BackgroundKnoll N, Rieckmann N, Schwarzer R. Coping as a mediator between personality and stress outcomes: A longitudinal study with cataract surgery patients. Eur J Pers 2005;19:229-47.
- BackgroundKrohne HW, Egloff B, Kohlmann C-W, Tausch A. Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der
- Background: PubMed 25581238Lewis TT, Cogburn CD, Williams DR. Self-reported experiences of discrimination and health: scientific advances, ongoing controversies, and emerging issues. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2015;11:407-40. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112728. Epub 2015 Jan 2.
- Background: PubMed 19586161Pascoe EA, Smart Richman L. Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2009 Jul;135(4):531-54. doi: 10.1037/a0016059.
- Background: PubMed 30503527Schlotz W. Investigating associations between momentary stress and cortisol in daily life: What have we learned so far? Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019 Jul;105:105-116. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.038. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
- Background: PubMed 24547896Schmitt MT, Branscombe NR, Postmes T, Garcia A. The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2014 Jul;140(4):921-48. doi: 10.1037/a0035754. Epub 2014 Feb 17.
- Background: PubMed 29777539Seaton EK, Tyson K. The Intersection of Race and Gender Among Black American Adolescents. Child Dev. 2019 Jan;90(1):62-70. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13093. Epub 2018 May 19.
- Background: PubMed 7636775Smets EM, Garssen B, Bonke B, De Haes JC. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue. J Psychosom Res. 1995 Apr;39(3):315-25. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(94)00125-o.
- clinicaltrials.gov registration of the corresponding pilot studyLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Data will be shared upon reasonable request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ricarda Nater-Mewes, Dr. Dr. principal investigator
University of Vienna
Urs Nater, Prof. principal investigator
University of Vienna
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Targeted music listening in people with Stress, Psychological and Stress, Physiological, run by University of Vienna at 1 site in Austria.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Austria. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study was stopped early (reason given: The anticipated study duration was two years. Despite sustained recruitment efforts, the required number of eligible participants could not be enrolled within this timeframe. Therefore, the study was terminated.). Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Subjective Stress Experience (time frame: from baseline period (week 1) to post period (week 5); during the course of the intervention: T0: directly after a stressful/discriminatory event, T1: 20 minutes after T0). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05829031, which also lists 13 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Aug 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 6 Nov 2026.